Research Article

Protection of Urban Rights within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid

Volume: 19 Number: 6 August 12, 2026
TR EN

Protection of Urban Rights within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid

Abstract

This article examines urban rights as the spatial realization of universal human rights and local-democracy standards within the Council of Europe (CoE) system, rather than as nationality-based privileges. The study compares Ankara and Madrid to assess how CoE norms are translated into domestic law, municipal institutions, and rights-sensitive urban governance. Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative comparative case-study design based on a coded documentary dataset. Treaty texts, ECtHR case law, Congress monitoring reports, national legal provisions, municipal strategic plans, open-data platforms, participation instruments, and selected policy-output documents are coded across five dimensions: participation and transparency, social rights and housing, environment and quality of life, non-discrimination and inclusion, and digital rights/data protection. The scoring used in the comparative matrix is explicitly defined as a qualitative indicator of normative and institutional alignment; it is not a measurement of social outcomes or service performance. The findings show that Madrid displays stronger institutionalization through fuller social-rights supervision, a decentralized governance setting, EU data-protection and open-government layers, participatory budgeting, open-data practices, accessibility planning, social-service strategies, and climate-governance tools. Ankara has a significant constitutional basis for CoE standards and visible municipal instruments such as the city council, open-data initiatives, social-service programmes, equality planning, and climate-related planning; however, central-local competence overlaps, limited binding feedback loops, and the absence of regularly budgeted participatory decision mechanisms constrain local implementation. The article concludes by proposing a rights-based monitoring framework for Ankara that links participation, open data, social rights, environmental governance, inclusion, and digital-rights impact assessment.

Keywords

References

  1. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. (2022). Ankara ili yerel iklim değişikliği eylem planı. https://s.ankara.bel.tr/files/2022/06/22/0b663954d523bfee1d1e1d5fa66a082f.pdf
  2. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. (2025a). 2025–2029 strategic plan of Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. https://s.ankara.bel.tr/files/2025/02/03/7c51bb8e47cc1ae7dba19d0c0c7d16af.pdf
  3. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. (2025b). 2025 performance program. https://www.ankara.bel.tr/dokumanlar/plan-ve-raporlar/performans-programlari
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  5. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. (2026b). Yerel Eşitlik Eylem Planı 2025–2028. https://www.ankara.bel.tr/duyurular/yerel-esitlik-eylem-plani-2025-2028-1376
  6. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. (n.d.). Şeffaf Ankara and open data platform. Retrieved May 23, 2026, from https://www.ankara.bel.tr/mobil-uygulamalar/seffaf-ankara
  7. Attoh, K. A. (2011). What kind of right is the right to the city? Progress in Human Geography, 35(5), 669–685. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132510394706
  8. Ayuntamiento de Madrid. (n.d.). Estrategia de sostenibilidad ambiental Madrid 360. Retrieved May 23, 2026, from https://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Medio-ambiente/Estrategia-de-sostenibilidad-Madrid-360/

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Public Law (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 12, 2026

Submission Date

February 12, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 5, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 6

APA
Özel, S. (2026). Protection of Urban Rights within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid. Kent Akademisi, 19(6), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1887460
AMA
1.Özel S. Protection of Urban Rights within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid. Urban Academy. 2026;19(6):1-26. doi:10.35674/kent.1887460
Chicago
Özel, Sadullah. 2026. “Protection of Urban Rights Within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid”. Kent Akademisi 19 (6): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1887460.
EndNote
Özel S (August 1, 2026) Protection of Urban Rights within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid. Kent Akademisi 19 6 1–26.
IEEE
[1]S. Özel, “Protection of Urban Rights within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid”, Urban Academy, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1–26, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.35674/kent.1887460.
ISNAD
Özel, Sadullah. “Protection of Urban Rights Within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid”. Kent Akademisi 19/6 (August 1, 2026): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1887460.
JAMA
1.Özel S. Protection of Urban Rights within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid. Urban Academy. 2026;19:1–26.
MLA
Özel, Sadullah. “Protection of Urban Rights Within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid”. Kent Akademisi, vol. 19, no. 6, Aug. 2026, pp. 1-26, doi:10.35674/kent.1887460.
Vancouver
1.Sadullah Özel. Protection of Urban Rights within the Council of Europe System: A Comparative Analysis of Ankara and Madrid. Urban Academy. 2026 Aug. 1;19(6):1-26. doi:10.35674/kent.1887460

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