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21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 322 - 347, 28.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, 21. yüzyıldaki devlet kapitalizminin BRIC ülkeleri için incelenmesidir.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada 21. yüzyıldaki devlet kapitalizminin yapısı ve bunun BRIC ülkelerinde işleyişi nicel verilerle ele alınmıştır. Devlet kapitalizminin iki önemli unsuru olan Devlet Mülkiyetli Şirketler (SOEs) ve Ulusal Varlık Fonları (SWFs) BRIC ülkeleri için ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Sadece ulusal piyasalara odaklanan klasik devlet kapitalizminin aksine, 21. yüzyıldaki devlet kapitalizmi modelinde devlet; petrol, doğal gaz, enerji, ulaşım ve finans gibi sektörlerde doğrudan küresel ekonomiye entegre olmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle BRIC ülkelerinde benimsenen devlet kapitalizmi modeli ile bu ülkelerin küresel sistemdeki etkilerinin artması birbiriyle yakın ilişkilidir. Bunun yanında, 21. yüzyılda yaşanan iki büyük krizle beraber (2008 küresel finans krizi ve Covid-19 krizi) devlete dönüş eğilimlerinin artması, devlet kapitalizmi politikalarını genişletecektir.
Sınırlılıklar: Devlet kapitalizminin bütün unsurları yerine sadece en önemli iki unsuru olan Devlet Mülkiyetli Şirketler (SOEs) ve Ulusal Varlık Fonları’nın (SWFs) dikkate alınması çalışmanın sınırlılığını oluşturmaktadır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Devlet kapitalizmi teması, yoğun olarak incelenmesine rağmen ülke özelinde kapitalizmi, 21. yüzyıldaki yapısıyla analiz eden çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Dolayısıyla devlet kapitalizminin 21. yüzyıldaki modelinin BRIC ülkelerinin her birisi için ayrı ayrı incelenmesi çalışmanın özgün yanını oluşturmaktadır.

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The Political Economy of State Capitalism in the BRIC Countries in the 21st Century

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 322 - 347, 28.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095

Öz

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine state capitalism in the 21st century for the BRIC countries.
Design/Methodology: In the research, the structure of state capitalism in the 21st century and its functioning in the BRIC countries are discussed with quantitative data. Two essential factors of state capitalism, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are analyzed for BRIC countries separately.
Findings: Contrary to classical state capitalism, which focuses only on domestic markets, in the 21st-century state capitalism model, the state has begun to integrate directly into the global economy in sectors such as oil, natural gas, energy, transportation, and finance. The state capitalism model adopted especially in BRIC countries and the increasing importance of these countries in the global system is closely related. In addition, with the two major crises in the 21st century (the 2008 global financial crisis and the Covid-19 crisis), the increase in the tendency to return to the state will expand the policies of state capitalism.
Limitations: The limitation of the study is to consider only State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs), which are the two most essential factors of state capitalism, instead of all aspects.
Originality/Value: Although the theme of state capitalism has been largely examined, studies that analyze country-specific capitalism with its structure in the 21st century are very limited. Thus, examining the state capitalism model in the 21st century separately for each of the BRIC countries generates the original aspect of the study.

