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Prusias ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği

Year 2018, , 207 - 224, 30.11.2018
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440620

Abstract

Akhilleus Mozaiği, 1950’li yıllarda Prusias ad Hypium kentinin güney tarafındaki bir tarlada tesadüfen bulunmuştur ve kentteki bir Roma villasının zemininde yer almış olan bir taban mozaiğidir. Çok az bir kısmı korunmuş olan mozaik parçası üzerinde üç adet yazıt bulunmaktadır. Bu yazıtta sol başta Genç Kızlar (παρθένοι), ortada Deidameia (Δηιδαμεία) ve onun sağında Purrhos (Πύρρ̣ο[ς]) yazmaktadır. Yazıtlardan da anlaşıldığı gibi bu mozaikte Skyros Adası’nda Kral Lycomedes’in Sarayı’nda Akhilleus’un, Odysseus tarafından ortaya çıkarılması tasvir edilmiştir. Sahnenin sağ üst köşesinde en üstte yazılmış olan Parthenoi yani Antik Yunanca anlamıyla “Genç Kızlar” hikâyenin geçtiği Lykomedes’in Sarayı’ndaki mozaikte arka planda bulunan Lykomedes’in genç kızlarını ima etse de aslında bu sahnenin bu temayı işleyen ve Parthenoi (Genç Kızlar) olarak adlandırılmış tragedya veya pandomim için yazılmış ve günümüze kadar ulaşmamış bir edebi tiyatro eserinin adı olduğunu bize göstermektedir. Aynı durum Zeugma Akhilleus Mozaiği’nde (Quintus Calpurnius Eutykhes Evi’ndeki) de görülmektedir. Bu sahnenin etrafını dalgalı kurdele bandı çevirmektedir. Bundan sonra mozaiği, günlük hayattan iki sahne olan av ve ziyafet sahnesi çevirmiştir. Mozaik en dışta ise geometrik bir bordür ile sonlandırılmıştır. Prusias ad Hypium Akhilleus mozaiği sahip olduğu stilistik ve ikonografik özellikler itibariyle İS 3. yüzyılın ortalarına ait olmalıdır.


