Research Article

Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye

Volume: 19 Number: 7 October 2, 2026
TR EN

Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye

Abstract

Focusing on the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) jurisprudence involving Türkiye, this study investigates the legal protection afforded to asylum seekers and refugees under the European Convention on Human Rights. It specifically aims to unravel the interplay between the principle of non-refoulement, enshrined in Article 3, and the right to an effective remedy under Article 13, subsequently evaluating this nexus within the framework of Turkish administrative and judicial operations. Methodologically, the paper couples doctrinal legal analysis with a qualitative content examination of pertinent case law. Through a detailed analysis of landmark rulings—including Jabari (2000), Mamatkulov and Askarov (2005), Abdolkhani and Karimnia (2009), and J.A. and A.A. (2024)—the study offers a comparative assessment against judgements delivered against Greece, Italy, Hungary, Poland, Spain, and Lithuania. Three primary conclusions are drawn. First, non-refoulement operates not merely as a substantive ban but as a procedural mandate demanding an independent, rigorous, and ex nunc risk evaluation. Second, the efficacy of this principle hinges upon accessible remedies equipped with automatic suspensive effects under Article 13, reinforced by the detention and family life protections of Articles 5 and 8. Third, the systemic infractions identified in Türkiye exhibit a distinct, recurring structural trend—characterized by a lack of individualized assessments, remedies lacking suspensive effects, restricted access to case files, and arbitrary detention—thereby differentiating these breaches from the border pushback violations observed in other member states. Ultimately, this research contributes to the literature by conceptualizing non-refoulement as a dual substantive-procedural safeguard while addressing contemporary challenges emerging from the 2025 'Letter of the Nine' and the Chişinău Declaration of 15 May 2026.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdolkhani and Karimnia v. Türkiye, Application No. 30471/08, AİHM, 22 Eylül 2009.
  2. Akkad v. Türkiye, Application No. 1557/19, AİHM, 21 Haziran 2022.
  3. Bianku, L. (2021). The JK Decalogue: A paradigm shift in dealing with asylum cases in Strasbourg? In B. Çalı, L. Bianku, & I. Motoc (Eds.), Migration and the European Convention on Human Rights (ss. 85-103). Oxford University Press.
  4. Chahal v. the United Kingdom, Başvuru No. 22414/93, AİHM, 15 Kasım 1996.
  5. Costello, C. (2016). The human rights of migrants and refugees in European law. Oxford University Press.
  6. Costello, C., & Foster, M. (2022). (Some) refugees welcome: When is differentiating between refugees unlawful discrimination? International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 22(3), 244–280.
  7. Council of Europe. (2022). Guide on Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights: Right to an effective remedy. Council of Europe Publishing.
  8. Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers. (2026). Chişinău Declaration (CM(2026)99-final). Adopted at the 135th Session of the Committee of Ministers, Chişinău, 15 Mayıs 2026. https://rm.coe.int/pdf/09125948802bc2cc E.T.: 22.09.2026.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Migration, Conflict Resolution in International Relations

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 2, 2026

Submission Date

May 28, 2026

Acceptance Date

October 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 7

APA
Kuru, İ. (2026). Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye. Kent Akademisi, 19(7), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1956548
AMA
1.Kuru İ. Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye. Urban Academy. 2026;19(7):1-16. doi:10.35674/kent.1956548
Chicago
Kuru, İmge. 2026. “Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye”. Kent Akademisi 19 (7): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1956548.
EndNote
Kuru İ (October 1, 2026) Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye. Kent Akademisi 19 7 1–16.
IEEE
[1]İ. Kuru, “Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye”, Urban Academy, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1–16, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.35674/kent.1956548.
ISNAD
Kuru, İmge. “Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye”. Kent Akademisi 19/7 (October 1, 2026): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1956548.
JAMA
1.Kuru İ. Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye. Urban Academy. 2026;19:1–16.
MLA
Kuru, İmge. “Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye”. Kent Akademisi, vol. 19, no. 7, Oct. 2026, pp. 1-16, doi:10.35674/kent.1956548.
Vancouver
1.İmge Kuru. Protection of Refugees Under the European Convention on Human Rights: An Analysis of European Court of Human Rights Judgments Against Türkiye. Urban Academy. 2026 Oct. 1;19(7):1-16. doi:10.35674/kent.1956548

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