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Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı

Year 2022, Issue: 1, 78 - 86, 30.04.2022

Abstract

Çevre sorunlarının katlanarak arttığı ve biyoloji biliminin büyük sıçramalarla geliştiği günümüzde organizma kavramının incelenmesi, hem kendi doğamızı (dolayısıyla da diğer canlılarla etkileşimlerimizi) hem de günümüz biyolojisindeki değişimleri daha iyi anlayabilmemiz için faydalı olacaktır. Bu çalışma, organizma kavramını özellikle organizma-çevre etkileşimi üzerinden inceleyerek günümüz biyolojisindeki önemini vurgulayacaktır. Organizma kavramı özellikle Modern Sentezden, Genişletilmiş Evrimsel Senteze geçişle birlikte ayrı bir önem kazanmıştır. Köklerini yirminci yüzyılın başlarındaki organizma-merkezci biyolojiden alan bu kavramın gelişimi, son birkaç on yıldır biyoloji biliminde gerçekleşmiş olan gelişmelerle (özellikle gelişim biyolojisi, sistem biyolojisi ve ekoloji dallarında) iyice dinamikleşmiştir. Organizma kavramının gelişimini incelemek sadece biyoloji biliminin felsefesi açısından değil, bunun yanında, insan olarak kendi biyolojik varlığımızı -organizma- ve çevremizle (hem abiyotik hem de biyotik) olan etkileşimlerimizi, tekrar düşünmek açısından değerlidir.

References

  • Anderson, R.L. (2017). Friedrich Nietzsche. Edward N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  • Baedke, J. (2019). O Organism, Where Art Thou? Old and New Challenges for Organism-Centered Biology. Journal of the History of Biology (52) 293-324.
  • Bateson, P., Cartwright, N., Dupré, J., Laland, K. ve Noble, D. (2017). New trends in evolutionary biology: biological, philosophical and social science perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0051
  • Dupré, J. & Nicholson, J.D. (2018). Manifesto for a Processual Philosophy of Biology. In D.J. Nicholson & J. Dupre (Eds.), Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Dupré, J. (2012). Processes of Life. Oxford University Press.
  • Laland, K., Uller, T., Feldman, M. et al. Does evolutionary theory need a rethink?. Nature 514, 161–164 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/514161a
  • Laland, K.N., Uller, T., Feldman, M.W., Sterelny, K., Müller, G.B., Moczek, A., Jablonka, E., & Odling-Smee, J. (2015). The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions. Proc. R. Soc. B 282: 20151019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1019
  • Müller, G.B. (2007). Evo–devo: extending the evolutionary synthesis. Nat Rev Genet 8, 943–949. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2219
  • Müller, G.B. (2017). Why an extended evolutionary synthesis is necessary. Interface Focus 7: 20170015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0015
  • Nicholson, D.J. & Gawne, R. (2015). Neither logical empiricism nor vitalism, but organicism: what the philosophy of biology was. HPLS 37(4):345-381.
  • Prebble, J.N. (2019). Searching for a Mechanism. A History of Cell Bioenergetics. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Schrödinger, E. (1962). What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. Cambridge University Press.
  • Trappes, R., Nematipour, B., Kaiser, M.I., Krohs, U., van Benthem, K.J., Ernst, U.R., Gadau, J., Korsten, P., Kurtz, J., Schielzeth, H., Schmoll, T. & Takola, E. (2021). How Individualized Niches Arise: Defining Mechanisms of Niche Construction, Niche Choice and Niche Conformance. doi: 10.32942/osf.io/wahcy
  • Walsh, D.M. (2018). Objecty and Agency: Towards a Methodological Vitalism. D.J. Nicholson & J. Dupre (Ed.), Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Yılmaz, Ö. (2020). Fenom-Genom Çevre Etkileşimi: Felsefi Bir Analiz (Doktora Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Yilmaz, Ö. (2021). John N. Prebble, Searching for a Mechanism. A History of Cell Bioenergetics, New York: Oxford University Press, 2019, 276 pp., £55. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences (43) 34.
  • Yilmaz, Ö. (2021). More Plant Biology in Philosophy Education. In Thomas J.J. McCloughlin (Ed.) The Nature of Science in Biology: A Resource for Educators. Graphikon Teo, Dublin.