References

  • Abed 2007 A. B. Abed, “The Birth of the Mosaic in the Mediterranean Basin”, A. B. Abed (ed.), Stories in Stone, Conserving Mosaics of Roman Africa, Masterpieces from the National Museums of Tunisia, Malibu, 13-30.
  • Ainsworth 1842 W. Fr. Ainsworth, Travels and Researchs in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia, London.
  • Ameling 1985 W. Ameling, Die Inschriften von Prusias ad Hypium, IK 27, Bonn.
  • Angelicoussis 1992 E. Angelicoussis, The Woburn Abbey Collection of Classical Antiquities, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Beeson 1997 A. Beeson, “Achilles on Vectis. A new interpretation of a mosaic panel from Brading, with notes on other Romano-British representations of the subject in mosaic”, Mosaic 24, 13-16. (http://www.asprom.org/resources/Brading/AchillesBeeson.html).
  • Blázquez 2011 J. M. Blázquez, “Mythology in Mosaics of Zeugma and Hispania. Similarities and Differences”, M. Şahin (ed.), XI. Uluslararası Antik Mozaik Sempozyumu, 16-20 Ekim 2009, Bursa, Türkiye, 137-162.
  • Borè 1840 E. Borè, Correspondance et mèmoires d’un voyageur en Orient I, Prusias, Paris.
  • Budde - Nicholls 1964 L. Budde - R. Nicholls, A Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Sculpture in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge, Cambridge.
  • Cimok 2000 F. Cimok, A Corpus Antioch Mosaics, İstanbul.
  • Cosh - Neal 2001 S. R. Cosh - D. S. Neal, “The Corpus of Romano-British Mosaics”, The Bulletin of the Association for Roman Archaeology 11, 6-8.
  • Cramer 1972 J. A. Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor, Amsterdam.
  • Dauphin 1979 C. M. Dauphin, “A Roman Mosaic Pavement from Nablus”, IEJ 29, No. 1, 11-33.
  • Delbarre vd. 2008 S. Delbarre - M. Fuchs - C. A. Paratte, “Achilles on Skyros: Crossing over Architecture, Mosaic and Wall Paint-ing”, M. Şahin (ed.) IV. Uluslararası Türkiye Mozaik Korpusu Sempozyum Bildirileri, Geçmişten Günümüze Mozaik Köprüsü, 6-10 Haziran / June 2007 Gaziantep, Bursa, 35-42.
  • Dmitriev 2005 S. Dmitriev, City Government in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Oxford.
  • Dörner 1952 F. K. Dörner, Bericht über eine Reise in Bithynien. Ausgeführt im Jahre 1948 im Auftrage der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-historische Klasse Denkschriften, Band 75, 1, Wien.
  • Dunbabin 2012 K. M. D. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Fischer 1971 P. Fischer, Mosaic History and Technique, London.
  • Grimal 1997 P. Grimal, Mitoloji Sözlüğü, Yunan ve Roma, (çev. S. Tamgüç), İstanbul.
  • Görkay 2015 K. Görkay, Geçmişten Günümüze Bir Geçit Zeugma, İstanbul.
  • Gülsevil 1971 İ. Gülsevil, “İznik, İzmit, Konuralp, Karadeniz Ereğlisi ve Amasra’nın Sur ve Kapıları”, Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu Belleteni 311, 17-18.
  • Houix vd. 2011 B. Houix – V. Blanc-Bijon – J.Y. Breuil – J. P. Darmon – P. L. De Bellefonds, “Mosaϊques á thèmes mythologiques récemment découvertes sous I’avenue Jean-Jaures á Nimes (France)”, M. Şahin (ed.), XI. Uluslararası Antik Mozaik Sempozyumu, 16-20 Ekim 2009, Bursa, Türkiye, 458-463.
  • Işık 2001 A. Işık, Antik Kaynaklarda Karadeniz Bölgesi, Ankara.
  • Karatağ 2013 M. Karatağ, Klasik Arkeoloji Sözlüğü, Yunan-Roma, Ankara.
  • Koch 2001 G. Koch, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Lahitleri, (çev. Z. Z. İlkgelen), İstanbul.
  • Kossatz-Deissmann 1981 A. Kossatz-Deissmann, “Achilleus”, LIMC I, 54-69.
  • Leonhard 1915 R. Leonhard, Paphlagonia. Reisen und Forschungen im Nördlichen Kleinasien, Berlin.
  • Ling 1998 R. Ling, Ancient Mosaics, Leiden.
  • L’Orange - Nordhagen 1960 H. P. L’Orange – P. J. Nordhagen, Mosaik von der Antike zum Mittelalter, München.
  • Madsen 2009 J. M. Madsen, Eager to be: Greek Response to Roman Rule in Pontus and Bithynia, London.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor I-II, Princeton.
  • Marek 2003 C. Marek, Orbis Provinciarum. Pontus et Bithynia. Die Römischen Provinzen im Norden Kleinasien, Mainz am Rhein.
  • McCann 1978 A. M. McCann, Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Önal 2009 M. Önal, A Corpus Zeugma Mosaics, İstanbul.
  • Ramsay 2010 W. M. Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor, New York.
  • Rodgers 2007 N. Rodgers, Life in Ancient Rome People and Places, London.
  • Rollas 1967 A. N. Rollas, Konuralp-Üskübü Kılavuzu. Guide to Prusias ad Hypium, İstanbul.
  • Sevin 2001 V. Sevin, Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası I, Ankara.
  • Strobel 2001 K. Strobel, “Prusias am Hypios”, Der Neue Pauly Enzyklopadie der Antike 10, 492-493.
  • Şahin 2004 D. Şahin, Amisos Mozaiği, Ankara.
  • Taşlıklıoğlu 1955 Z. Taşlıklıoğlu, “Son Zamanlarda Bulunmuş Olan Birkaç Bithynia Kitabesi”, Belleten s19, 81-97.
  • Trimble 2002 J. F. Trimble, “Greek Myth, Gender, and Social Structure in a Roman House: Two Paintings of Achilles at Pompeii”, Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 1, The Ancient Art of Emulation: Studies in Artistic Originality and Tradition from the Present to Classical Antiquity, 225-248.
  • Tuğrul 1962 L. Tuğrul, “Üskübü’den (Prusias) Yeni Kitabeler”, İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Yıllığı 10, 42-48.
  • Tunay 1969 M. İ. Tunay, “Konuralp”, İstanbul (Belediye) 72, 14 - 29.
  • Tülek 2009 F. Tülek, “Bitinya-Paflagonya Bölgeleri Mozaik Külliyat 2007 Çalışması”, 26. AST 1, 141-146.
  • Vermaseren 1987 M. J. Vermaseren, Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque (CCCA) I. Asia Minor, Leiden.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge.
  • Walker 1990 S. Walker, Catalogue of Roman Sarcophagi in the British Museum, London.
  • Waywell 1979 S. E. Waywell, “Roman Mosaics in Greece”, AJA 83, No. 3, 293-321.
  • Weitzmann 1979 K. Weitzmann (ed.) Age of Spirituality. Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century, New York.
  • Zanker - Ewald 2012 P. Zanker - B. C. Ewald, Living with Myths. The Imagery of Roman Sarcophagi, Oxford.
  • Zeyrek - Çelik 2005 T. H. Zeyrek - G. B. Çelik, Prusias ad Hypium (Kieros), Anadolu’nun Kuzeybatısında Antik Bir Kent. (Konur-alp-Üskübü), İstanbul.
  • Zimmermann - Ladstӓtter 2011 N. Zimmermann - S. Ladstӓtter, Ephesos Duvar Resimleri. Hellenistik Dönemden Bizans Dönemine Kadar, İstanbul.

