Research Article

Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism

Volume: 19 Number: 8 October 30, 2026
TR EN

Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism

Abstract

Co-working spaces, freelance platforms, and entrepreneurial ecosystems have become prominent symbols of innovation, flexibility, and entrepreneurial autonomy. Yet when these infrastructures operate amid unequal access to mobility, capital, digital connectivity, and social networks, they can reproduce existing social and spatial inequalities. This article examines youth unemployment and the exclusion of NEET (not in employment, education, or training) youth in Turkey through debates on the entrepreneurial self, spatial and epistemic justice, platform cooperativism, and cooperative AI. Official youth indicators and existing innovation policies in Turkey are considered alongside institutional examples offered by Barcelona’s Ateneu de Fabricació network and Seoul Youth Hub. The analysis shows how central location, fee-based access, competitive selection, care responsibilities, limited connectivity, and symbolic non-belonging can keep NEET youth outside spaces where technological futures are imagined and produced. In response, the article proposes a policy framework built around neighborhood-based, publicly supported maker spaces and community AI hubs in which young people participate directly in governance. Collective or multi-stakeholder ownership, free or subsidized participation, project-based learning, care and safeguarding arrangements, community data rights, and technological production oriented toward local problems form complementary elements of this model. The article’s principal contribution is to reconceptualize co-working not as a productivity environment for entrepreneurial elites, but as civic infrastructure through which NEET youth can develop technical agency, belonging, and democratic capacity.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

There is no institution supporting this study. No financial support was received.

Ethical Statement

There is no conflict of interest before or after publication in this study. Ethics committee approval is not required for this study. The signed consent form related to this has been added to the manuscript process file.

Thanks

There is no person or institution to be acknowledged.

References

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  2. Ahl, H., & Marlow, S. (2021). Exploring the false promise of entrepreneurship through a postfeminist critique of enterprise policy discourse in Sweden and the UK. Human Relations, 74(1), 41-68.
  3. Akgül, T. (2025). Family matters: Exploring gendered pathways into NEET status in Türkiye. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(3), 575-603.
  4. Alves, A., Klaus, V., & Loureiro, C. B. (2021). From dream to achievement: Entrepreneurial pedagogy, making education entrepreneurial, and neoliberal rationality. Educação e Pesquisa, 47, e226115.
  5. Avander, T. (2025). The privileged appeal of freedom: Digital nomadism in Portugal [Master’s thesis, Lund University]. Lund University Student Papers. https://lup.lub.lu.se/studentpapers/search/publication/9203418
  6. Ayaz, A., & Karacan Özdemir, N. (2023). A case study of a Turkish vocational high school, and the challenges for teachers. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 75(3), 459-478.
  7. Bandinelli, C. (2020). The production of subjectivity in neoliberal culture industries: The case of coworking spaces. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(1), 3-19.
  8. Barabasch, A., & Petrick, S. (2016). Multi-level policy transfer in Turkey and its impact on the development of the vocational education and training sector. In Global Reconstructions of Vocational Education and Training (pp. 119-144). Routledge.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Urbanization Policies, Urban Policy, Policy and Administration (Other), Social Policy (Other), Urban Sociology and Community Studies, Sociology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 30, 2026

Submission Date

December 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 8

APA
Urhan, C. (2026). Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism. Kent Akademisi, 19(8), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1843642
AMA
1.Urhan C. Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism. Urban Academy. 2026;19(8):1-11. doi:10.35674/kent.1843642
Chicago
Urhan, Canan. 2026. “Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism”. Kent Akademisi 19 (8): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1843642.
EndNote
Urhan C (October 1, 2026) Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism. Kent Akademisi 19 8 1–11.
IEEE
[1]C. Urhan, “Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism”, Urban Academy, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1–11, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.35674/kent.1843642.
ISNAD
Urhan, Canan. “Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism”. Kent Akademisi 19/8 (October 1, 2026): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1843642.
JAMA
1.Urhan C. Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism. Urban Academy. 2026;19:1–11.
MLA
Urhan, Canan. “Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism”. Kent Akademisi, vol. 19, no. 8, Oct. 2026, pp. 1-11, doi:10.35674/kent.1843642.
Vancouver
1.Canan Urhan. Rethinking Co-Working: Inclusive Innovation Beyond Startup Myths and Entrepreneurial Elitism. Urban Academy. 2026 Oct. 1;19(8):1-11. doi:10.35674/kent.1843642

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