Relationship Between Duration of Diabetes, HbA1c Levels and Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study

Year 2017, , 91 - 94, 31.08.2017

Muhammed Emin Demirkol , Muhammed Nur Ögün , Hamit Yoldaş İbrahim Karagöz Duygu Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.317664

Abstract

Introduction: We
aimed to investigate whether duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels in patients
with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with olfactory dysfunction.

Material and Methods: Fifty
patients with prior Type 2 DM diagnoses under antidiabetic treatment were
included to the study. We used the Turkish version of The Brief Smell Identification
Test (B-SIT) including 12 different odorants to test the odor functions of
patients. Age, weight, height, HbA1C levels, duration of diabetes and test
results of the patients participating in the study were recorded and necessary
analysis was performed. p value <0.05 was considered statistically
significant.

Results: There was no significant
correlation between duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels and B-SIT scores.

Conclusion: In
order to confirm our findings further studies with larger sample sizes, with
patients with longer duration of DM are needed.

Keywords

The Brief Smell Test, Diabetes, HbA1c, Olfactory Dysfunction

TİP 2 DİYABETLİ HASTALARDA DİYABET SÜRESİ VE HBA1C DÜZEYLERİ İLE OLFAKTÖR DİSFONKSİYON ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ, PİLOT ÇALIŞMA

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Tip 2 diyabetes mellitus (DM) tanısı olan hastaların
diyabet süreleri ve HbA1c seviyelerinin olfaktör disfonksiyon ile ilişkili olup
olmadığını araştırmayı amaçladık.

Hastalar ve Yöntem: Önceden bilinen Tip 2 DM tanısı alan ve bu nedenle ilaç
kullanan 50 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların koku fonksiyonlarını test
etmek için 12 farklı koku maddesi bulunan The Brief Smell Identification Test
(B-SIT) Türkçe versiyonu kullandı. Çalışmaya katılan hastaların yaş, kilo, boy,
kilo, HbA1C seviyeleri, diyabet süreleri ve
test sonuçları kaydedilerek gerekli analiz yapıldı. p
değeri <0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Diyabet süresi ve HbA1c düzeyleri ile B-SIT skorları arasında anlamlı
korelasyon saptanmadı.

Sonuç: Daha uzun süreli
DM’si olan hastalarla yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Brief Smell Test, Diyabet, HbA1c, Olfaktör Disfonksiyon

References

• 1. Brady, S., et al., Presence of neuropathic pain may explain poor performances on olfactory testing in diabetes mellitus patients. Chemical senses, 2013: p. bjt013. 2. Zoungas, S., et al., Impact of age, age at diagnosis and duration of diabetes on the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications and death in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 2014. 57(12): p. 2465-2474. 3. Ertem, A.G., et al., Relationship between HbA1c levels and coronary artery severity in nondiabetic acute coronary syndrome patients. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars, 2013. 41(5): p. 389-95. 4. Hoffman, H.J., K.J. Cruickshanks, and B. Davis, Perspectives on Population‐based Epidemiological Studies of Olfactory and Taste Impairment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2009. 1170(1): p. 514-530. 5. Hummel, T. and S. Nordin, Olfactory disorders and their consequences for quality of life. Acta oto-laryngologica, 2005. 125(2): p. 116-121. 6. Palouzier-Paulignan, B., et al., Olfaction under metabolic influences. Chemical senses, 2012. 37(9): p. 769-797. 7. Gouveri, E., et al., Olfactory dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an additional manifestation of microvascular disease? Angiology, 2014. 65(10): p. 869-876. 8. Özşenel, E.B., et al., Diyabetik Mikrovasküler Komplikasyonu Olan ve Olmayan Hastaların MPV ve Sensitif CRP Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması. Medical Bulletin of Haseki/Haseki Tip Bulteni, 2015. 53(1). 9. Sobel, B.E., Optimizing cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes mellitus. The American journal of medicine, 2007. 120(9): p. S3-S11. 10. Yenigün, M., Diabetik makroanjiopati (diabetik makrovasküler hastalık) Her yönüyle Diabetes Mellitus adlı kitabından Editör: Yenigün M. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 2001. 11. Al-Salman, R., et al., Prevalence and risk factors of albuminuria in Type 2 diabetes in Bahrain. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2009. 32(9): p. 746-751. 12. Zhang, H., et al., Prevalence of and risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in pre-diabetic and diabetic population in Shanghai community. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2009. 89(25): p. 1749-1752. 13. Henkin, R.I., Altered Taste and Smell after AnesthesiaCause and Effect? The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1995. 83(3): p. 648-649. 14. Rombaux, P., T. Duprez, and T. Hummel, Olfactory bulb volume in the clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction. Rhinology, 2009. 47(1): p. 3-9. 15. Cullen, M.M. and D.A. Leopold, Disorders of smell and taste. Medical Clinics of North America, 1999. 83(1): p. 57-74. 16. Naka, A., et al., Clinical significance of smell and taste disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2010. 267(4): p. 547-550. 17. Le Floch, J.-P., et al., Smell dysfunction and related factors in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care, 1993. 16(6): p. 934-937. 18. Weinstock, R.S., H.N. Wright, and D.U. Smith, Olfactory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Physiology & behavior, 1993. 53(1): p. 17-21. 19. Menon, C., et al., Normative Performance on the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) in a Multi-Ethnic Bilingual Cohort: A Project FRONTIER Study 1. The Clinical neuropsychologist, 2013. 27(6): p. 946-961. 20. Bilgi, M., et al., Effects Of Isoflurane On Postoperatıve Olfactory Memory. Acta Medıca Medıterranea, 2014. 30: p. 453-456. 21. Demirhan, A., et al., Evaluation of the olfactory memory after spinal anesthesia: a pilot study. Age (yr), 2013. 32: p. 13.9. 22. Yildiz, I., et al., The effect of desflurane on postoperative olfactory memory. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2016. 20(10): p. 2163-2167.