The Achilles Mosaic of Prusias ad Hypium

Year 2018, , 207 - 224, 30.11.2018
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440620

Abstract

The Mosaic of Achilles was discovered coincidentally in a field in the southern region of Prusias ad Hypium in the 1950s. It is a floor mosaic situated on the ground of a Roman villa in the city. Only a very small part of the mosaic remains on which there are three inscriptions. These inscriptions involve words Young Girls (παρθένοι) on the left, Deidameia (Δηιδαμεία) in the middle and Pyrrhus (Πύρρ̣ο[ς]) on the right. As understood from the inscriptions, this mosaic depicts the discovery of Achilles by Odysseus in King Lycomedes’ palace in Skyros Island. The word Parthenoi meaning Young Girls in ancient Greek written at the top of the upper right corner of the scene implies the young daughters of Lycomedes at the background of the mosaic in Lycomedes’ palace where the story takes place, however it in fact shows the title of a lost literary drama written about this theme for tragedy or pantomime which did not reach the present day. The same situation applies to the Zeugma Achilles Mosaic (at the house of Quintus Calpurnius Eutykhes). The scene is surrounded by a wavy ribbon band. This is followed by hunting and feast scenes both from daily life. Finally, the outermost border is a geometric one. Due to its stylistic and iconographic characteristics, the Prusias ad Hypium Achilles mosaic is estimated to date back to mid-third century AD.


