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Kötü Huylu Sorunlarla Mücadelede ve Kentsel Dirençlilik Politikalarının Geliştirilmesinde Uyumlanabilir/Uyarlanabilir Yönetişim

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 25, 722 - 735, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.976751

Abstract

Bu çalışma 1970’li yıllarla birlikte hâkim ekonomi politikadaki değişiminin yaşandığı dönemlerde, planlama ve ekoloji alanında yayınlanan iki farklı akademik çalışmanın kavramları üzerine kurulmuştur. İlki Holling’in (1973) direnç (resilience) ile ilgili çalışması ve ikincisi ise Rittel ve Webber’in (1973) kötü huylu sorunlar (wicked problems) üzerine çalışmalarıdır. Kötü huylu sorunlar, doğası gereği belirsiz, karmaşık ve zamansal ve mekânsal ölçekte yayılma özelliğine sahiptir. Kentlerin dirençli olmasının önündeki sınırlılıklardan öne çıkanlar yine belirsizlik, ekolojik sistemle ilişkili olarak karmaşıklık ve zamansal ve mekânsal ölçekte yayılmadır. Bunun yanı sıra her iki alan için de çözüm çabalarında birçok paydaşı içermesi gerekliliği söz konusudur. Bu çalışma, benzer sınırlılıklara sahip her iki alanın önündeki sınırlılıkların aşılması için ortak çözüm mücadelesi geliştirilebilir mi? sorusunun cevabını aramak üzerine kuruludur. Her iki alan içinde benzer sorunların/sınırlılıkların mevcudiyetinin ve bunların nasıl yönetilebileceğinin daha iyi anlaşılması sınırlı yanıtları olan kötü huylu sorunları yönetmede ve dolayısıyla kentlerin daha dirençli hale gelmesinde uyarlanabilir/uyumlanabilir yönetişimi ön plana çıkarmaktadır.

References

  • Abreu, M. C. S. ve Andrade, R. J. C. (2019). Dealing with wicked problems in socio ecological systems affected by industrial disasters: A framework for collaborative and adaptive governance. Science of The Total Envirenment, 694, 1-9.
  • Adger, W.N., Brown, K., Fairbrass, J., Jordan, A., Paavola, J., Rosendo, S., Seyfang, G., (2003). Governance for sustainability: Towards a ‘thick’ analysis of environmental decisionmaking. Environment and Planning A ,35, 1095–1110.
  • Akamani, K., Holzmueller, E. J. ve Groninger, J.W. (2016). Managing wicked environmental problems as complex social-ecological systems: The promise of adaptive governance. Assefa M. Melesse ve Wossenu Abtew (Ed.), Landscape dynamics, soils and hydrological processes in varied climates kitabı içinde (s.741-762.). Springer Geography.
  • Baud, I.S.A. ve Hordijk, M.A. (2009). Dealing with risks in urban governance: What can we learn from ‘resilience’ thinking. The 4th International Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism’da sunulan bildiri (IFoU) The New Urban Question – Urbanism beyond Neo-Liberalism, 2009 Amsterdam/Delft, 1069- 1076.
  • Bridge G and Perreault T (2009). Environmental governance. Noel Castree, David Demeritt, Diana Liverman, Bruce Rhoads (Ed.), A companion to environmental geography kitabı içinde (s.475-497). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Chaffin, B.C., Gosnell, H. ve Cosens, B.A. (2014). A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: Synthesis and future directions. Ecology and Society, 19 (3), 56.
  • Craig, R. K. (2020). Resilience theory and wicked problems. Vanderbilt Law Review, 73(6), 1733-1775.
  • Desouza, K.C. ve Flanery, T.H. (2013). Designing, planning and managing resilient cities: A conceptual framework. Cities, 35, 89-99.
  • Dietz, T., Ostrom, E ve Stern P.C. (2003). The struggle to govern the commons. Science, 302, 1907-1912.
