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Importance and Applications of Magnesium and Its Alloys in Automotive Industry

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 548 - 562, 01.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.789612

Abstract

Rapid depletion of world oil reserves, increasing fuel economy demands and legal restrictions on exhaust emission values have been led the automotive industry to modern lightweight structures. With the mass reduction in automobiles, it is aimed both to ensure fuel efficiency and to minimize harmful exhaust emissions caused by combustion. In this context, materials that have been superior properties are needed. Magnesium and its alloys come into prominence as the most remarkable structural materials for automotive applications with their characteristics like low density, high specific strength, easy recovery and excellent damping capacity. These materials can provide a significant gain in the weight by using them in the basic systems and components of automobiles such as interior equipment, the body of vehicles, chassis, powertrain and vehicle frontal area. Therefore, both exhaust emissions which pose a serious threat to human health and environmental quality, and fuel consumption can be minimized. In this study, it is aimed to draw attention to the importance, current and possible applications of magnesium and its alloys in the automotive industry.

Project Number

yok

References

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  • Anonymous, 2017. Mass-Produced Magnesium Porsche Uses POSCO's Mass-produced Magnesium Sheets in New Model Roof, http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/english/news (Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2019).
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  • Blum W, Watzinger B, Zhang P, 2000. Creep of Die-Cast Light-Weight Mg–Al base Alloy AZ91hp, Advanced Engineering Materials, 2(6): 349-355.
  • Buldum B. B, Sık A, Ozkul I, 2012. Investigation of magnesium alloys machinability, International Journal of Electronics, 2(3): 261-268.
  • Chalisgaonkar R, 2020. Insight in applications, manufacturing and corrosion behaviour of magnesium and its alloys–A review, Materials Today: Proceedings.
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  • Das S, 2003. Magnesium for automotive applications: Primary production cost assessment, JOM Journal of the Minerals. Metals and Materials Society, 55 (11): 22-26.
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  • Dieringa H, Bohlen J, Hort N, Letzig D, Kainer K. U, 2016. Advances in manufacturing processes for magnesium alloys. Essentıal Readıngs In Magnesium Technology, pp 19-25, USA.
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  • Friedrich H, Schumann S, 2001. Research for a “new age of magnesium” in the automotive industry. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 117 (3): 276-281.
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  • Jambor A, Beyer M, 1997. New cars-new materials, Materials & design, 18 (4): 203-209.
  • Javaid A, Czerwinski F, Zavadil R, Aniolek M, Hadadzadeh A, 2014. Solidification characteristics of wrought magnesium alloys containing rare earth metals, Magnesium Technology, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS), pp. 197-202, USA.
  • Jayaraja J, Prasanth M, Srinivasan, A, Pillai, U. T. S, Pai1, B. C, 2015. Magnesium in Indian Context. Indian Foundry Journal, 61(2): 49-55.
  • Jayasathyakawin S, Ravichandran M, Baskar N, Chairman C. A, Balasundaram R, 2020. Mechanical properties and applications of Magnesium alloy–Review. Materials Today: Proceedings.
  • Joost W. J, 2012. Reducing vehicle weight and improving US energy efficiency using integrated computational materials engineering. Jom, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 64 (9): 1032-1038.
  • Joost W.J, Krajewski P.E, 2017. Towards magnesium alloys for high-volume automotive applications. Scripta Materialia, 128, 107- 112.
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  • King J. F, 2006. Alloys Containing Zirconium, Magnesium Technology, Springer-Verlag, pp. 128-144, Berlin, Germany.
  • Kulekci M. K, 2008. Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 39 (9): 851-865.
  • Kramer D. A, 2001. Magnesium, Its Alloys and Compounds, U.S. Geological Survey Publication, 1(341): 1-30.
  • Kumar D, Phanden R. K, Thakur L, 2020. A review on environment friendly and lightweight Magnesium-Based metal matrix composites and alloys, Materials Today: Proceedings.
  • Kumar D. S, Sasanka C. T, Ravindra K, Suman K. N. S, 2015. Magnesium and its alloys in automotive applications–a review, American Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 4(1): 12-30.
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  • Nyberg E. A, Luo A. A, Sadayappan K, Shi W, 2008. Magnesium for future autos. Advanced Materials & Processes, 166 (10): 35-37.
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  • Powell B. R, Krajewski P. E, Luo A. A, 2010. Magnesium alloys for lightweight powertrains and automotive structures. In Materials, Design and manufacturing for lightweight vehicles, pp. 114-173, Cambridge, UK.
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Magnezyum ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi ve Uygulamaları

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 548 - 562, 01.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.789612

