Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 325 - 345, 27.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1105651

Abstract

References

  • Aizawa, I., Rose, H., Thompson, G., & Curle, S. (2020). Beyond the threshold: Exploring English language proficiency, linguistic challenges, and academic language skills of Japanese students in an English medium instruction programme. Language Teaching Research, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820965510
  • Ayers, J. B., & Quattlebaum, R. F. (1992). TOEFL performance and success in a master’s program in engineering. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 973–975. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164492052004021
  • Aydın, B., Akay, E., Polat M, & Geridönmez, S. (2016). Türkiye’deki hazırlık okullarının yeterlik sınavı uygulamaları ve bilgisayarlı dil ölçme fikrine yaklaşımları [The proficiency exam practices of the preparatory schools in Turkey and their approaches to the idea of computerized language assessment]. Anadolu Üniversitesi sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2),1–20. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.388926
  • Başıbek, N., Dolmacı, M. Cengiz, B.C. , Bür, B. , Dilek, Y., Kara, B. (2014). Lecturers’ perceptions of English medium instruction at engineering departments of higher education: A study on partial English medium instruction at some state universities in Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1819–1825. https://doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.477
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • British Council & TEPAV (2015, November). The state of English in higher education in Turkey: A baseline study. https://www.britishcouncil.org.tr/sites/default/files/he_baseline_study_book_web_-_son.pdf
  • Carlsen, C. H. (2018) The adequacy of the B2 level as university entrance requirement. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2017.1405962
  • Cicillini, S. (2021). English language entry requirements in EMI degree programmes at bachelor level in Italy. 44, 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1285/i22390359v44p53
  • Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dearden, J., & Macaro, E. (2016). Higher education teachers’ attitudes towards English medium instruction: A three-country comparison. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 6(3), 455–486. https://doi:10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.3.5
  • Deygers, B., Zeidler, B., Vilcu, D., & Carlsen, C. H. (2018). One framework to unite them all: Use of the CEFR in European university entrance policies. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(1), 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2016.1261350
  • Green, A. (2018). Linking tests of English for academic purposes to the CEFR: The score user’s perspective. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(1), 59–74 https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2017.1350685
  • Harrington, M., & Roche, T. (2014). Identifying academically at-risk students in an English-as-a-Lingua-Franca university setting. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 15, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2014.05.003
  • Hill, K., Storch, N., & Lynch, B. (1999). A comparison of IELTS and TOEFL as predictors of academic success. English Language Testing System Research Reports, 2, 52–63. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.905454735271041
  • Jeffrey S. J. M., Melchor M. D. R. and Walsh A. S. (2019). Linguistic requirements for students and staff on EMI undergraduate degrees at universities in the Community of Madrid. European Journal of Language Policy, 11(1), 95–107.
  • Kamasak, R., & Ozbilgin, M. (2021). English medium instruction as a vehicle for language teaching or a product for marketing? The case of Turkey. In J.D. Branch & B. Christiansen (Eds.), The marketisation of higher education (pp. 321–341). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67441-0_14
  • Karakaş, A. (2018). Visible language-covert policy: An investigation of language policy documents at EMI universities in Turkey. International Online Journal of Education andTeaching (IOJET), 5(4), 788–807. http://iojet.org/index.php/IOJET/article/view/436/294
  • Kırkgöz, Y. (2019). Globalization and English language policy in Turkey. Educational Policy, 23(5), 663–684. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904808316319
  • Light, R. L., Xu, M., & Mossop, J. (1987). English proficiency and academic performance of international students. TESOL Quarterly, 21(2), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586734
  • Macaro, E. (2018). English medium instruction. Oxford University Press.
  • Macaro, E., Curle, S., Pun, J., An, J., & Dearden, J. (2018). A systematic review of English medium instruction in higher education. Language Teaching, 51(1), 36–76.
  • Papageorgiou, S. (2010). Linking international examinations to the CEFR: The Trinity College London experience. In W. Martyniuk (Ed.), Aligning Tests with the CEFR. Reflections on using the Council of Europe’s draft Manual (pp. 145–158). Cambridge University Press.
  • Richards, J. C. & Pun, J. (2021). A typology of English-medium instruction. RELC Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220968584
  • Rose, H., Curle, S., Aizawa I., & Thompson, G. (2020). What drives success in English medium taught courses? The interplay between language proficiency, academic skills, and motivation, Studies in Higher Education, 45(11), 2149–2161. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1590690
  • Rose, H., & McKinley, J. (2018). Japan’s English-medium instruction initiatives and the globalisation of higher education. Higher Education, 75(1), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0125-1
  • Selvi, A. F. (2014). The medium-of-instruction debate in Turkey: Oscillating between national ideas and bilingual ideals. Current Issues in Language Planning, 15(2), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2014.898357
  • Soruç, A., Altay, M., Curle, S., & Yuksel, D. (2021). Students’ academic language-related challenges in English Medium Instruction: The role of English proficiency and language gain. System, 103, 102651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102651
  • ÖSYM. (2013). Equivalences of foreign language exams. https://www.osym.gov.tr/Eklenti/ 101,yabanci-dil-esdegerlikleri-250713pdf.pdf?0
  • ÖSYM. (2018). Numerical information on 2018-YDS Spring Term Results. https://dokuman.osym. gov.tr/pdfdokuman/2018/YDSILKBAHAR/SayisalBilgiler26042018.pdf
  • ÖSYM. (2021). International foreign language exams equivalences document. https://dokuman. osym.gov.tr/pdfdokuman/2021/GENEL/esdegerlikdokuman06042021.pdf
  • Sultana, S. (2014). English as a medium of instruction in Bangladesh’s higher education: Empowering or disadvantaging students? Asian EFL Journal, 16, 11–52. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/119231
  • Tannenbaum, R. J., & Wylie, E. C. (2008). Linking English language test scores onto the common European framework of reference: An application of standard setting methodology. ETS Research Report Series, 2008(1), 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.2008.tb02120.x
  • Yen, D. A., & Kuzma, J. (2009). Higher IELTS score, higher academic performance? The validity of IELTS in predicting the academic performance of Chinese students. Worcester Journal of Learning and Teaching, 3, 1–7. https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/id/eprint/811
  • Yuksel, D., Altay, M., & Curle, S. (2022). English Medium Instruction programmes in Turkey: Evidence of exponential growth. In S. Curle, H. Ali, A. Alhassan & S. S. Scatolini (Eds.) English-Medium Instruction in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa: Policy, Research and Pedagogy. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Wächter, B., & Maiworm, F. (2014). English-taught programmes in European higher education: The state of play in 2014. Lemmens Medien. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000350
  • Xi, X., Bridgeman, B., & Wendler, C. (2014). Tests of English for academic purposes in university admissions. In A. J. Kunnan (Ed.), The companion to language assessment (pp. 318–333). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Direct Access to English-Medium Higher Education in Turkey: Variations in Entry Language Scores