  • Henstra, D. (2012). Toward the climate-sesilient city: Extreme weather and urban climate adaptation policies in two Canadian provinces. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 14 (2), 175-194.
  • Holling, C.S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1-23.
  • Duijnhoven, H. ve Neef, M. (2016). Disentangling wicked problems: A reflexive approach towards resilience governance. Anthony J. Masys (Ed.), Systems thinking and soft operations research in managing complexity: From problem framing to problem solving kitabı içinde (s.91-106). Springer.
  • Ersavaş Kavanoz, S. (2020). Kentsel direnç kavramı üzerine. Kent ve Çevre Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 5-24.
  • Ersavaş Kavanoz, S. (2021). Kentsel direnç planlamasında iş birliği. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 59, 374-390.
  • Folke, C., Hahn, T., Olsson, P. ve Norberg J (2005). Adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resource, 30, 441-473.
  • Head, B. W. (2008). Wicked problems in public policy. Public Policy, 3, 101-118.
  • Head, B. W. ve Alford, J. (2015). Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Administration and Society, 47(6), 711–739.
  • Newell, P. (2008). The political economy of global environmental governance”, Review of International Studies, 34, 507-529.
  • Özer, Y. E. (2018). Risk azaltma yaklaşımı çerçevesinde dirençli kentler. Bursa: Ekin Yayınları.
  • Peters, B. G. (2017). What is so wicked about wicked problems? A conceptual analysis and a research program. Policy and Society, 36:3, 385-396.
  • Powell, N.S., Larsen, R.K. ve Bommel, S.V. (2014). Meeting the ‘Anthropocene’ in the context of intractability and complexity: Infusing resilience narratives with intersubjectivity. Resilience, 2(3), 135-150.
  • Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169.
  • Seeliger, L. ve Turok, I. (2013). Averting a downward spiral: Building resilience in informal urban settlements through adaptive governance. Environment & Urbanization, 26(1), 184-199.
  • Termeer, C.J.A.M., Dewulf, A. ve Lieshout, M.V. (2010). Disentangling scale approaches in governance research: Comparing monocentric, multilevel, and adaptive governance. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 29.
  • Termeer, C.J.A.M., Dewulf, A., Breeman, G. ve Stiller, S. (2015). Governance capabilities for dealing wisely with wicked problems. Administration and Society. 47(6), 680–710.
  • Tuğaç, Ç. (2019). Kentsel dirençlilik perspektifinden yerel yönetimlerin görevleri ve sorumlulukları. İdealkent, 28(10), 984-1019.
  • Uzun, A. (2020a). Bir araştırma nesnesi olarak habis sorunlar ve kamu yönetimi disiplini. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 15(2), 663 – 676.
  • Uzun, A. (2021). Kamu yönetimi ve politika çalişmalarında kötü huylu ve karmaşık sorunlar. S. Ersavaş Kavanoz, A. Uzun ve H. Şengün (Ed.), Karmaşık Sorunlar ve Kent kitabı içinde (s. 13-33). Ankara: Astana Yayınları.
  • Uzun, A. (2020b). Kötü huylu problemlerle mücadele stratejileri: Problem odaklı ve durumsalcı bir perspektif. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 57, 145-170.
  • Waddock, S., Meszoely, G.M., Waddell, S. ve Dentoni, D. (2015). The complexity of wicked problems in large scale change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(6), 993 – 1012.
  • Wise, C. R. (2006). Organizing for homeland security after katrina: Is adaptive management what’s missing?. Public Administration Review, 66 (3), 302-318.