Abstract

Dünya petrol rezervlerinin hızla tükenmesi, artan yakıt ekonomisi talepleri ve egzoz emisyon değerlerine getirilen yasal sınırlamalar otomotiv endüstrisini modern hafif yapılara yönlendirmiştir. Otomobillerde kütle azaltımı ile hem yakıt verimliliğinin sağlanması hem de yanma sonucu açığa çıkan zararlı egzoz emisyonlarının en aza indirgenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda üstün özelliklere sahip malzemelere ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Magnezyum ve alaşımları düşük yoğunluk, yüksek özgül dayanım, kolay geri kazanım ve mükemmel sönümleme kapasitesi gibi karakteristik özellikleri ile otomotiv uygulamaları için en dikkat çekici yapısal malzemeler olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu malzemeler otomobillerin iç donanım, karoseri, şasi, güç aktarma organları ve araç ön alanı gibi temel sistem ve bileşenlerinde kullanılarak ağırlıkta önemli bir kazanım sağlayabilir. Böylece gerek yakıt sarfiyatı gerekse de insan sağlığı ve çevre kalitesi açısından ciddi tehdit unsuru oluşturan egzoz emisyonları minimize edilebilir. Bu çalışmada, magnezyum ve alaşımlarının otomotiv endüstrisindeki önemine, mevcut ve olası uygulamalarına dikkat çekilmek istenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

