The Use of Waste Corn Cob as Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar

Kübra Ekiz Barış

doi:10.30785/mbud.1342696

EN TR

The Use of Waste Corn Cob as Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the effects of waste corn cob aggregate on the properties of volcanic tuff-based geopolymer mortar. Nevşehir Pozzolan, which is produced as waste during the stone-cutting process, was used as an aluminosilicate source. The effect of alkali activator type, concentration, activator ratio, and sand-to-corn cob ratio on the properties was experimentally investigated. Study results revealed that waste Nevşehir Pozzolan was a suitable aluminosilicate for the production of geopolymer mortar. The optimum activator type, concentration, and activator ratios were sodium hydroxide with sodium silicate, 10 M, and 2.0, respectively, because they ensured the highest mechanical properties. Waste corn cob aggregate could be used instead of natural sand, and geopolymer mortar with various corn cob contents can meet the performance requirements of conventional wall materials.

Keywords

Corn cob, waste aggregate, natural pozzolan, geopolymer mortar

Thanks

The article complies with national and international research and publication ethics. Ethics Committee approval was not required for the study.

References

Adesanya, D. A. (1996). Evaluation of blended cement mortar, concrete and stabilized earth made from ordinary Portland cement and corn cob ash. Construction and Building Materials, 10(6), 451-456. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (12.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(96)00001-3
Adesanya, D. A. & Raheem, A. A. (2009). Development of corn cob ash blended cement. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), 347-352. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (13.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.013
Alaneme, G. U., Olonade, K. A. & Esenogho, E. (2023). Eco-friendly agro-waste based geopolymer-concrete: a systematic review. Discover Materials, 3(14). Access Address (13.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-023- 00052-8
Alsalman, A., Assi, L. N., Kareem, R. S., Carter, K. & Ziehl, P. (2021). Energy and CO2 emission assessments of alkali- activated concrete and Ordinary Portland Cement concrete: a comparative analysis of different grades of concrete. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 3, 100047. Online ISSN: 2666-7894. Access Address (11.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100047
Aransiola, E. F., Oyewusi, T. F., Osunbitan, J. A., & Ogunjimi, L. A. O. (2019). Effect of binder type, binder concentration and compacting pressure on some physical properties of carbonized corncob briquette. Energy Reports, 5, 909-918. Online ISSN: 2352-4847. Access Address (10.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.07.011
ASTM C518-17. (2021). Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus. ASTM, West Conshohocken.
Azevedo, A. R. G., Cruz, A. S. A., Marvila, M. T., de Oliveira, L. B., Monteiro, S. N., Vieira, C. M. F., Fediuk, R., Timokhin, R., Vatin, N. & Daironas, M. (2021). Natural fibers as an alternative to synthetic fibers in reinforcement of geopolymer matrices: A comparative review. Polymers, 13(15), 2493. Access Address (10.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152493
Barış K.E. (2022). Doğal puzolan esaslı hafif jeopolimer duvar malzemesi (Ph.D. thesis). Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Istanbul. Accessed from database Access Address (14.07.2023): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Binici, H., Aksogan, O. & Demirhan, C. (2016). Mechanical, thermal and acoustical characterizations of an insulation composite made of bio-based materials. Sustainable Cities and Society, 20, 17-26. Online ISSN: 2210- 6707. Access Address (10.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.09.004
Binici, H., Sevinç, A. H., Eken, M. & Demirhan, C. (2014). Mısır Koçanı Katkılı Isı Yalıtım Malzemesi Üretimi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 13-26. Access Address (12.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.242831

