İklim Değişikliğine Bağlı Göçte Avrupa Birliği'nin Rolü ve Normlar: Birleşmiş Milletler Taraflar Konferansları Örneği

Abstract

Tarihsel bağlamda coğrafi, askeri, siyasi, ekonomik sebeplerin ağrılıklı olduğu göç hareketlerine, çevresel değişim ile birlikte “iklim değişikliğine bağlı göç” kavramı eklemlenmiş, bu durum “iklim mültecileri” nin statüsünün tartışılmasını sağlamıştır. Genellikle uluslararası güvenliğe tehdit oluşturduğu ve çatışmaları arttırabileceği hipotezleri çerçevesinde ele alınan iklim mültecileri, çevresel kötüleşmeyle birlikte ikamet ettikleri ülkeyi terk eden kişileri kapsamakta, aktörlerin iç ve dış politikalarını, diplomasi pratiklerini ve değerlerini etkilemektedir. Bu aktörler arasında yer alan Avrupa Birliği (AB) ise iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede normatif tutumu ile ön plana çıkarak uluslararası iklim rejiminin geliştirilmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Literatürde iklim ve göç ilişkisi genellikle güvenlik perspektifinden değerlendirilmiş, norm ilişkisi göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın temel araştırma sorularını “Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Taraflar Konferansları özelinde AB’nin iklim değişikliğine bağlı göçe yönelik tutumunun ne olduğu ve hangi normların tartışıldığı” oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada BM Taraflar Konferansları’nda AB’nin iklim değişikliğine bağlı göçe yönelik normların tartışılmasını sağladığı ve kurumsallaşma çabalarını desteklediği iddia edilmiştir.

Keywords

• İklim değişikliği
• Göç
• Avrupa Birliği
• Diplomasi
• Normlar

The Role of the European Union in Climate Change Induced Migration and Norms: Example of the United Nations Conferences on the Parties

Abstract

Historically, migration flows have been primarily driven by geographical, military, political, and economic factors; however, with the rise of environmental changes, “climate change-induced migration” has been added to the literature, and the concept of “climate refugees” has begun to be discussed. Climate refugees, who are generally discussed in the context of hypotheses that they pose a threat to international security and may escalate conflicts, refer to people who leave their country of residence due to environmental deterioration and who influence the values, domestic and foreign policies, and diplomatic practices of actors. The European Union (EU), among these actors, has played a significant role in the development of the international climate regime, standing out for its normative stance in the fight against climate change. In the literature, the relationship between climate and migration has generally been assessed from a security perspective, neglecting the normative dimension. In this context, the main research questions of this study are: “What is the EU’s stance on climate-induced migration and which norms have been discussed in the United Nations Conferences of the Parties?” In this context, this study claims that the EU has promoted discussion of norms relating to climate-induced migration and supported initiatives towards institutionalisation.

Keywords

• Climate change
• Migration
• the European Union
• Diplomacy
• Norms

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