References

  • Aghion E, Golub G, 2006. Production Technologies of Magnesium. Magnesium Technology Springer-Verlag, pp. 29-60, Berlin, Germany.
  • Alderman M, 2013. Magnesium:The Lightest Structural Metal in Automotive, Magnesium Elektron, http://www.global-automotive-lightweight-materials.com (Erişim Tarihi:10.12.2018).
  • Anonymous, 2017. Mass-Produced Magnesium Porsche Uses POSCO's Mass-produced Magnesium Sheets in New Model Roof, http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/english/news (Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2019).
  • Baril E, Labelle P, Pekguleryuz M, 2003. Elevated temperature Mg-Al-Sr: creep resistance, mechanical properties, and microstructure, JOM Journal of the Minerals, 55 (11): 34-39.
  • Berry C, 2015. A Closer Look at Magnesium, Zımtu research - the power of insıght, Canada, https://rockstone-research.com/images/PDF (Erişim Tarihi:14.10.2019).
  • Blawert C, Hort N, Kainer K.U, 2004. Automotive Applications of Magnesium and Its Alloys. Trans. IndianInst. Met, 57 (4): 397-408.
  • Blum W, Watzinger B, Zhang P, 2000. Creep of Die-Cast Light-Weight Mg–Al base Alloy AZ91hp, Advanced Engineering Materials, 2(6): 349-355.
  • Buldum B. B, Sık A, Ozkul I, 2012. Investigation of magnesium alloys machinability, International Journal of Electronics, 2(3): 261-268.
  • Chalisgaonkar R, 2020. Insight in applications, manufacturing and corrosion behaviour of magnesium and its alloys–A review, Materials Today: Proceedings.
  • Cole G. S, Sherman A. M, 1995. Light weight materials for automotive applications. Materials characterization, 35 (1): 3-9.
  • Das S, 2003. Magnesium for automotive applications: Primary production cost assessment, JOM Journal of the Minerals. Metals and Materials Society, 55 (11): 22-26.
  • Davis J, 1991. The potential for vehicle weight reduction using magnesium. SAE Technical Paper 910551, 1-17.
  • Dieringa H, Bohlen J, Hort N, Letzig D, Kainer K. U, 2016. Advances in manufacturing processes for magnesium alloys. Essentıal Readıngs In Magnesium Technology, pp 19-25, USA.
  • Dobrzanski L.A, Tanski T, Cížek L, 2005. Influence of modification with chemical elements on structure of magnesium casting alloys. 13th Scientific International Conferences, Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering AMME, 2005, pp. 199-202
  • Dobrzański L. A, Tański T, Čížek L, Brytan Z, 2007. Structure and properties of magnesium cast alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 192-193, 567-574.
  • Eliezer D, Aghion E, Froes F. S, 1998. Magnesium science, technology and applications. Advanced Performance Materials, 5(3): 201-212.
  • Esdaile R.J, 2001. Magnesium Casting Applications in the Automotive Industry. SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0415, 1-7.
  • Fink R, 2003. Die Casting Magnesium, Magnesium Alloys and Technology, pp. 23-44, Germany,
  • Forsmark J. H, Li M, Su X, Wagner D. A, Zindel J, Luo A. A, Quinn J. F, Verma R, Wang Y. M, Logan S. D, Bilkhu S, McCune R. C, 2014. The USAMP Magnesium Front End Research and Development Project-Results of the Magnesium “Demonstration” Structure, In Magnesium Technology, Springer, pp. 517-524, USA.
  • Friedrich H, Schumann S, 2001. Research for a “new age of magnesium” in the automotive industry. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 117 (3): 276-281.
  • Froes F. H, Eliezer D, Aghion E, 1998. The science, technology, and applications of magnesium. JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 50 (9): 30-34.
  • Gaines L, Cuenca R, Stodolsky F, Wu S, 1996. Potential automotive uses of wrought magnesium alloys (No: ANL/ES/CP-89958; CONF-9604136-21), Argonne National Lab, IL 60439, USA.
  • Ghassemieh E, 2011. Materials in Automotive Application, State of the Art and Prospects. New Trends and Developments in Automotive Industry, In Tech, ISBN: 978-953-307-999-8, pp. 365-394, UK.
  • Goede M, Stehlin M, Rafflenbeul L, Kopp G, Beeh E, 2009. Super Light Car-lightweight construction thanks to a multi-material design and function integration. European Transport Research Review, 1(1): 5-10.
  • Gupta M, 2015. Advanced lightweight magnesium based materials in marine engineering. Innovation & Cooperation in Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering Alliance, ICNAME, China.
  • Han Q, Kad B. K, Viswanathan S, 2004. Design perspectives for creep-resistant magnesium die-casting alloys, Philosophical Magazine, 84 (36): 3843-3860.
  • Hanko G, Antrekowitsch H, Ebner P, 2002. Recycling automotive magnesium scrap. JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 54 (2): 51-54.
  • Harbodt K, 2006. History until 1945. Magnesium Technology Springer-Verlag, pp. 1-12, Berlin, Germany.
  • Hussein R. O, Northwood D. O, 2014. Improving the performance of magnesium alloys for automotive applications, WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 137, 531-544.
  • Jambor A, Beyer M, 1997. New cars-new materials, Materials & design, 18 (4): 203-209.
  • Javaid A, Czerwinski F, Zavadil R, Aniolek M, Hadadzadeh A, 2014. Solidification characteristics of wrought magnesium alloys containing rare earth metals, Magnesium Technology, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS), pp. 197-202, USA.
  • Jayaraja J, Prasanth M, Srinivasan, A, Pillai, U. T. S, Pai1, B. C, 2015. Magnesium in Indian Context. Indian Foundry Journal, 61(2): 49-55.
  • Jayasathyakawin S, Ravichandran M, Baskar N, Chairman C. A, Balasundaram R, 2020. Mechanical properties and applications of Magnesium alloy–Review. Materials Today: Proceedings.
  • Joost W. J, 2012. Reducing vehicle weight and improving US energy efficiency using integrated computational materials engineering. Jom, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 64 (9): 1032-1038.
  • Joost W.J, Krajewski P.E, 2017. Towards magnesium alloys for high-volume automotive applications. Scripta Materialia, 128, 107- 112.
  • Juchmann P, 2006. Forming, Magnesium Technology, pp. 269-289, Berlin, Germany.
  • Kainer K. U, Von Buch F, 2003. The current state of technology and potential for further development of magnesium applications. Magnesium-Alloys and Technology, pp. 1-22, Germany.
  • King J. F, 2006. Alloys Containing Zirconium, Magnesium Technology, Springer-Verlag, pp. 128-144, Berlin, Germany.
  • Kulekci M. K, 2008. Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 39 (9): 851-865.
  • Kramer D. A, 2001. Magnesium, Its Alloys and Compounds, U.S. Geological Survey Publication, 1(341): 1-30.
  • Kumar D, Phanden R. K, Thakur L, 2020. A review on environment friendly and lightweight Magnesium-Based metal matrix composites and alloys, Materials Today: Proceedings.
  • Kumar D. S, Sasanka C. T, Ravindra K, Suman K. N. S, 2015. Magnesium and its alloys in automotive applications–a review, American Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 4(1): 12-30.
  • Leil T. A, Hort N, Dietzel W, Blawert C, Huang Y, Kainer K. U, Rao K. P, 2009. Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg-Sn-Ca alloys after extrusion, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 19(1): 40-44.
  • Li G. H, Gill H. S, Varin R. A, 1993. Magnesium Silicide Intermetallic Alloys, Metallurgical Transactions A, 24(11), 2383-2391.
  • Li N, 2004. Automotive Magnesium Applications and Life Cycle Environmental Assessment, The 3rd International Conference on SF6 and the Environment, Michigan, December 1-3, pp. 1-26.
  • Li N, Osborne R, Cox B, Penrod D, 2005. Magnesium Engine Cradle-The USCAR Structural Cast Magnesium Development. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0337, 79-88.
  • Li S, Yang X, Hou J, Du W, 2020. A review on thermal conductivity of magnesium and its alloys. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 8, 78-90.
  • Luo A. A, 2002. Magnesium: current and potential automotive applications. Jom Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 54 (2): 42-48.
  • Lou A. A, 2011. The USAMP Magnesium Front End Research and Development (MFERD), USAMP, https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/03/f11/lm008_luo_2011_o.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.12. 2019).
  • Luo A. A, 2013. Applications: aerospace, automotive and other structural applications of magnesium. In Fundamentals of Magnesium Alloy Metallurgy, pp. 266-316, USA.
  • Luo A. A, 2014. Alloy Development, Manufacturing and Design for Magnesium Applications. Magnesium Technology, pp. 5-7, USA.
  • Luo A. A, Nyberg E. A, Sadayappan K, Shi W, 2008. Magnesium front end research and development: A Canada-China-USA collaboration. Magnesium Technology, pp. 41-48, USA.
  • Luo A, Renaud J, Nakatsugawa I, Plourde J, 1995. Magnesium castings for automotive applications. JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 47 (7): 28-31.
  • Luo A. A, Sachdev A. K, 2012. Applications of magnesium alloys in automotive engineering. In Advances in wrought magnesium alloys, pp. 393-426, UK.
  • Luo A, Pekguleryuz M. O, 1994. Cast magnesium alloys for elevated temperature applications, Journal of Materials Science, 29 (20): 5259-5271.
  • Mallick P. K, 2012. Advanced materials for automotive applications: an overview, In Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 5-27, UK.
  • Mendis C. L, Hono K, 2013. Understanding precipitation processes in magnesium alloys, Fundamentals of Magnesium Alloy Metallurgy, Woodhead Publishing, Philadelphia, pp. 125-151, USA.
  • McWilliams A, 2011. Lightweight materials in transportation, Rapor No: AVM056B, MA: BBC Research, Wellesley, USA.
  • Mordike B. L, Lukac P, 2006. Physical Metallurgy, Magnesium Technology, Springer-Verlag, pp. 63-109, Berlin, Germany.
  • Mordike, B. L, Von Buch, F, 2003. High-Temperature Properties of Magnesium Alloys, Magnesium-Alloys and Technology, Verlag, pp. 106-129, Weinheim, Germany.
  • Mus C, 1998. The today and future potential of magnesium in the automotive industry. Metallurgical Science and Tecnology, 15 (2): 62-66.
  • Nyberg E. A, Luo A. A, Sadayappan K, Shi W, 2008. Magnesium for future autos. Advanced Materials & Processes, 166 (10): 35-37.
  • Polmear I. J, 2006. Light alloys: from traditional alloys to nanocrystals, Fourth Edition, pp. 237-297, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK.
  • Powell B. R, 2003. The USAMP Magnesium Powertrain Cast Components Project. The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), 55(11): 28-29.
  • Powell B. R, Krajewski P. E, Luo A. A, 2010. Magnesium alloys for lightweight powertrains and automotive structures. In Materials, Design and manufacturing for lightweight vehicles, pp. 114-173, Cambridge, UK.
  • Powell B. R, Luo A. A, Krajewski P. E, 2012. Magnesium alloys for lightweight powertrains and automotive bodies, In Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, pp. 150-209, UK.
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There are 83 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Makina Mühendisliği / Mechanical Engineering
Authors

