21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 25, 322 - 347, 28.11.2021

Orhan Cengiz

https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, 21. yüzyıldaki devlet kapitalizminin BRIC ülkeleri için incelenmesidir.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada 21. yüzyıldaki devlet kapitalizminin yapısı ve bunun BRIC ülkelerinde işleyişi nicel verilerle ele alınmıştır. Devlet kapitalizminin iki önemli unsuru olan Devlet Mülkiyetli Şirketler (SOEs) ve Ulusal Varlık Fonları (SWFs) BRIC ülkeleri için ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Sadece ulusal piyasalara odaklanan klasik devlet kapitalizminin aksine, 21. yüzyıldaki devlet kapitalizmi modelinde devlet; petrol, doğal gaz, enerji, ulaşım ve finans gibi sektörlerde doğrudan küresel ekonomiye entegre olmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle BRIC ülkelerinde benimsenen devlet kapitalizmi modeli ile bu ülkelerin küresel sistemdeki etkilerinin artması birbiriyle yakın ilişkilidir. Bunun yanında, 21. yüzyılda yaşanan iki büyük krizle beraber (2008 küresel finans krizi ve Covid-19 krizi) devlete dönüş eğilimlerinin artması, devlet kapitalizmi politikalarını genişletecektir.
Sınırlılıklar: Devlet kapitalizminin bütün unsurları yerine sadece en önemli iki unsuru olan Devlet Mülkiyetli Şirketler (SOEs) ve Ulusal Varlık Fonları’nın (SWFs) dikkate alınması çalışmanın sınırlılığını oluşturmaktadır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Devlet kapitalizmi teması, yoğun olarak incelenmesine rağmen ülke özelinde kapitalizmi, 21. yüzyıldaki yapısıyla analiz eden çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Dolayısıyla devlet kapitalizminin 21. yüzyıldaki modelinin BRIC ülkelerinin her birisi için ayrı ayrı incelenmesi çalışmanın özgün yanını oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

Devlet Kapitalizmi, Devlet Mülkiyetli Şirketler, Ulusal Varlık Fonları, BRIC Ülkeleri, 21. Yüzyıl

The Political Economy of State Capitalism in the BRIC Countries in the 21st Century

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine state capitalism in the 21st century for the BRIC countries.
Design/Methodology: In the research, the structure of state capitalism in the 21st century and its functioning in the BRIC countries are discussed with quantitative data. Two essential factors of state capitalism, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are analyzed for BRIC countries separately.
Findings: Contrary to classical state capitalism, which focuses only on domestic markets, in the 21st-century state capitalism model, the state has begun to integrate directly into the global economy in sectors such as oil, natural gas, energy, transportation, and finance. The state capitalism model adopted especially in BRIC countries and the increasing importance of these countries in the global system is closely related. In addition, with the two major crises in the 21st century (the 2008 global financial crisis and the Covid-19 crisis), the increase in the tendency to return to the state will expand the policies of state capitalism.
Limitations: The limitation of the study is to consider only State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs), which are the two most essential factors of state capitalism, instead of all aspects.
Originality/Value: Although the theme of state capitalism has been largely examined, studies that analyze country-specific capitalism with its structure in the 21st century are very limited. Thus, examining the state capitalism model in the 21st century separately for each of the BRIC countries generates the original aspect of the study.

Keywords

State Capitalism, State Owned Enterprises, Sovereign Wealth Funds, BRIC Countries, 21st Century

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