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 325 - 345, 27.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1105651

Abstract

The internalization of higher education has led to exponential growth in the number of English-medium (EMI) programs worldwide. The minimum level of English proficiency for prospective EMI students to manage the linguistics demands in these programs has recently been investigated. This study aims to explore the EMI higher education context in Turkey in terms of the language requirements for direct access to EMI undergraduate programs. In this study, 57 Turkish public universities offering EMI undergraduate programs were examined in terms of the language requirements, and the rationale behind setting those standards. The data were collected from the official policy documents and websites of the universities. The results indicated that required language scores are varied and the decisions of setting those scores are not empirically founded. This study implies the need for a common policy for language requirements based on the empirical studies and the international frameworks in Turkish higher education.

References

  • Aizawa, I., Rose, H., Thompson, G., & Curle, S. (2020). Beyond the threshold: Exploring English language proficiency, linguistic challenges, and academic language skills of Japanese students in an English medium instruction programme. Language Teaching Research, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820965510
  • Ayers, J. B., & Quattlebaum, R. F. (1992). TOEFL performance and success in a master’s program in engineering. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 973–975. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164492052004021
  • Aydın, B., Akay, E., Polat M, & Geridönmez, S. (2016). Türkiye’deki hazırlık okullarının yeterlik sınavı uygulamaları ve bilgisayarlı dil ölçme fikrine yaklaşımları [The proficiency exam practices of the preparatory schools in Turkey and their approaches to the idea of computerized language assessment]. Anadolu Üniversitesi sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2),1–20. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.388926
  • Başıbek, N., Dolmacı, M. Cengiz, B.C. , Bür, B. , Dilek, Y., Kara, B. (2014). Lecturers’ perceptions of English medium instruction at engineering departments of higher education: A study on partial English medium instruction at some state universities in Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1819–1825. https://doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.477
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • British Council & TEPAV (2015, November). The state of English in higher education in Turkey: A baseline study. https://www.britishcouncil.org.tr/sites/default/files/he_baseline_study_book_web_-_son.pdf
  • Carlsen, C. H. (2018) The adequacy of the B2 level as university entrance requirement. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2017.1405962
  • Cicillini, S. (2021). English language entry requirements in EMI degree programmes at bachelor level in Italy. 44, 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1285/i22390359v44p53
  • Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dearden, J., & Macaro, E. (2016). Higher education teachers’ attitudes towards English medium instruction: A three-country comparison. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 6(3), 455–486. https://doi:10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.3.5
  • Deygers, B., Zeidler, B., Vilcu, D., & Carlsen, C. H. (2018). One framework to unite them all: Use of the CEFR in European university entrance policies. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(1), 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2016.1261350
  • Green, A. (2018). Linking tests of English for academic purposes to the CEFR: The score user’s perspective. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(1), 59–74 https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2017.1350685
  • Harrington, M., & Roche, T. (2014). Identifying academically at-risk students in an English-as-a-Lingua-Franca university setting. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 15, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2014.05.003
  • Hill, K., Storch, N., & Lynch, B. (1999). A comparison of IELTS and TOEFL as predictors of academic success. English Language Testing System Research Reports, 2, 52–63. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.905454735271041
  • Jeffrey S. J. M., Melchor M. D. R. and Walsh A. S. (2019). Linguistic requirements for students and staff on EMI undergraduate degrees at universities in the Community of Madrid. European Journal of Language Policy, 11(1), 95–107.
  • Kamasak, R., & Ozbilgin, M. (2021). English medium instruction as a vehicle for language teaching or a product for marketing? The case of Turkey. In J.D. Branch & B. Christiansen (Eds.), The marketisation of higher education (pp. 321–341). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67441-0_14
