THE EFFECTS OF VIDEOS ON LISTENING SKILL AND VOCABULARY IN THE PROCESS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING

Abstract

Considering recent advancement of technology and increased video use in language teaching and learning, this study attempted to investigate main findings of the studies conducted to examine the impact of video use on learners’ listening skills and vocabulary development in English language teaching (ELT). In this regard, 52 articles published between the years 2000 and 2020 in various scientific journals indexed in several research databases were found by searching relevant keywords. Analysis was conducted employing content analysis and constant comparison method. Some major themes were found such as ‘the learners’ attitudes towards watching videos’, ‘the effects of watching videos on listening skill,’ and ‘the role of subtitles in improving listening skill’ considering the impact of video watching on listening skills; and ‘effects of watching videos on vocabulary development’ and ‘effects of subtitles on vocabulary development’ regarding vocabulary development. The findings presented the effectiveness of different forms of subtitling on learners’ listening skills and vocabulary development as well.

Keywords

• Video
• Listening skill
• Vocabulary
• Subtitle
• L2 learning

THE EFFECTS OF VIDEOS ON LISTENING SKILL AND VOCABULARY IN THE PROCESS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING

Öz

Teknolojideki son gelişmeler ve dil öğretim ve öğreniminde artan video kullanımı göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışma, video kullanımının öğrencilerin dinleme becerileri ve İngilizce öğretiminde kelime dağarcığı gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini incelemek için yapılan çalışmaların ana bulgularını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, çeşitli araştırma veri tabanlarında indekslenmiş bilimsel dergilerde 2000-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanan 52 makale, ilgili anahtar kelimeler taranarak bulunmuştur. İçerik analizi ve sürekli karşılaştırma yöntemi kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Video izlemenin dinleme becerileri üzerindeki etkisini dikkate alarak ‘öğrencilerin video izlemeye yönelik tutumları’, ‘video izlemenin dinleme becerisi üzerindeki etkileri’ ve ‘dinleme becerisini geliştirmede altyazıların rolü’ gibi bazı ana temalar bulunmuştur. Kelime gelişimi ile ilgili, ‘video izlemenin kelime dağarcığı gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri’ ve ‘altyazıların kelime gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri’ temaları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bulgular, farklı alt yazı biçimlerinin öğrencilerin dinleme becerileri ve kelime dağarcığı gelişimi üzerindeki etkililiğini de ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Video
• Dinleme becerisi
• Kelime
• Altyazı
• Yabancı dil öğrenme
• Bütüncül

References

1. Aksu Ataç, B., & Köprülü-Günay, S. (2018). The role of subtitles in foreign language teaching. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 5(3), 525–533.
2. Al-Muhtaseb, D. W. (2012). The impact of English movies and songs on enhancing the English pronunciation and speaking skills of the senior English majors at Hebron University (Unpublished master’s thesis). Hebron University, Palestine.
3. Al-Seghayer, K. (2001). The effect of multimedia annotation modes on L2 vocabulary acquisition: A comparative study. Language Learning & Technology, 5(1), 202–232.
4. Aliyev, A. (2017). Improving English writing skills of non-native undergraduate learners with the help of movies supported by online technologies. Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 2(2), 2-16.
5. Alqahtani, E. T. (2014). Effectiveness of using YouTube on enhancing EFL students' listening comprehension skills. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Al-Imam Muhammad Ibin Saud Islamic University
6. Arndt, H. L., & Woore, R. (2018). Vocabulary learning from watching YouTube videos and reading blog posts. Language Learning and Technology, 22(3), 124–142.
7. Aziz, F., & Fathiyyaturrizqi, F. (2017). Using movie to improve students’ narrative writing skill. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR),82, 207-210.
8. Bal-Gezegin, B. (2014). An investigation of using video vs. audio for teaching vocabulary. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 450–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.516

