Mimari Yapılarda Kullanılabilecek Doğa Temelli Tasarım Yaklaşımlarının İrdelenmesi

Abstract

Bu makalenin temel amacı; doğa ile uyumlu bir yapının tasarlanmasına dair mevcut modelleri dikkate alarak yeni bir model geliştirmektir. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında birleşik-doğa temelli stratejiler; organik mimarlık, biyonik mimarlık, biyomimikri ve biyofilik mimari yaklaşımları irdelenmiştir. Mimari tasarıma doğal çevrenin dahil edilebilmesinde etkili olabileceği düşünülen tasarım ilkeleri; literatür taraması sonucunda bina formu, yapının çevresi ile ilişkisi, mekânda doğa ile tasarım, malzeme kullanımı, enerji, mekânın konforu ve algısı olarak belirlemiştir. Ardından Pritzker ödüllü beş mimar ve üçer yapısı seçilmiş belirlenen ilkelerin bu yapılardaki gerçekleşme oranları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; doğal malzeme kullanımı, pasif enerji ve mekân konforu ve algısı (korku kriteri hariç), bina formunda form ve fonksiyon birliği kriterlerininin çoğunlukla karşılandığı; yapının çevresi ile ilişkisi parametresinde, doğal ortama uyum, toprak kullanımı, ışık havuzları kullanım kriterlerinin karşılanmadığı gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Tasarımda Doğa
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Mekân Konforu
• Mimari Tasarım

A Review Of Nature-Inspired Design Methods Applicable To Architectural Structures

Abstract

The main objective of this article is to develop a new model by considering existing models for designing structures that are in harmony with nature. To this end, the study examines integrated nature-based strategies, including organic architecture, bionic architecture, biomimicry, and biophilic architecture approaches. Design principles that are thought to be effective in incorporating the natural environment into architectural design were identified through a literature review as building form, the relationship between the structure and its surroundings, design with nature in space, material use, energy, and the comfort and perception of space. Five Pritzker Prize-winning architects and three of their structures were then selected, and the extent to which the identified principles were realized in these structures was evaluated. The study found that the criteria of natural material use, passive energy, and spatial comfort and perception (excluding the fear criterion) were mostly met in terms of building form and the unity of form and function. However, it was observed that the criteria of harmony with the natural environment, land use, and use of light wells were not met in terms of the building's relationship with its surroundings.

Keywords

• Nature in Design
• Sustainability
• Space Comfort
• Architectural Design

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