Research Article
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An Analysis on the Ways Brands Are Featured in Celebrity Posts on Instagram and the Level of Sponsorship Disclosure

Year 2021, , 1 - 22, 15.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.773238

Abstract

Brands are partnering with celebrities in both traditional and new media. Instagram is one of the widely used social media platforms where brands are trying to reach their target audiences. Celebrities are using this platform not only to connect with their fans, but also partner with brands. This study examines the posts made by Turkish celebrities on Instagram and aims to reveal the ways brands are featured in these posts. In addition, this study aims to reveal the level of sponsorship disclosure on these posts. 354 posts of 36 celebrities were found to include a visible or audible brand name, logo, slogan or an identifiable product and product package. Most prominent way of featuring a brand in a post was found to be “@mention” with 62,7%. It was also found that in 66,9% of the posts, celebrity was pictured with the brand. Out of the 354 branded posts made by celebrities, only 3,7% found to be including a sponsorship disclosure although regulations prohibit covert advertising and stipulates disclosure of product placement.

References

  • Arens, W., & Weigold, M. F. (2018). Advertising. New York: McGraw-Hil.
  • Aslan, A., & Ünlü, D. G. (2016). Instagram fenomenleri ve reklam ilişkisi: Instagram fenomenlerinin gözünden bir değerlendirme. Maltepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 41-65.
  • Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (2018). Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Boerman, S. C., van Reijmersdal, E. A., & Neijens, P. C. (2012). Sponsorship disclosure: Effects of duration on persuasion knowledge and brand responses. Journal of Communication, 62, 1047–1064.
  • Boerman, S. C., van Reijmersdal, E. A., & Neijens, P. C. (2014). Effects of sponsorship disclosure timing on the processing of sponsored content: A study on the effectiveness of European disclosure regulations. Psychology and Marketing, 31(3), 214-224.
  • Campbell, C., & Evans, N. J. (2018). The role of a companion banner and sponsorship transparency in recognizing and evaluating article-style native advertising. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 43, 17-32.
  • Chacon. (2017). FTC how to properly disclose sponsored Instagram posts according to the FTC. Retrieved November 23, 2017, from https://later.com/blog/sponsored-instagram-posts/
  • Childers, C. C., Lemon, L. L., & Hoy, M. G. (2019). #Sponsored #Ad: Agency perspective on influencer marketing campaigns. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 4(3), 258-274.
  • Clement, J. (2020, May 14). Instagram - statistics & facts . Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/topics/1882/instagram/
  • Drake, P., & Miah, A. (2010). The cultural politics of celebrity. Cultural Politics, 6(1), 49-64.
  • Erdogan, B. Z. (1999). Celebrity endorsement: a literature review. Journal of Marketing Management(15), 291-314.
  • Evans, N. J., Phua, J., Lim, J., & Jun, H. (2017). Disclosing Instagram influencer advertising: The effects of disclosure language on advertising recognition, attitudes, and behavioral intent. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 17(2).
  • Instagram. (2017). Two million monthly advertisers on Instagram. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from Instagram: https://business.instagram.com/blog/welcoming-two-million-advertisers
  • Kardes, F. R., Cline, T. W., & Cronley, M. L. (2011). Consumer behavior. Mason: Cengage Learning.
  • McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 310–321.
  • Mediakix. (n.d.). Celebrity influencer marketing: How brands win with the world’s biggest stars. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://mediakix.com/blog/celebrity-influencer-marketing-instagram-examples
  • Miles, J. G. (2014). Instagram power. New York: Mc Graw Hill.
  • Özdemir, S. S., & Doğanay, M. Z. (2019). Bir mecra olarak sosyal medyanın reklam hukuku açısından değerlendirilmesi. Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi Dergisi, 7(13), 295-337.
  • Öztürk, E., Şener, G., & Süher, H. (2016). Sosyal medya çağında ürün yerleştirme: Instagram ve instabloggerlar üzerine bir içerik analizi. Global Media Journal TR Edition, 6(12), 355-386.
  • Page-Winterich, K. G., & Grewal, R. (2018). When celebrities count: Power distance beliefs and celebrity endorsements. Journal of Marketing, 82(3), 70–86.
  • Quesenberry, K. A. (2019). Social media strategy. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Schiffman, L. G., Kanuk, L. L., & Hansen, H. (2012). Consumer behaviour a European outlook. Harlow: Pearson.
  • Shimp, T. A., & Andrews, J. C. (2013). Integrated marketing communications. Mason: Cengage Learning.
  • Solomon, M. R. (2018). Consumer behavior buying, having and being. Boston: Pearson.
  • Statista. (2020). Retrieved July 15, 2020, from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/433871/daily-social-media-usage-worldwide/
  • Ticari reklam ve haksız ticari uygulamalar yönetmeliği. (2015). Retrieved June 29, 2020, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=20435&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • van Reijmersdal, E. A., Fransen, L., M., van Noort, G., Opree, S. J., Vandeberg, L., . . . Boerman, S. C. (2016). Effects of disclosing sponsored content in blogs: How the use of resistance strategies mediates effects on persuasion. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(12), 1458-1474.
  • Yayın hizmeti usul ve esasları hakkında yönetmelik. (2011). Retrieved June 29, 2020, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=15508&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Yıldız, E., & Avcı, İ. (2019). Instagram fenomenlerinin görsel ve sözel paylaşımlarının marka tutumu, marka değiştirme ve elektronik kulaktan kulağa pazarlama üzerine etkisi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 25, 179-198.