9. Balbay, S., & Kilis, S. (2017). Students' perceptions of the use of a YouTube channel specifically designed for an academic speaking skills course. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 235–251.
10. Başaran, H. F., & Durmuşoğlu Köse, G. (2013). The effects of captioning on EFL learners’ listening comprehension. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 702–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.112
11. BavaHarji, M., Alavi, Z. K., & Letchumanan, K. (2014). Captioned instructional video: Effects on content comprehension, vocabulary acquisition and language proficiency. English Language Teaching, 7(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v7n5p1
12. Benmouhoub, L. (2014). YouTube videos as pedagogical tools to improve EFL learners’ oral fluency (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Bejaia, Algeria.
13. Birulés-Muntané, J., & Soto-Faraco, S. (2016). Watching subtitled films can help learning foreign languages. PLoS ONE, 11(6), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158409
14. Boeije, H. (2002). A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Quality & Quantity, 36, 391–409. https://doi.org/10.1023/A
15. Chien, C., Huang, Y., & Huang, P. (2020). YouTube Videos on EFL College Students’ Listening Comprehension. English Language Teaching, 13(6), 96. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n6p96
16. Christmals, C. Dela, & Gross, J. J. (2017). An integrative literature review framework for postgraduate nursing research reviews. European Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 5(1), 7–15.
17. Corson, D. (1995). Using English words. Dordecht: Kluwer Academic.
18. Çakır, D. (2006). The use of video as an audio-visual material in foreign language teaching classroom. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 5(4), 67-72.
19. Dehaki, M. M. (2017). The effect of watching videos on listening comprehension of Iranian intermediate EFL learners in public schools. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 4(6), 214–222. http://www.jallr.com/index.php/JALLR/article/download/678/pdf678
20. Ebrahimi, Y., & Bazaee, P. (2016). The Effect of watching English movies with standard subtitles on EFL learners’ content and vocabulary comprehension. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 3(5), 284–295.
21. Ergenekon, B. (2016). Using films for writing reaction-response essay: A class-room action research on Turkish ESP learners. International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics, 2(2), 73-78.
22. Etemadi, A. (2012). Effects of bimodal subtitling of English movies on content comprehension and vocabulary recognition. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(1), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v2n1p239
23. Fazilatfar, A. M., Shahin, G., & Samavarchi, L. (2012). The effect of standard and reversed subtitling versus no subtitling mode on L2 vocabulary learning. The Journal of Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), 3(1), 43–64.
24. Ghasemboland, F., & Nafissi, Z. (2012). The effects of using English captions on Iranian EFL Students’ listening comprehension. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 64, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.013
25. Gorjian, B. (2014). The effect of movie subtitling on incidental vocabulary learning among EFL learners. ICETSR-Handbook on the Emerging Trends in Scientific Research, 816–826. http://www.aessweb.com/pdf-files/ijass-2014-4(9)-1013-1026.pdf
26. Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English language teaching. Essex, England, Longman: Pearson.
27. Hayati, A., & Mohmedi, F. (2011). The effect of films with and without subtitles on listening comprehension of EFL learners. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(1), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01004.x
28. Heriyanto, D. (2015). The effectiveness of using Youtube for vocabulary mastery. ETERNAL English Language Teaching, 6(1), 1–12.
29. Hsu, C. K., Hwang, G. J., Chang, Y. T., & Chang, C. K. (2013). Effects of video caption modes on English listening comprehension and vocabulary acquisition using handheld devices. Educational Technology and Society, 16(1), 403–414.
30. Huang, H. C., & Eskey, D. E. (1999). The effects of closed-captioned television on the listening comprehension of intermediate English as a second language (ESL) students. J. Educational Technology Systems, 28(1), 75-96.
31. Ina, L. (2014). Incidental foreign-language acquisition by children watching subtitled television programs. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 13(4), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.34.30van