Bovo, M., Giani, N., Barbaresi, A., Mazzocchetti, L., Barbaresi, L., Giorgini, L., Torreggiani, D. & Tassinari, P. (2022). Contribution to thermal and acoustic characterization of corn cob for bio-based building insulation applications. Energy and Buildings, 262, 111994. Online ISSN: 0378-7788. Access Address (9.12.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111994
Choi, J. Y., Nam, J., Yun, B. Y., Kim, Y. U. & Kim, S. (2022). Utilization of corn cob, an essential agricultural residue difficult to disposal: Composite board manufactured improved thermal performance using microencapsulated PCM. Industrial Crops and Products, 183, 114931. Online ISSN: 0926-6690. Access Address (12.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114931
Corinaldesi, V., Mazzoli, A. & Siddique, R. (2016). Characterization of lightweight mortars containing wood processing by-products waste. Construction and Building Materials, 123, 281-289. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (12.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.011
Faustino, J., Pereira, L., Soares, S., Cruz, D., Paiva A, Varum H, Ferreira, J. & Pinto, J. (2012). Impact sound insulation technique using corn cob particleboard. Construction and Building Materials, 37, 153-159. Online ISSN: 0950- 0618. Access Address (12.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.064
Firdous, R., Stephan, D. & Djobo, J. N. Y. (2018). Natural pozzolan based geopolymers: A review on mechanical, microstructural and durability characteristics. Construction and Building Materials, 190, 1251-1263. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (15.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.191
Garcia-Lodeiro, I., Palomo, A. & Fernández-Jiménez, A. (2015). An Overview of the Chemistry of Alkali-Activated Cement-Based Binders. F. Pacheco-Torgal, J.A. Labrincha, C. Leonelli, A. Palomo, P. Chindaprasirt (Eds.). Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes. Elsevier (Ocak 2015), No. 2, Bölüm 2. (19-47). ISBN: 978-0-85709-028-7. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
Güzel A.G. (1993). Ponza katkılı tuğla üretimi ve bu tuğlaların mekanik ve boşluk özelliklerinin incelenmesi (Ph.D. thesis). Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Istanbul. Accessed from database Access Address (14.07.2023): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Hadi, M. N. S., Zhang, H. & Parkinson, S. (2019). Optimum mix design of geopolymer pastes and concretes cured in ambient condition based on compressive strength, setting time and workability. Journal of Building Engineering, 23, 301-313. Online ISSN: 2352-7102. Access Address (10.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.02.006
He, Z., Han, X., Zhang, M., Yuan, Q., Shi, J. & Zhan, P. (2022). A novel development of green UHPC containing waste concrete powder derived from construction and demolition waste. Powder Technology, 398, 117075. Online ISSN: 0032-5910. Access Address (10.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117075
Kani, E. N. & Allahverdi, A. (2009). Effect of chemical composition on basic engineering properties of inorganic polymeric binder based on natural pozzolan. Ceramics – Silikáty, 53(3), 195-204.
Khiari, R., Mhenni, M.F., Belgacem, M.N. & Mauret, E. (2010). Chemical composition and pulping of date palm rachis and Posidonia oceanica - a comparison with other wood and non-wood fibre sources. Bioresource Technology, 101(2), 775-780. Online ISSN: 0960-8524. Access Address (10.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.079
Kocataşkın, F. (2000). Yapı malzemesi bilimi- özelikler ve deneyler. İstanbul: Birsen Yayınevi.
Laborel-Préneron, A., Magniont, C. & Aubert, J.-E. (2018). Hygrothermal properties of unfired earth bricks: Effect of barley straw, hemp shiv and corn cob addition. Energy and Buildings, 178, 265-278. Online ISSN: 0378-7788. Access Address (9.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.08.021
Memon, S. A., Javed, U. & Khushnood, R. A. (2019). Eco-friendly utilization of corncob ash as partial replacement of sand in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 195, 165-177. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (9.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.063
Nadoushan, M. J. & Ramezanianpour, A. A. (2016). The effect of type and concentration of activators on flowability and compressive strength of natural pozzolan and slag- based geopolymers. Construction and Building Materials, 111, 337-347. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (01.02.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.086
Nath, P. & Sarker, P. K. (2014). Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient condition. Construction and Building Materials, 66, 163-171. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (11.02.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.080
Pacheco-Torgal, F., Castro-Gomes, J. & Jalali, S. (2008). Alkali-activated binders: A review Part 1, Historical background, terminology, reaction mechanisms and hydration products. Construction and Building Materials, 22(7), 1305-1314. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (12.02.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.015
Panagiotopoulou, C. H., Kontori, E., Perraki, T. H. & Kakali, G. (2007). Dissolution of aluminosilicate minerals and by-products in alkaline media. Journal of Material Science, 42, 2967-2973. Access Address (12.06.2023): https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0531-8
Pinto, J., Paiva, A., Varum, H., Costa, A., Cruz, D., Pereira, S., Fernandes, L., Tavares, P. & Agarwal, J. (2011). Corn's cob as a potential ecological thermal insulation material. Energy and Buildings, 43(8), 1985-1990. Online ISSN: 0378-7788. Access Address (15.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.04.004
