Research On Outdoor Classrooms Design in School Gardens

Year 2023, , 558 - 586, 16.12.2023

Elif Şatıroğlu , Selda Al Şensoy , Abdullah Yasin Dündar

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1335264

Abstract

Outdoor classrooms, one of the oldest educational approaches that have existed, bringing learning through the common denominator with nature to the agenda, first emerged in England as a reform movement in education at the end of the 1950s. Outdoor classrooms are a rare educational structure that allows students to interact with nature and experience the opportunities of this interaction with their fully digitalised interaction potentials. In the study, examples of open-air classrooms, which are almost non-existent in Türkiye, have been analysed with inductive content analysis by understanding them with the semi-structured interview technique conducted with architects and landscape architects who are teachers and practitioners. In the end, considering all the evaluations, it was determined that the effects of outdoor classes on students were grouped into four categories: effects on cognitive, psychomotor, development, affective, and social development. Beyond only using a theoretical approach, exemplary outdoor classroom models were developed and interpreted.

Keywords

Outdoor classroom, spatial education, classroom design, school garden

Okul Bahçelerinde Açık Hava Sınıfı Tasarımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Tarihsel anlamda en eski eğitim yaklaşımlarından biri olan, doğa ile ortak payda üzerinden öğrenmenin yeniden gündeme gelmesini sağlayan açık hava sınıfları, 1950’li yılların sonundan itibaren, eğitimde bir reform hareketi olarak ilk önce İngiltere’de ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha sonraları Amerika’da da uygulamaları görülen açık hava sınıfları, günümüzde tam anlamıyla dijitalleşen etkileşim ve iletişim potansiyelleri ile, öğrencilerin doğa ile etkileşime geçmesine ve bu etkileşimin fırsatlarını deneyimlemesine imkân veren nadir eğitim yapılarından biridir. Çalışmada, Türkiye’de örneklerine yok denilecek kadar az rastlanan açık hava sınıfları, öğretmenler, mimar ve peyzaj mimarları ile gerçekleştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile anlamlandırılarak, tümevarımcı içerik analizi ile çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, tüm değerlendirmeler ışığında, açık hava sınıflarının öğrenci üzerindeki etkilerinin genel olarak dört grupta toplandığı saptanmıştır. Bunlar; bilişsel, devinişsel, gelişime etkisi, duyuşsal ve sosyal gelişime yönelik etkileridir. Sadece kuramsal bir yaklaşım ile ele almanın ötesinde, örnek açık hava sınıfı modelleri geliştirilerek yorumlanmıştır.

Keywords

Açık hava sınıfı, mekansal eğitim, sınıf tasarımı, okul bahçesi

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