32. Jahanyfard, A. (2015). The effects of captioned video on learning English idiomatic expressions among ESL learners in the advance level. The University of Toledo.
33. Kabooha, R., & Elyas, T. (2015). The impacts of using YouTube videos on learning vocabulary in Saudi EFL classrooms. Proceedings of ICERI 2015, December 2016, 3525–3531.
34. Kanellopoulou, C., Kermanidis, K. L., & Giannakoulopoulos, A. (2019). The dual-coding and multimedia learning theories: Film subtitles as a vocabulary teaching tool. Education Sciences, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030210
35. Karakaş, A., & Sarıçoban, A. (2012). The impact of watching subtitled animated cartoons on incidental vocabulary learning of ELT students. Teaching English with Technology, 12(4), 3–15.
36. Kusumawati, E. (2019). The effect of watching English movies with subtitles on ESP students’ content and vocabulary comprehension: A study conducted at an Indonesia polytechnic engineering. Science, Engineering, Education, and Development Studies (SEEDS): Conference Series, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.20961/seeds.v2i2.27514
37. Latifi, M., Mobalegh, A., & Mohammadi, E. (2016). Movie subtitles and the improvement of listening comprehension ability: Does it help? The Journal of Language Learning and Teaching, 1(2), 18–29.
38. Luo, C. P. (2008). An action research plan for developing and implementing the students’ listening comprehension skills. English Language Teaching, 1(1), 25-28.
39. Manan, K. A. A. (2018). Applying English video learning materials in teaching listening. English Education Journal, 9(4), 527–540.
40. Mardani, M., & Najmabadi, A. (2016). The effect of movies with different types of subtitles on incidental English vocabulary learning of Iranian high school EFL learners. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 4(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.5n.6p.34
41. Markham, P., & Peter, L. (2003). The influence of English language and Spanish language captions on foreign language listening/reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 31(3), 331–341. https://doi.org/10.2190/bhuh-420b-fe23-ala0
42. Matthew, G. (2020). The effect of adding same-language subtitles to recorded lectures for non-native, english speakers in e-learning environments. Research in Learning Technology, 28(1063519), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v28.2340
43. Maxwell, J. (2006). Literature reviews of, and for, educational research: A commentary on Boote and Beile's "Scholars before Researchers". Educational Researcher, 35(9), 28-31. Retrieved October 31, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4124800.
44. Metruk, R. (2018). The effects of watching authentic English videos with and without subtitles on listening and reading skills of EFL learners. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(6), 2545–2553. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/90088
45. Metruk, R. (2019). Using English movies and TV programs for developing listening skills of EFL learners. Information Technologies and Learning Tools, 70(2), 227. https://doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v70i2.2488
46. Montero Perez, M., Peters, E., & Desmet, P. (2018). Vocabulary learning through viewing video: The effect of two enhancement techniques. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(1–2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1375960
47. Morley, J. (1991). Listening comprehension in second/foreign language instruction. In M. Celce-Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (2nd ed.) (pp. 81-106). Boston: Heinle and Heinle.
48. Mousavi, F., & Gholami, J. (2014). Effects of watching flash stories with or without subtitle and reading subtitles on incidental vocabulary acquisition. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1273–1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.543
49. Mustafa, P., & Erişti, B. (2019). The effects of authentic video materials on foreign language listening skill development and foreign language listening anxiety at different levels of English proficiency. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 6(1), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.567863
50. Napikul, S., Cedar, P., & Roongrattanakool, D. (2018). The effects of film subtitles on English listening comprehension and vocabulary. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(6), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.104
51. Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology. New York: Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd.
52. Oladunjoye, O. S. (2017). Teaching vocabulary using film and video: The development of senior secondary students’ registers. International Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(2), 83–90.