Pinto, J., Vieira, B., Pereira, H., Jacinto, C., Vilela, P., Paiva, A., Pereira, S., Cunha, V. M. C. F. & Varum, H. (2012). Corn cob lightweight concrete for non-structural applications. Construction and Building Materials, 34, 346-351. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (15.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.043
Ramos, A., Briga-Sá, A., Pereira, S., Correia, M., Pinto, J., Bentes, I. & Teixeira, C. A. (2021). Thermal performance and life cycle assessment of corn cob particleboards. Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 102998. Online ISSN: 2352-7102. Access Address (16.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102998
Risdanareni, P., Ekaputri, J. J. & Triwulan, T. (2015). The influence of alkali activator concentration to mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete with trass as a filler. Material Science Forum, 803, 125-134. Access Address (17.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.4028/www.sci entific.net/MSF.803.125
Shao, K., Du, Y. & Zhou, F. (2021). Feasibility of using treated corn cob aggregates in cement mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 271, 121575. Online ISSN: 0950-0618. Access Address (14.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121575
Takada, M., Niu, R., Minami, E. & Saka, S. (2018). Characterization of three tissue fractions in corn (Zea mays) cob. Biomass and Bioenergy, 115, 130-135. Online ISSN: 0961-9534. Access Address (15.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.04.023
Tsai, W. T., Chang, C. Y, Wang, S. Y., Chang, C. F., Chien, S. F. & Sun, H. F. (2001). Cleaner production of carbon adsorbents by utilizing agricultural waste corn cob. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 32(1), 43-53. Online ISSN: 0921-3449. Access Address (15.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(00)00093-8
TS 825. (2013). Thermal Insulation Requirements for Buildings. TSE, Ankara.
TS 25. (2008). Tras. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 771-1+A1. (2015). Specification for Masonry Units - Part 1: Clay Masonry Units. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 771-2+A1. (2015). Specification for Masonry Units - Part 2: Calcium Silicate Masonry Units. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 771-3+A1. (2015). Specification for Masonry Units - Part 3: Aggregate Concrete Masonry Units (Dense and Lightweight Aggregates). TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 12602. (2016). Prefabricated Reinforced Components of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 196-6. (2010). Methods of Testing Cement – Part 6: Determination of Fineness. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 196-1. (2009). Çimento Deney Metotları - Bölüm 1: Dayanım Tayini. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 12350-5. (2019). Testing Fresh Concrete - Part 5: Flow Table Test. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 13755. (2009). Natural Stone Test Methods – Determination of Water Absorption at Atmospheric Pressure. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 14579. (2006). Natural Stone Test Methods – Determination of Sound Speed Propagation. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 1015-10. (2001). Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry – Part 10: Determination of Dry Bulk Density of Hardened Mortar. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 1925. (2000). Natural Stone Test Methods – Determination of Water Absorption Coefficient by Capillarity. TSE, Ankara.
TS EN 12086. (2013). Thermal Insulating Products for Building Applications - Determination of Water Vapour Transmission Properties. TSE, Ankara.
TS ISO 1920-8. (2011). Testing of Concrete -- Part 8: Determination of Drying Shrinkage of Concrete for Samples Prepared in the Field or in the Laboratory. TSE, Ankara.
Türk, M. S., Sevinç, A. H., Durgun, M. Y. & Uras, Y. (2022). Farklı tane boyutuna sahı̇p öğütülmüş atık mısır koçanının alçı esaslı kompozı̇tlerde değerlendı̇rı̇lmesı̇. KSÜ Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(4), 681-690. Access Address (13.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1152749
Viel, M., Collet, F. & Lanos, C. (2018). Chemical and multi-physical characterization of agro-resources’ by- product as a possible raw building material. Industrial Crops and Products, 120, 214-237. Online ISSN: 0926- 6690. Access Address (16.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.025
Wang, P., Liu, H., Guo, H., Yu, Y., Guo, Y., Yue, G., Li, Q. & Wang, L. (2023). Study on preparation and performance of alkali-activated low carbon recycled concrete: Corn cob biomass aggregate. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 23, 90-105. Online ISSN: 2238-7854. Access Address (14.07.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.12.164
Xu, H. & Van Deventer, J. S. J. (2000). The geopolymerisation of alumino-silicate minerals. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 59(3), 247-266. Online ISSN: 0301-7516. Access Address (01.03.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00074-5
Xu, M., Huang, Q., Lu, J. & Niu, J. (2021). Green synthesis of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials from agricultural corncob waste by mild potassium hydroxide soaking and a one-step carbonization. Industrial Crops and Products, 161, 113215. Online ISSN: 0926-6690. Access Address (01.03.2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113215
Yaşar, E. & Erdoğan, Y. (2005). Asidik (Nevşehir) ve Bazik (Osmaniye) Pomzaların Yapı Sektöründe Değerlendirilmesi. 19. Uluslararası Madencilik Kongresi, 09-12 Haziran (s. 409-418), İzmir, Türkiye. Access Address (12.07.2023): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353039442_Asidik_Nevsehir_ve_Bazik_Osmaniye_Pomzalarin_Ya pi_Sektorunde_Degerlendirilmesi