Ünlülerin Instagram Gönderilerinde Markalara Yer Verme Biçimleri ve Sponsorluk Bildirimi Yapma Düzeylerine Dair Bir Analiz

Year 2021, , 1 - 22, 15.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.773238

Abstract

Markalar ünlülerle hem geleneksel hem de yeni medya ortamlarında işbirlikleri gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu yeni ortamlardan biri olan Instagram ünlüler tarafından sadece hayranları ile bağ kurmak için değil, aynı zamanda markalarla anlaşmalı pazarlama iletişimi çalışmaları yapmak için de kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma Türk ünlülerin Instagram’da yaptıkları paylaşımları ele almaktadır. Çalışmada ünlülerin Instagram gönderilerinde markalara yer verme biçimlerinin ve sponsorluk bildirimi yapma düzeylerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada bir milyondan fazla takipçisi olan 36 ünlü ele alınmış, bu ünlülerin toplam 354 gönderisinin görüntülü ya da sesli olarak bir marka adı, logosu, sloganı ya da tanınabilir bir ürün ya da ürün ambalajı içerdiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Bir markanın gönderilerde yer alma biçimleri arasında %62,7 ile en yaygın olanın “@mention” olduğu, bunu %39 ile hashtag’lerin izlediği bulunmuştur. Bunlara ek olarak, gönderilerin %66,9’unda ünlü ile ürünün birlikte görüldüğü bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. İlgili yönetmelikler örtülü reklamı yasaklamakta ve ürün yerleştirmelerde açıklamayı şart koşmakta olduğu halde ünlülerin yaptığı 354 markalı gönderinin sadece %3,7’sinde sponsorluk bildiriminin bulunduğu görülmüştür.