Kaynakça

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  • McNally, C. A. (2013b). How emerging forms of capitalism are changing the global economic order. Asia-Pacific Issues, Analysis from the East-West Center No. 107, 1-8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290159586_How_emerging_forms_of_capitalism_are_changing_the_global_economic_order
  • Meckling, J., Kong, B., & Madan, T. (2015). Oil and state capitalism: Government-firm coopetition in China and India. Review of International Political Economy, 22(6), 1159-1187. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09692290.2015.1089303
  • Mishra, R. K. (2014). Role of state-owned enterprises in India’s economic development. Workshop on State-Owned Enterprises in the Development Process, OECD Conference Centre. https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/Workshop_SOEsDevelopmentProcess_India.pdf
  • Musacchio, A., & Lazzarini, S. G. (2014). State-owned enterprises In Brazil: History and lessons. Workshop on State-Owned Enterprises in the Development Process, OECD Conference Centre. https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/workshop_soesdevelopmentprocess_brazil.pdf
  • Musacchio, A. & Lazzarini, S. G. (2016). The reinvention of state capitalism in Brazil, 1970-2012. In B. R. Schneider (Ed.), New order and progress: development and democracy in Brazil (pp. 107-133). Oxford University Press. https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190462888.001.0001/acprof-9780190462888
  • Musacchio, A., Lazzarini, S. G., & Aguilera, R. V. (2015). New varieties of state capitalism: Strategic and governance implications. Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(1), 115-131. https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amp.2013.0094
  • Naughton, B. (2015). The transformation of the state sector: SASAC, the market economy, and the new national champions. In B. Naughton, & K. S. Tsai (Eds.), State capitalism, institutional adaptation, and the Chinese miracle (pp. 46-71). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/state-capitalism-institutional-adaptation-and-the-chinese-miracle/B22E95BADECE68CF04EC39682D8953C8
  • NIIF. (2020). https://niifindia.in/our_funds/
  • Nölke, A. (2014). Introduction: Toward state capitalism 3.0. In A. Nölke (Ed.), Multinational corporations from emerging markets: State capitalism 3.0 (pp. 1-12). Palgrave Macmillan. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137359490
  • Nölke, A., Brink, T. T., May, C., & Claar, S. (2020). State-permeated capitalism in large emerging economies. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/State-permeated-Capitalism-in-Large-Emerging-Economies/Nolke-Brink-May-Claar/p/book/9780367777708
  • OECD. (2013). Russia: Modernising the economy. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/publications/russia-modernising-the-economy-9789264207998-en.htm
  • OECD. (2016). Broadening the ownership of state-owned enterprises: A comparison of governance practices.
  • OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/publications/broadening-the-ownership-of-state-owned-enterprises-9789264244603-en.htm
  • OECD. (2020). OECD review of the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises: Brazil. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/brazil/soe-review-brazil.htm
  • OECD. (2021). Indicators of product market regulation. https://www.oecd.org/economy/reform/indicators-of-product-market-regulation/
  • Oktay, F. (2017). Çin: Yeni büyük güç ve değişen dünya dengeleri. İş bankası Yayınları. https://www.kitapyurdu.com/kitap/cin-yeni-buyuk-guc-ve-degisen-dunya-dengeleri/429729.html
  • Overbeek, H. (2012). Sovereign wealth funds in the global political economy: The case of China. H. Overbeek, & B. V. Apeldoorn (Eds.), Neoliberalism in crisis (pp. 138-160). Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137002471_7
  • Pargendler, M. (2014). Governing state capitalism: The case of Brazil. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2493402
  • Peaucelle, I. (2010). Sovereign wealth funds, BRIC and sustainable development. Working Paper for IV Forum. Environment, Innovation and Sustainable development, 1-25. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-319-44645-5_15
  • Radygin, A. (2004, April 13). Russia en route to state capitalism?. Global Affairs, https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/articles/russia-en-route-to-state-capitalism/
  • Radygin, A. D., Aksenov, I. V., Malyginov, G. N., Entov, R. M., Abramov, A. E., Ilyasova, G. U., & Chernova, M. I. (2018). Effective management of state property in 2018-2024 and up to 2035. Center for Strategic Research Analytical Report. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/effective-management-of-state-property-in-2018-2024-and-up-to-2035-analytical-report
  • Reddy, K. S. (2019). Pot the ball? Sovereign wealth funds’ outward FDI in times of global financial market turbulence: A yield institutions-based view. Central Bank Review, 19, 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2019.08.003
  • SASAC. (2020). SOEs in past 5 years. http://en.sasac.gov.cn/2020/12/22/c_6394.htm
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  • Sweidan, O. D. (2021). State capitalism and energy democracy. Geoforum, 125, 181-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.04.008
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  • Şimşek, O. (2017). Küreselleşme ve yeni devlet kapitalizminin yükselişi. Türk Metal Sendikası Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Yayınları-7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311558842_Yeni_Devlet_Kapitalizminin_Yukselisi_Kuresel_Ekonomi-Politik_Bir_Inceleme
  • Taylor, M. (2015). The unchanging core of Brazilian state capitalism, 1985-2015. School of International Service Research Paper Series, (2015-8), 1-32. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2674332
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  • Tsai, K. S., & Naughton, B. (2015). Introduction: State capitalism and the Chinese economic miracle. In B. Naughton, & K. S. Tsai (Eds.), State capitalism, institutional adaptation, and the Chinese miracle (pp. 1-24). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139962858
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  • Woetzel, J., Seong, J., Leung, N., Ngai, J., Manyika, J., Madgavkar, A., Lund, S., & Mironenko, A. (2019). China and the world: Inside the dynamics of a changing relationship. McKinsey Global Institute Report. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/china/china-and-the-world-inside-the-dynamics-of-a-changing-relationship
  • Wooldridge, A. (2012, January 21). The visible hand. The Economist. https://www.economist.com/special-report/2012/01/21/the-visible-hand
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  • Yang, Y., & Lee, P. (2018). State capitalism, state-owned banks, and wto’s subsidy regime: Proposing an institution theory. Stanford Journal of International Law, 54(2), 117-158. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3202377
Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Orhan Cengiz 0000-0002-1883-4754

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Cengiz, O. (2021). 21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 13(25), 322-347. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095
AMA Cengiz O. 21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). Kasım 2021;13(25):322-347. doi:10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095
Chicago Cengiz, Orhan. “21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi”. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13, sy. 25 (Kasım 2021): 322-47. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095.
EndNote Cengiz O (01 Kasım 2021) 21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13 25 322–347.
IEEE O. Cengiz, “21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi”, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), c. 13, sy. 25, ss. 322–347, 2021, doi: 10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095.
ISNAD Cengiz, Orhan. “21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi”. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13/25 (Kasım 2021), 322-347. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095.
JAMA Cengiz O. 21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2021;13:322–347.
MLA Cengiz, Orhan. “21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi”. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), c. 13, sy. 25, 2021, ss. 322-47, doi:10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.974095.
Vancouver Cengiz O. 21. Yüzyılda BRIC Ülkelerinde Devlet Kapitalizminin Politik Ekonomisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2021;13(25):322-47.