The Concept of Organism in Philosophy of Biology

Year 2022, Issue: 1, 78 - 86, 30.04.2022

Abstract

Today, when the number of environmental problems is multiplying and the science of biology is advancing by leaps and bounds, the analysis of the concept of organism is useful for both understanding our nature, which includes our interactions with other living entities, and understanding developments in the contemporary biology. This paper examines the concept of organism especially through organism-environment interaction and emphasizes its importance in contemporary biology, where the concept of organism has gained more importance—particularly with the transition from Modern Synthesis to Extended Evolutionary Synthesis. The development of this concept, which has roots in the organism-centred biology of the early twentieth century, has become even more dynamic with advancements in biology in recent decades (especially in the sub-fields of developmental biology, systems biology, and ecology). Examining the development of this concept is valuable not only for philosophy of biology but also for re-conceiving ourselves as living entities—that is, organisms—and, consequently, re-thinking our interactions with our environment (both abiotic and biotic).

References

  • Anderson, R.L. (2017). Friedrich Nietzsche. Edward N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  • Baedke, J. (2019). O Organism, Where Art Thou? Old and New Challenges for Organism-Centered Biology. Journal of the History of Biology (52) 293-324.
  • Bateson, P., Cartwright, N., Dupré, J., Laland, K. ve Noble, D. (2017). New trends in evolutionary biology: biological, philosophical and social science perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0051
  • Dupré, J. & Nicholson, J.D. (2018). Manifesto for a Processual Philosophy of Biology. In D.J. Nicholson & J. Dupre (Eds.), Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Dupré, J. (2012). Processes of Life. Oxford University Press.
  • Laland, K., Uller, T., Feldman, M. et al. Does evolutionary theory need a rethink?. Nature 514, 161–164 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/514161a
  • Laland, K.N., Uller, T., Feldman, M.W., Sterelny, K., Müller, G.B., Moczek, A., Jablonka, E., & Odling-Smee, J. (2015). The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions. Proc. R. Soc. B 282: 20151019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1019
  • Müller, G.B. (2007). Evo–devo: extending the evolutionary synthesis. Nat Rev Genet 8, 943–949. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2219
  • Müller, G.B. (2017). Why an extended evolutionary synthesis is necessary. Interface Focus 7: 20170015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0015
  • Nicholson, D.J. & Gawne, R. (2015). Neither logical empiricism nor vitalism, but organicism: what the philosophy of biology was. HPLS 37(4):345-381.
  • Prebble, J.N. (2019). Searching for a Mechanism. A History of Cell Bioenergetics. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Schrödinger, E. (1962). What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. Cambridge University Press.
  • Trappes, R., Nematipour, B., Kaiser, M.I., Krohs, U., van Benthem, K.J., Ernst, U.R., Gadau, J., Korsten, P., Kurtz, J., Schielzeth, H., Schmoll, T. & Takola, E. (2021). How Individualized Niches Arise: Defining Mechanisms of Niche Construction, Niche Choice and Niche Conformance. doi: 10.32942/osf.io/wahcy
  • Walsh, D.M. (2018). Objecty and Agency: Towards a Methodological Vitalism. D.J. Nicholson & J. Dupre (Ed.), Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Yılmaz, Ö. (2020). Fenom-Genom Çevre Etkileşimi: Felsefi Bir Analiz (Doktora Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Yilmaz, Ö. (2021). John N. Prebble, Searching for a Mechanism. A History of Cell Bioenergetics, New York: Oxford University Press, 2019, 276 pp., £55. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences (43) 34.
  • Yilmaz, Ö. (2021). More Plant Biology in Philosophy Education. In Thomas J.J. McCloughlin (Ed.) The Nature of Science in Biology: A Resource for Educators. Graphikon Teo, Dublin.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Özlem Yılmaz 0000-0001-6695-3048

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, Ö. (2022). Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi, 1(1), 78-86.
AMA Yılmaz Ö. Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı. KFD. April 2022;1(1):78-86.
Chicago Yılmaz, Özlem. “Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi 1, no. 1 (April 2022): 78-86.
EndNote Yılmaz Ö (April 1, 2022) Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi 1 1 78–86.
IEEE Ö. Yılmaz, “Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı”, KFD, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 78–86, 2022.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Özlem. “Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi 1/1 (April 2022), 78-86.
JAMA Yılmaz Ö. Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı. KFD. 2022;1:78–86.
MLA Yılmaz, Özlem. “Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, 2022, pp. 78-86.
Vancouver Yılmaz Ö. Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı. KFD. 2022;1(1):78-86.