Fevzi Kelen 0000-0003-3900-4503

Project Number yok
Publication Date March 1, 2021
Submission Date September 2, 2020
Acceptance Date November 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kelen, F. (2021). Magnezyum ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi ve Uygulamaları. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(1), 548-562. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.789612
AMA Kelen F. Magnezyum ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi ve Uygulamaları. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. March 2021;11(1):548-562. doi:10.21597/jist.789612
Chicago Kelen, Fevzi. “Magnezyum Ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi Ve Uygulamaları”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (March 2021): 548-62. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.789612.
EndNote Kelen F (March 1, 2021) Magnezyum ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi ve Uygulamaları. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11 1 548–562.
IEEE F. Kelen, “Magnezyum ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi ve Uygulamaları”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 548–562, 2021, doi: 10.21597/jist.789612.
ISNAD Kelen, Fevzi. “Magnezyum Ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi Ve Uygulamaları”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11/1 (March 2021), 548-562. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.789612.
JAMA Kelen F. Magnezyum ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi ve Uygulamaları. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2021;11:548–562.
MLA Kelen, Fevzi. “Magnezyum Ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi Ve Uygulamaları”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 548-62, doi:10.21597/jist.789612.
Vancouver Kelen F. Magnezyum ve Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisindeki Önemi ve Uygulamaları. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2021;11(1):548-62.