Research Article

Investigation of Secondary School Students' Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study

Volume: 27 Number: 2 June 1, 2026
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Investigation of Secondary School Students' Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study

Abstract

This study examined middle school students’ perceptions of school climate in relation to school type and grade level. An exploratory mixed-methods design was employed, beginning with the collection of quantitative data, followed by qualitative data to deepen the findings. In the quantitative phase, a causal-comparative method was used, while a case study approach was adopted in the qualitative phase. The quantitative sample consisted of 637 students enrolled in four middle schools—two representing higher and two representing lower socioeconomic levels—in the Çankaya district of Ankara during the 2022–2023 academic year. The participating students were in 5th and 8th grades, with an average age of 10 for 5th graders and 13 for 8th graders. The qualitative data were collected through interviews with four teachers from each school, totaling 16 participants. Of these teachers, eight were female and eight were male. According to the findings, there were no statistically significant differences in students’ perceptions of school climate—specifically in the subdimensions of supportive teacher behaviors, achievement orientation, and safe learning environment—based on gender. However, significant differences were observed by grade level, with 5th-grade students reporting more positive perceptions of school climate compared to 8th-grade students. Additionally, students’ perceptions of school climate varied according to the socioeconomic status of their schools. In schools located in lower socioeconomic areas, students reported more positive perceptions of the dimensions of supportive teacher behaviors and achievement orientation. This finding stands out as it contrasts with existing literature. The study's results were discussed in the context of current research and their implications for educational policy.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Specialist Studies in Education (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 1, 2026

Submission Date

October 8, 2024

Acceptance Date

October 20, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 27 Number: 2

APA
Akgöz, E. E., Şahin, F., Erdoğan, O., & Yüzer, A. (2026). Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 454-484. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1563308
AMA
1.Akgöz EE, Şahin F, Erdoğan O, Yüzer A. Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study. KEFAD. 2026;27(2):454-484. doi:10.29299/kefad.1563308
Chicago
Akgöz, Ersin Eren, Fatih Şahin, Onur Erdoğan, and Ali Yüzer. 2026. “Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study”. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 27 (2): 454-84. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1563308.
EndNote
Akgöz EE, Şahin F, Erdoğan O, Yüzer A (June 1, 2026) Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 27 2 454–484.
IEEE
[1]E. E. Akgöz, F. Şahin, O. Erdoğan, and A. Yüzer, “Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study”, KEFAD, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 454–484, June 2026, doi: 10.29299/kefad.1563308.
ISNAD
Akgöz, Ersin Eren - Şahin, Fatih - Erdoğan, Onur - Yüzer, Ali. “Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study”. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 27/2 (June 1, 2026): 454-484. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1563308.
JAMA
1.Akgöz EE, Şahin F, Erdoğan O, Yüzer A. Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study. KEFAD. 2026;27:454–484.
MLA
Akgöz, Ersin Eren, et al. “Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study”. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 454-8, doi:10.29299/kefad.1563308.
Vancouver
1.Ersin Eren Akgöz, Fatih Şahin, Onur Erdoğan, Ali Yüzer. Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of School Climate According to School and Class Level: A Case Study. KEFAD. 2026 Jun. 1;27(2):454-8. doi:10.29299/kefad.1563308