References

  • Abed 2007 A. B. Abed, “The Birth of the Mosaic in the Mediterranean Basin”, A. B. Abed (ed.), Stories in Stone, Conserving Mosaics of Roman Africa, Masterpieces from the National Museums of Tunisia, Malibu, 13-30.
  • Ainsworth 1842 W. Fr. Ainsworth, Travels and Researchs in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia, London.
  • Ameling 1985 W. Ameling, Die Inschriften von Prusias ad Hypium, IK 27, Bonn.
  • Angelicoussis 1992 E. Angelicoussis, The Woburn Abbey Collection of Classical Antiquities, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Beeson 1997 A. Beeson, “Achilles on Vectis. A new interpretation of a mosaic panel from Brading, with notes on other Romano-British representations of the subject in mosaic”, Mosaic 24, 13-16. (http://www.asprom.org/resources/Brading/AchillesBeeson.html).
  • Blázquez 2011 J. M. Blázquez, “Mythology in Mosaics of Zeugma and Hispania. Similarities and Differences”, M. Şahin (ed.), XI. Uluslararası Antik Mozaik Sempozyumu, 16-20 Ekim 2009, Bursa, Türkiye, 137-162.
  • Borè 1840 E. Borè, Correspondance et mèmoires d’un voyageur en Orient I, Prusias, Paris.
  • Budde - Nicholls 1964 L. Budde - R. Nicholls, A Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Sculpture in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge, Cambridge.
  • Cimok 2000 F. Cimok, A Corpus Antioch Mosaics, İstanbul.
  • Cosh - Neal 2001 S. R. Cosh - D. S. Neal, “The Corpus of Romano-British Mosaics”, The Bulletin of the Association for Roman Archaeology 11, 6-8.
  • Cramer 1972 J. A. Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor, Amsterdam.
  • Dauphin 1979 C. M. Dauphin, “A Roman Mosaic Pavement from Nablus”, IEJ 29, No. 1, 11-33.
  • Delbarre vd. 2008 S. Delbarre - M. Fuchs - C. A. Paratte, “Achilles on Skyros: Crossing over Architecture, Mosaic and Wall Paint-ing”, M. Şahin (ed.) IV. Uluslararası Türkiye Mozaik Korpusu Sempozyum Bildirileri, Geçmişten Günümüze Mozaik Köprüsü, 6-10 Haziran / June 2007 Gaziantep, Bursa, 35-42.
  • Dmitriev 2005 S. Dmitriev, City Government in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Oxford.
  • Dörner 1952 F. K. Dörner, Bericht über eine Reise in Bithynien. Ausgeführt im Jahre 1948 im Auftrage der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-historische Klasse Denkschriften, Band 75, 1, Wien.
  • Dunbabin 2012 K. M. D. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Fischer 1971 P. Fischer, Mosaic History and Technique, London.
  • Grimal 1997 P. Grimal, Mitoloji Sözlüğü, Yunan ve Roma, (çev. S. Tamgüç), İstanbul.
  • Görkay 2015 K. Görkay, Geçmişten Günümüze Bir Geçit Zeugma, İstanbul.
  • Gülsevil 1971 İ. Gülsevil, “İznik, İzmit, Konuralp, Karadeniz Ereğlisi ve Amasra’nın Sur ve Kapıları”, Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu Belleteni 311, 17-18.
  • Houix vd. 2011 B. Houix – V. Blanc-Bijon – J.Y. Breuil – J. P. Darmon – P. L. De Bellefonds, “Mosaϊques á thèmes mythologiques récemment découvertes sous I’avenue Jean-Jaures á Nimes (France)”, M. Şahin (ed.), XI. Uluslararası Antik Mozaik Sempozyumu, 16-20 Ekim 2009, Bursa, Türkiye, 458-463.
  • Işık 2001 A. Işık, Antik Kaynaklarda Karadeniz Bölgesi, Ankara.
  • Karatağ 2013 M. Karatağ, Klasik Arkeoloji Sözlüğü, Yunan-Roma, Ankara.
  • Koch 2001 G. Koch, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Lahitleri, (çev. Z. Z. İlkgelen), İstanbul.
  • Kossatz-Deissmann 1981 A. Kossatz-Deissmann, “Achilleus”, LIMC I, 54-69.
  • Leonhard 1915 R. Leonhard, Paphlagonia. Reisen und Forschungen im Nördlichen Kleinasien, Berlin.
  • Ling 1998 R. Ling, Ancient Mosaics, Leiden.
  • L’Orange - Nordhagen 1960 H. P. L’Orange – P. J. Nordhagen, Mosaik von der Antike zum Mittelalter, München.
  • Madsen 2009 J. M. Madsen, Eager to be: Greek Response to Roman Rule in Pontus and Bithynia, London.
  • Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor I-II, Princeton.