53. Pattemore, A., & Muñoz, C. (2020). Learning L2 constructions from captioned audio-visual exposure: The effect of learner-related factors. System, 93, 102303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102303
54. Perez, M. M., Peters, E., Clarebout, G., & Desmet, P. (2014). Effects of captioning on video comprehension and incidental vocabulary learning. Language Learning and Technology, 18(1), 118–141.
55. Peters, E., Heynen, E., & Puimège, E. (2016). Learning vocabulary through audiovisual input: The differential effect of L1 subtitles and captions. System, 63, 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.10.002
56. Peters, E., & Leuven, K. (2018). The effect of out-of-class exposure to English language media on learners’ vocabulary knowledge. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 169(1), 142–168. https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.00010.pet
57. Pujadas, G., & Muñoz, C. (2019). Extensive viewing of captioned and subtitled TV series: a study of L2 vocabulary learning by adolescents. Language Learning Journal, 47(4), 479–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2019.1616806
58. Rahmatian, R., & Armiun, N. (2011). The effectiveness of audio and video documents in developing listening comprehension skill in a foreign language. International Journal of English Linguistics, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v1n1p115
59. Read, J. (2004). Research in teaching vocabulary. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 24, 146-161.
60. Richard W. G.(1988) An analysis of the constant comparative method. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 1(3), 273-279
61. Richards, J. C., & Gordon, D. B. (2004). New interchange intro: Video teacher’s guide. New York: Cambridge University Press.
62. Rokni, S., & Ataee, A. (2014). Movies in EFL classrooms: With or without subtitles. The Dawn Journal, 3(1), 715–726.
63. Russell, C. L. (2005). An overview of the integrative research review. Progress in Transplantation. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15839365
64. Sadeghi, K., & Farzizadeh, B. (2013). The effect of visually-supported vocabulary instruction on beginner EFL learners' vocabulary gain. MEXTESOL Journal, 37(1), 1-12.
65. Seferoğlu, G. (2008). Using feature films in language classes. Educational Studies, 34(1), 1–9.
66. Shamsaddini, M. R., Ghanbari, B., & Nemitazadeh, S. (2015). The effect of watching movies with and without subtitles on Iranian EFL learners’ listening comprehension. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods, 4(2), 168–177.
67. Sinyashina, E. (2019). The effect of repetition on incidental legal vocabulary learning through long-term exposure to authentic videos. ESP Today, 7(1), 44–67. https://doi.org/10.18485/esptoday.2019.7.1.3
68. Sirmandi, E. H., & Sardareh, S. A. (2016a). Improving Iranian intermediate EFL learners ’ vocabulary knowledge through watching video clips with English subtitles. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 3(6), 175–187.
69. Sirmandi, E. H., & Sardareh, S. A. (2016b). The effect of BBC World clips with and without subtitles on intermediate EFL learners’ vocabulary development. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(4), 61–69.
70. Vandergrift, L. (2003). Orchestrating strategy use: Toward a model of the skilled second language listener. Language Learning, 53, 463–496.
71. Vanderplank, R. (2015). “Effects of” and “effects with” captions: How exactly does watching a TV programme with same-language subtitles make a difference to language learners? Language Teaching, 49(2), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444813000207
72. Wagner, E. (2010). The effect of the use of video texts on ESL listening test-taker performance. Language Testing, 27(4), 493–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532209355668
73. Winke, P., Gass, S., & Sydorenko, T. (2010). The effects of captioning videos used for foreign language listening activities. Language Learning & Technology, 14(1), 65–86.
74. Woottipong, K. (2014). Effect of using video materials in the teaching of listening skills for university students. International Journal of Linguistics, 6(4), 200. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v6i4.5870
75. Yang, J. C., Huang, Y. T., Tsai, C. C., Chung, C. I., & Wu, Y. C. (2009). An automatic multimedia content summarization system
76. Yuksel, D., & Tanriverdi, B. (2009). Effects of watching captioned movie clip on vocabulary development of EFL learners. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET, 8(2), 48–54.
77. Zoghi, M., & Mirzaei, M. (2014). A comparative study of textual and visual contextualization on Iranian EFL learners ’ vocabulary learning. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 2(3), 31–40.