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Materials and Technology in Architecture

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Kübra Ekiz Barış ^*
0000-0002-3830-7185
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 16, 2023

Submission Date

August 14, 2023

Acceptance Date

November 1, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 8 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1342696

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA56ME85TW

APA

Ekiz Barış, K. (2023). The Use of Waste Corn Cob as Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 8(2), 713-734. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1342696

AMA

1.Ekiz Barış K. The Use of Waste Corn Cob as Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar. JASA. 2023;8(2):713-734. doi:10.30785/mbud.1342696

Chicago

Ekiz Barış, Kübra. 2023. “The Use of Waste Corn Cob As Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 8 (2): 713-34. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1342696.

EndNote

Ekiz Barış K (December 1, 2023) The Use of Waste Corn Cob as Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 8 2 713–734.

IEEE

[1]K. Ekiz Barış, “The Use of Waste Corn Cob as Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar”, JASA, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 713–734, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.30785/mbud.1342696.

ISNAD

Ekiz Barış, Kübra. “The Use of Waste Corn Cob As Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 8/2 (December 1, 2023): 713-734. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1342696.

JAMA

1.Ekiz Barış K. The Use of Waste Corn Cob as Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar. JASA. 2023;8:713–734.

MLA

Ekiz Barış, Kübra. “The Use of Waste Corn Cob As Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, vol. 8, no. 2, Dec. 2023, pp. 713-34, doi:10.30785/mbud.1342696.

Vancouver

1.Kübra Ekiz Barış. The Use of Waste Corn Cob as Aggregate in Geopolymer Mortar. JASA. 2023 Dec. 1;8(2):713-34. doi:10.30785/mbud.1342696