  • Karakaş, A. (2018). Visible language-covert policy: An investigation of language policy documents at EMI universities in Turkey. International Online Journal of Education andTeaching (IOJET), 5(4), 788–807. http://iojet.org/index.php/IOJET/article/view/436/294
  • Kırkgöz, Y. (2019). Globalization and English language policy in Turkey. Educational Policy, 23(5), 663–684. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904808316319
  • Light, R. L., Xu, M., & Mossop, J. (1987). English proficiency and academic performance of international students. TESOL Quarterly, 21(2), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586734
  • Macaro, E. (2018). English medium instruction. Oxford University Press.
  • Macaro, E., Curle, S., Pun, J., An, J., & Dearden, J. (2018). A systematic review of English medium instruction in higher education. Language Teaching, 51(1), 36–76.
  • Papageorgiou, S. (2010). Linking international examinations to the CEFR: The Trinity College London experience. In W. Martyniuk (Ed.), Aligning Tests with the CEFR. Reflections on using the Council of Europe’s draft Manual (pp. 145–158). Cambridge University Press.
  • Richards, J. C. & Pun, J. (2021). A typology of English-medium instruction. RELC Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220968584
  • Rose, H., Curle, S., Aizawa I., & Thompson, G. (2020). What drives success in English medium taught courses? The interplay between language proficiency, academic skills, and motivation, Studies in Higher Education, 45(11), 2149–2161. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1590690
  • Rose, H., & McKinley, J. (2018). Japan’s English-medium instruction initiatives and the globalisation of higher education. Higher Education, 75(1), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0125-1
  • Selvi, A. F. (2014). The medium-of-instruction debate in Turkey: Oscillating between national ideas and bilingual ideals. Current Issues in Language Planning, 15(2), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2014.898357
  • Soruç, A., Altay, M., Curle, S., & Yuksel, D. (2021). Students’ academic language-related challenges in English Medium Instruction: The role of English proficiency and language gain. System, 103, 102651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102651
  • ÖSYM. (2013). Equivalences of foreign language exams. https://www.osym.gov.tr/Eklenti/ 101,yabanci-dil-esdegerlikleri-250713pdf.pdf?0
  • ÖSYM. (2018). Numerical information on 2018-YDS Spring Term Results. https://dokuman.osym. gov.tr/pdfdokuman/2018/YDSILKBAHAR/SayisalBilgiler26042018.pdf
  • ÖSYM. (2021). International foreign language exams equivalences document. https://dokuman. osym.gov.tr/pdfdokuman/2021/GENEL/esdegerlikdokuman06042021.pdf
  • Sultana, S. (2014). English as a medium of instruction in Bangladesh’s higher education: Empowering or disadvantaging students? Asian EFL Journal, 16, 11–52. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/119231
  • Tannenbaum, R. J., & Wylie, E. C. (2008). Linking English language test scores onto the common European framework of reference: An application of standard setting methodology. ETS Research Report Series, 2008(1), 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.2008.tb02120.x
  • Yen, D. A., & Kuzma, J. (2009). Higher IELTS score, higher academic performance? The validity of IELTS in predicting the academic performance of Chinese students. Worcester Journal of Learning and Teaching, 3, 1–7. https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/id/eprint/811
  • Yuksel, D., Altay, M., & Curle, S. (2022). English Medium Instruction programmes in Turkey: Evidence of exponential growth. In S. Curle, H. Ali, A. Alhassan & S. S. Scatolini (Eds.) English-Medium Instruction in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa: Policy, Research and Pedagogy. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Wächter, B., & Maiworm, F. (2014). English-taught programmes in European higher education: The state of play in 2014. Lemmens Medien. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000350
  • Xi, X., Bridgeman, B., & Wendler, C. (2014). Tests of English for academic purposes in university admissions. In A. J. Kunnan (Ed.), The companion to language assessment (pp. 318–333). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Meryem Özdemir-yılmazer 0000-0002-8217-5642

Publication Date October 27, 2022
Submission Date April 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özdemir-yılmazer, M. (2022). Direct Access to English-Medium Higher Education in Turkey: Variations in Entry Language Scores. Journal of Language Education and Research, 8(2), 325-345. https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1105651

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