Adaptive Governance in Dealing With Wicked Problems and Devoloping Urban Resilience Policies

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 25, 722 - 735, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.976751

Abstract

The study is based on the concepts of two different academic studies in the field of planning and ecology during the period of change in economy politics in 1970s. The first is Holling’s (1973) work on resilience and the second is Rittel and Webber’s (1973) work on the wicked problem. Wicked problems are inherently uncertain, complex and can spread across temporal and spatial scales. The limitations that cities face in the way to becoming resilient are again uncertainty, complexity in relation to socio-ecological systems and spread on temporal and spatial scale. In addition, it is necessary to include many stakeholders in the solution efforts for both areas. This study is based on answer to the question of “Can a common solution strategy be developed so that both areas with similar limitations can progress?” In this context, adaptive governance is becoming more important and efficient in dealing with and managing wicked problems with limited answers and thus making cities more resilient.  

References

  • Abreu, M. C. S. ve Andrade, R. J. C. (2019). Dealing with wicked problems in socio ecological systems affected by industrial disasters: A framework for collaborative and adaptive governance. Science of The Total Envirenment, 694, 1-9.
  • Adger, W.N., Brown, K., Fairbrass, J., Jordan, A., Paavola, J., Rosendo, S., Seyfang, G., (2003). Governance for sustainability: Towards a ‘thick’ analysis of environmental decisionmaking. Environment and Planning A ,35, 1095–1110.
  • Akamani, K., Holzmueller, E. J. ve Groninger, J.W. (2016). Managing wicked environmental problems as complex social-ecological systems: The promise of adaptive governance. Assefa M. Melesse ve Wossenu Abtew (Ed.), Landscape dynamics, soils and hydrological processes in varied climates kitabı içinde (s.741-762.). Springer Geography.
  • Baud, I.S.A. ve Hordijk, M.A. (2009). Dealing with risks in urban governance: What can we learn from ‘resilience’ thinking. The 4th International Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism’da sunulan bildiri (IFoU) The New Urban Question – Urbanism beyond Neo-Liberalism, 2009 Amsterdam/Delft, 1069- 1076.
  • Bridge G and Perreault T (2009). Environmental governance. Noel Castree, David Demeritt, Diana Liverman, Bruce Rhoads (Ed.), A companion to environmental geography kitabı içinde (s.475-497). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Chaffin, B.C., Gosnell, H. ve Cosens, B.A. (2014). A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: Synthesis and future directions. Ecology and Society, 19 (3), 56.
  • Craig, R. K. (2020). Resilience theory and wicked problems. Vanderbilt Law Review, 73(6), 1733-1775.
  • Desouza, K.C. ve Flanery, T.H. (2013). Designing, planning and managing resilient cities: A conceptual framework. Cities, 35, 89-99.
  • Dietz, T., Ostrom, E ve Stern P.C. (2003). The struggle to govern the commons. Science, 302, 1907-1912.
  • Henstra, D. (2012). Toward the climate-sesilient city: Extreme weather and urban climate adaptation policies in two Canadian provinces. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 14 (2), 175-194.
  • Holling, C.S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1-23.
  • Duijnhoven, H. ve Neef, M. (2016). Disentangling wicked problems: A reflexive approach towards resilience governance. Anthony J. Masys (Ed.), Systems thinking and soft operations research in managing complexity: From problem framing to problem solving kitabı içinde (s.91-106). Springer.
  • Ersavaş Kavanoz, S. (2020). Kentsel direnç kavramı üzerine. Kent ve Çevre Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 5-24.
  • Ersavaş Kavanoz, S. (2021). Kentsel direnç planlamasında iş birliği. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 59, 374-390.
  • Folke, C., Hahn, T., Olsson, P. ve Norberg J (2005). Adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resource, 30, 441-473.
  • Head, B. W. (2008). Wicked problems in public policy. Public Policy, 3, 101-118.
  • Head, B. W. ve Alford, J. (2015). Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Administration and Society, 47(6), 711–739.
  • Newell, P. (2008). The political economy of global environmental governance”, Review of International Studies, 34, 507-529.
  • Özer, Y. E. (2018). Risk azaltma yaklaşımı çerçevesinde dirençli kentler. Bursa: Ekin Yayınları.
  • Peters, B. G. (2017). What is so wicked about wicked problems? A conceptual analysis and a research program. Policy and Society, 36:3, 385-396.
  • Powell, N.S., Larsen, R.K. ve Bommel, S.V. (2014). Meeting the ‘Anthropocene’ in the context of intractability and complexity: Infusing resilience narratives with intersubjectivity. Resilience, 2(3), 135-150.
  • Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169.
  • Seeliger, L. ve Turok, I. (2013). Averting a downward spiral: Building resilience in informal urban settlements through adaptive governance. Environment & Urbanization, 26(1), 184-199.
  • Termeer, C.J.A.M., Dewulf, A. ve Lieshout, M.V. (2010). Disentangling scale approaches in governance research: Comparing monocentric, multilevel, and adaptive governance. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 29.
  • Termeer, C.J.A.M., Dewulf, A., Breeman, G. ve Stiller, S. (2015). Governance capabilities for dealing wisely with wicked problems. Administration and Society. 47(6), 680–710.
  • Tuğaç, Ç. (2019). Kentsel dirençlilik perspektifinden yerel yönetimlerin görevleri ve sorumlulukları. İdealkent, 28(10), 984-1019.
  • Uzun, A. (2020a). Bir araştırma nesnesi olarak habis sorunlar ve kamu yönetimi disiplini. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 15(2), 663 – 676.
  • Uzun, A. (2021). Kamu yönetimi ve politika çalişmalarında kötü huylu ve karmaşık sorunlar. S. Ersavaş Kavanoz, A. Uzun ve H. Şengün (Ed.), Karmaşık Sorunlar ve Kent kitabı içinde (s. 13-33). Ankara: Astana Yayınları.
  • Uzun, A. (2020b). Kötü huylu problemlerle mücadele stratejileri: Problem odaklı ve durumsalcı bir perspektif. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 57, 145-170.
  • Waddock, S., Meszoely, G.M., Waddell, S. ve Dentoni, D. (2015). The complexity of wicked problems in large scale change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(6), 993 – 1012.
  • Wise, C. R. (2006). Organizing for homeland security after katrina: Is adaptive management what’s missing?. Public Administration Review, 66 (3), 302-318.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Suna Ersavaş Kavanoz 0000-0003-1162-2537

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date August 2, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 25

Cite

APA Ersavaş Kavanoz, S. (2021). Kötü Huylu Sorunlarla Mücadelede ve Kentsel Dirençlilik Politikalarının Geliştirilmesinde Uyumlanabilir/Uyarlanabilir Yönetişim. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(25), 722-735. https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.976751