ERGENLER İÇİN OSTRASIZM (SOSYAL DIŞLANMA) ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLANMASI

Year 2016, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 895 - 904, 15.07.2016

Ahmet Akın Recep Uysal Ümran Akın

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı Ergenler için Ostrasizm (Sosyal dışlanma) Ölçeğinin (Gilman, Carter-Sowell, Dewall, Adams, & Carboni, 2013) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliğini incelemektir. Araştırma 306 lise öğrencisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde 11 maddeden ve iki alt boyuttan (önemsenmeme ve dışlanma) oluşan modelin iyi uyum verdiği görülmüştür (x²=80.64, sd=41, RMSEA=.056, NFI=.96, NNFI=.97, CFI=.98, IFI=.98, RFI=.95, GFI=.95, SRMR=.048). Ölçeğin faktör yükleri .71 ile .88, madde toplam korelasyon katsayıları ise .51 ile .70 arasında sıralanmaktadır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayıları önemsenmeme alt ölçeği için .93, dışlanma alt ölçeği için .90, ölçeğin bütünü için .89 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar ölçeğin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Ostrasizm (Sosyal dışlanma), geçerlik, güvenirlik, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi

THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF TURKISH VERSION OF THE OSTRACISM EXPERIENCE SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS

Abstract

This study investigated the validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents (Gilman, Carter-Sowell, DeWall, Adams, & Carboni, 2013). The sample of study consists of 306 students. Results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the elevenitems loaded on two factors (ignored and excluded) and the two-dimensional model was well fit (x²=80.64, df=41, RMSEA=.056, NFI=.96, NNFI=.97, CFI=.98, IFI=.98, RFI=.95, GFI=.95, SRMR=.048). Factor loadings ranged from .71 to .88 and the corrected item-total correlations of OES-A ranged from .51 to .70. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were .93 for ignored subscale, .90 for excluded subscale, and .89 for overall scale. These results demonstrate that this scale is a valid and reliable instrument.

Keywords

Ostracism, validity, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis

References

• Armstrong, J. G., & Roth, D. M. (1989). Attachment and separation difficulties: A preliminary investigation. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8(2), 141-155.
• Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attach- ments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
• Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D., Neckerman, H. J., & Ferguson, L. L. (1989). Growth and aggres- sion: I. Childhood to early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 25, 320-330.
• Coplan, R. J., Prakash, K., O’Neil, K., & Armer, M. (2004). Do you “want” to play? Distin- guishing between conflicted-shyness and social disinterest in early childhood. Develop- mental Psychology, 40, 244–258.
• Diarof, A. (2010). Ostracism and aggression: Influence of increasing provocation by pers on aggressive behaviour after acute experience of ostracism. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Universitat Trier, Trier.
• Dixon, R. (2007). Ostracism: One of the many causes of bullying in groups? Journal of Scho- ol Violence, 6, 3–26.
• Eisenberger, N. I. (2006). Identifying the neural correlates underlying social pain: implicati- ons for developmental processes. Human Development, 49, 273–93.
• Gazelle, H., & Ladd, G. W. (2003). Anxious solitude and peer exclusion: A diathesis–stress model of internalizing trajectories in childhood. Child Development, 74, 257–278.
• Gilman, R., Carter-Sowell A., DeWall, N., Adams, R., & Carboni I. (2013). Validation of the Ostracism Experiences Scale for adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 319-330.
• Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structural analy- sis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
• Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8 reference guide. Lincolnwood, IL: Scien tific Software International.
• Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Garner, W., Speicher, C., Penn, G. M., Holliday, J., & Glaser, R. (1984). Psychosocial modifiers of immunocompetence in medical students. Psychosomatic Me- dicine, 46(1), 7-14.
• Kurzban, R., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 187-208.
• Laursen, B., & Hafen, C. A. (2010). Future directions in the study of close relationships: Conf- lict is bad (except when it’s not). Social Development, 19, 858–872.
• Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., Smith, L., & Phillips, S. (2003). Teasing, rejection, and violen- ce: Case studies of the school shootings. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 202–214.
• Omay, U. (2007). Tüccar sınıfın Protestan hareketi desteklemesinin Maslow’un, ihtiyaçlar hiyerar- şisi yaklaşımı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 52, 231-243.
• Özdamar, K. (2004). Paket programlar ile istatistik veri analizi 1. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
• Sebastian, C., Viding, E., Williams, K. D., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2010). Social brain development and the affective consequences of ostracism in adolescence. Brain and Cognition, 72, 134–145.
• Sipahi, B. Yurtkoru, E. S., & Çinko, M. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS’le veri analizi. İstan- bul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
• Smith, A., & Williams, K. D. (2004). R U there? Ostracism by cell phone text messages. Gro- up dynamics: Theory, research, and practice, 8, 291–301
• Stout, J. G.(2009). When he doesn’t mean you: Gender-exclusive language as a form of subtle ostra- cism. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Massachusetts.
• Şimşek, M.Ş., Akgemici, T., & Çelik, A. (2001). Davranış bilimlerine giriş ve örgütlerde davranış.Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
• Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism: The kiss of social death. Social and Personality Psycho- logy Compass, 1, 236–247.
• Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: A temporal need-threat model. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Ad- vances in experimental social psychology (s. 279–314). New York, NY: Academic Press.
• Williams, K. D., & Nida, S. A. (2011). Ostracism: Consequences and coping. Current Direc- tions in Psychological Science, 20, 71–75.
• Williams, K. D., Cheung, C. K. T., & Choi, W. (2000). CyberOstracism: Effects of being ignored over the Internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 748–762.
• Witvliet, M., Brendgen, M., Van Lier, P. A. C., Koot, H. M., & Vitaro, F. (2010). Early ado- lescent depressive symptoms: Prediction from clique isolation, loneliness, and perceived social acceptance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 1045–1056.
• Zadro, L., Williams, K.,& Richardson, R. (2004). How low can you go? Ostracism by a com- puter is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(4), 560-567.