  • Marek 2003 C. Marek, Orbis Provinciarum. Pontus et Bithynia. Die Römischen Provinzen im Norden Kleinasien, Mainz am Rhein.
  • McCann 1978 A. M. McCann, Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Önal 2009 M. Önal, A Corpus Zeugma Mosaics, İstanbul.
  • Ramsay 2010 W. M. Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor, New York.
  • Rodgers 2007 N. Rodgers, Life in Ancient Rome People and Places, London.
  • Rollas 1967 A. N. Rollas, Konuralp-Üskübü Kılavuzu. Guide to Prusias ad Hypium, İstanbul.
  • Sevin 2001 V. Sevin, Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası I, Ankara.
  • Strobel 2001 K. Strobel, “Prusias am Hypios”, Der Neue Pauly Enzyklopadie der Antike 10, 492-493.
  • Şahin 2004 D. Şahin, Amisos Mozaiği, Ankara.
  • Taşlıklıoğlu 1955 Z. Taşlıklıoğlu, “Son Zamanlarda Bulunmuş Olan Birkaç Bithynia Kitabesi”, Belleten s19, 81-97.
  • Trimble 2002 J. F. Trimble, “Greek Myth, Gender, and Social Structure in a Roman House: Two Paintings of Achilles at Pompeii”, Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 1, The Ancient Art of Emulation: Studies in Artistic Originality and Tradition from the Present to Classical Antiquity, 225-248.
  • Tuğrul 1962 L. Tuğrul, “Üskübü’den (Prusias) Yeni Kitabeler”, İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Yıllığı 10, 42-48.
  • Tunay 1969 M. İ. Tunay, “Konuralp”, İstanbul (Belediye) 72, 14 - 29.
  • Tülek 2009 F. Tülek, “Bitinya-Paflagonya Bölgeleri Mozaik Külliyat 2007 Çalışması”, 26. AST 1, 141-146.
  • Vermaseren 1987 M. J. Vermaseren, Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque (CCCA) I. Asia Minor, Leiden.
  • Vermeule 1968 C. C. Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, Cambridge.
  • Walker 1990 S. Walker, Catalogue of Roman Sarcophagi in the British Museum, London.
  • Waywell 1979 S. E. Waywell, “Roman Mosaics in Greece”, AJA 83, No. 3, 293-321.
  • Weitzmann 1979 K. Weitzmann (ed.) Age of Spirituality. Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century, New York.
  • Zanker - Ewald 2012 P. Zanker - B. C. Ewald, Living with Myths. The Imagery of Roman Sarcophagi, Oxford.
  • Zeyrek - Çelik 2005 T. H. Zeyrek - G. B. Çelik, Prusias ad Hypium (Kieros), Anadolu’nun Kuzeybatısında Antik Bir Kent. (Konur-alp-Üskübü), İstanbul.
  • Zimmermann - Ladstӓtter 2011 N. Zimmermann - S. Ladstӓtter, Ephesos Duvar Resimleri. Hellenistik Dönemden Bizans Dönemine Kadar, İstanbul.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Archaeology
Journal Section Article
Authors

S. Sezin Sezer This is me 0000-0002-2844-0513

Publication Date November 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Sezer, S. S. (2018). Prusias ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği. Journal of Mosaic Research(11), 207-224. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440620
AMA Sezer SS. Prusias ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği. JMR. November 2018;(11):207-224. doi:10.26658/jmr.440620
Chicago Sezer, S. Sezin. “Prusias Ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 11 (November 2018): 207-24. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440620.
EndNote Sezer SS (November 1, 2018) Prusias ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği. Journal of Mosaic Research 11 207–224.
IEEE S. S. Sezer, “Prusias ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği”, JMR, no. 11, pp. 207–224, November 2018, doi: 10.26658/jmr.440620.
ISNAD Sezer, S. Sezin. “Prusias Ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği”. Journal of Mosaic Research 11 (November 2018), 207-224. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440620.
JAMA Sezer SS. Prusias ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği. JMR. 2018;:207–224.
MLA Sezer, S. Sezin. “Prusias Ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 11, 2018, pp. 207-24, doi:10.26658/jmr.440620.
Vancouver Sezer SS. Prusias ad Hypium Akhilleus Mozaiği. JMR. 2018(11):207-24.

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