References

  • Arens, W., & Weigold, M. F. (2018). Advertising. New York: McGraw-Hil.
  • Aslan, A., & Ünlü, D. G. (2016). Instagram fenomenleri ve reklam ilişkisi: Instagram fenomenlerinin gözünden bir değerlendirme. Maltepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 41-65.
  • Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (2018). Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Boerman, S. C., van Reijmersdal, E. A., & Neijens, P. C. (2012). Sponsorship disclosure: Effects of duration on persuasion knowledge and brand responses. Journal of Communication, 62, 1047–1064.
  • Boerman, S. C., van Reijmersdal, E. A., & Neijens, P. C. (2014). Effects of sponsorship disclosure timing on the processing of sponsored content: A study on the effectiveness of European disclosure regulations. Psychology and Marketing, 31(3), 214-224.
  • Campbell, C., & Evans, N. J. (2018). The role of a companion banner and sponsorship transparency in recognizing and evaluating article-style native advertising. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 43, 17-32.
  • Chacon. (2017). FTC how to properly disclose sponsored Instagram posts according to the FTC. Retrieved November 23, 2017, from https://later.com/blog/sponsored-instagram-posts/
  • Childers, C. C., Lemon, L. L., & Hoy, M. G. (2019). #Sponsored #Ad: Agency perspective on influencer marketing campaigns. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 4(3), 258-274.
  • Clement, J. (2020, May 14). Instagram - statistics & facts . Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/topics/1882/instagram/
  • Drake, P., & Miah, A. (2010). The cultural politics of celebrity. Cultural Politics, 6(1), 49-64.
  • Erdogan, B. Z. (1999). Celebrity endorsement: a literature review. Journal of Marketing Management(15), 291-314.
  • Evans, N. J., Phua, J., Lim, J., & Jun, H. (2017). Disclosing Instagram influencer advertising: The effects of disclosure language on advertising recognition, attitudes, and behavioral intent. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 17(2).
  • Instagram. (2017). Two million monthly advertisers on Instagram. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from Instagram: https://business.instagram.com/blog/welcoming-two-million-advertisers
  • Kardes, F. R., Cline, T. W., & Cronley, M. L. (2011). Consumer behavior. Mason: Cengage Learning.
  • McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 310–321.
  • Mediakix. (n.d.). Celebrity influencer marketing: How brands win with the world’s biggest stars. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://mediakix.com/blog/celebrity-influencer-marketing-instagram-examples
  • Miles, J. G. (2014). Instagram power. New York: Mc Graw Hill.
  • Özdemir, S. S., & Doğanay, M. Z. (2019). Bir mecra olarak sosyal medyanın reklam hukuku açısından değerlendirilmesi. Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi Dergisi, 7(13), 295-337.
  • Öztürk, E., Şener, G., & Süher, H. (2016). Sosyal medya çağında ürün yerleştirme: Instagram ve instabloggerlar üzerine bir içerik analizi. Global Media Journal TR Edition, 6(12), 355-386.
  • Page-Winterich, K. G., & Grewal, R. (2018). When celebrities count: Power distance beliefs and celebrity endorsements. Journal of Marketing, 82(3), 70–86.
  • Quesenberry, K. A. (2019). Social media strategy. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Schiffman, L. G., Kanuk, L. L., & Hansen, H. (2012). Consumer behaviour a European outlook. Harlow: Pearson.
  • Shimp, T. A., & Andrews, J. C. (2013). Integrated marketing communications. Mason: Cengage Learning.
  • Solomon, M. R. (2018). Consumer behavior buying, having and being. Boston: Pearson.
  • Statista. (2020). Retrieved July 15, 2020, from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/433871/daily-social-media-usage-worldwide/
  • Ticari reklam ve haksız ticari uygulamalar yönetmeliği. (2015). Retrieved June 29, 2020, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=20435&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • van Reijmersdal, E. A., Fransen, L., M., van Noort, G., Opree, S. J., Vandeberg, L., . . . Boerman, S. C. (2016). Effects of disclosing sponsored content in blogs: How the use of resistance strategies mediates effects on persuasion. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(12), 1458-1474.
  • Yayın hizmeti usul ve esasları hakkında yönetmelik. (2011). Retrieved June 29, 2020, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=15508&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Yıldız, E., & Avcı, İ. (2019). Instagram fenomenlerinin görsel ve sözel paylaşımlarının marka tutumu, marka değiştirme ve elektronik kulaktan kulağa pazarlama üzerine etkisi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 25, 179-198.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Güldane Zengin 0000-0001-6816-1618

A. Mücahid Zengin 0000-0002-1976-2748

Publication Date January 15, 2021
Submission Date July 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Zengin, G., & Zengin, A. M. (2021). An Analysis on the Ways Brands Are Featured in Celebrity Posts on Instagram and the Level of Sponsorship Disclosure. Selçuk İletişim, 14(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.773238