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İnovasyon Değerinin Yaratılmasında Mimarın Rolünün Walter Gropius'un Çalışmaları Bağlamında Analizi

Year 2021, , 97 - 114, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.881914

Abstract

Tarihte insan yaşamını etkileyen yeni süreçler ve teknolojiler sadece yeni olmakla değil, var olan fikirlerin farklı bir şekilde hayata geçirilmesiyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Mühendislik tarihte çoğunlukla inşaat bilgisini yönlendiren ve yenilikleri geliştiren yegâne meslek olarak görülmüştür. Modern Hareket’in öncüleri olan mimarlar bu imajı değiştirmeye çalıştıklarında, hayatın her alanında sanayi ve makineleşmenin kabul görmesine karşılık mimarı geleneksel sanatsal statüsünden uzaklaştırmakla suçlanmıştır. Bu makale, mimarların endüstriyel inşaat yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesindeki rolünün yanı sıra, prefabrikasyon alanındaki inovatif katkılarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu incelemede tarama ve çapraz başvurulara dayanan tartışma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Mimari tasarım düşüncesinin inşaat inovasyonunun ortaya çıkmasındaki etkisi, inovasyon teorileri ile mimari tasarım ve üretim düşüncesi bağlamındaki literatürün tartışılmasında Modernizmin önemli temsilcilerinden Walter Gropius’un çalışmaları örnek alınmıştır. Sonuçta mimarın rol oynadığı inovasyon süreçleri üç temel başlıkta yorumlanmıştır.

Thanks

Makalede, ulusal ve uluslararası araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur. Çalışmada etik kurul izni gerekmemiştir.

References

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  • Alvis, J. A. M. (2017). Through a Technique of Building, Icon, 23, 83-112.
  • Anlage Katalog Kupferhäuser, katalog no:12. Erişim adresi (10.01.2021): https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/3743/3/Dokument_16.pdf.
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  • Imperiale, A. (2012). An American Wartime Dream: The Packaged House System of Konrad Wachsmann and Walter Gropius, 2012 ACSA Fall Conference: OFFSITE, Philadelphia: Temple University, Modular Building Institute, 39-43. Erişim adresi (05.11.2020): https://www.acsa-arch.org/proceedings/ Fall%20Conference%20Proceedings/ACSA.FALL.12/ACSA.FALL.12.8.pdf.
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  • Lundvall, B. A. (2007). National Innovation Systems: Analytical Concept and Development Tool, Industry and Innovation, 14(1), 95-119. doi:10.1080/13662710601130863.
  • Manley, K. (2008). Against The Odds: Small Firms in Australia Successfully Introducing New Technology on Construction Projects, Research Policy, 37(10), 1751-1764. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.07.013.
  • Manseau, A. (2005). Building Tomorrow: Innovation in Construction and Engineering, Kindle Edition, Taylor & Francis, 409-411.
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  • Miozzo, M. ve Dewick, (2004). Innovation in Construction: A European Analysis, Edward Elgar Publishing, 13-15.
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Analysis of the Architect's Role in Creating Innovation Value in the Context of Walter Gropius's Works

Year 2021, , 97 - 114, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.881914

Abstract

Engineering has been widely accepted as the only profession that directs and develops construction knowledge. When the leading architects of the Modern Movement in Architecture tried to change this image, they were accused of distancing the architect from the traditional artistic status despite the acceptance of industry and mechanization in all areas of life. In the history of construction, important innovations, which are often associated with prefabrication, have been realized as a result of architects' design approaches that interpret function and construction together. The aim of this article is to examine the effect of architectural design thinking on the emergence of construction innovation. The literature in the context of innovation theories and architectural design and production thought was discussed through Walter Gropius, one of the important representatives of Modernism. As a result, the impact of the architect on construction innovations was evaluated and the innovation processes they contributed to were identified.

References

  • Abrahamson, E. (1996). Management fashion. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 254-285.
  • Alvis, J. A. M. (2017). Through a Technique of Building, Icon, 23, 83-112.
  • Anlage Katalog Kupferhäuser, katalog no:12. Erişim adresi (10.01.2021): https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/3743/3/Dokument_16.pdf.
  • Arieff, A. ve Burkhart, B. (2002). Prefab, 1st edition, Layton: Gibbs Smith, 24-25.
  • Bayer, H., Gropius, W., ve Gropius, I. (Ed.). (1938). Bauhaus, 1919-1928, CT Branford Company, 17, 110-111.
  • Bonenberg, W. ve Kapliński, O. (2017). Knowledge is the key to innovation in architectural design, Procedia Engineering, 208, 2-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.013.
  • Bowley, M. (1966). The British building industry: Four studies in response and resistance to change, 1st edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 169-170.
  • Brookes, A. J. ve Poole, D. (2012). Innovation in Architecture: A Path to the Future, 1st edition, New York & London: Taylor & Francis, 1-16.
  • Burkhart, B. ve Arieff, A. (2002). Prefab, 1st edition, Layton: Gibbs Smith, 24-25.
  • Carsten Janssen / cc-by-sa-2.0-de (2021). File:Fagus Gropius Hauptgebaeude 200705 wiki front.jpg. (2021, January 31). Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Erişim adresi (03.05.2021): https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fagus_Gropius_Hauptgebaeude_200705_wiki_front.jpg&oldid=529526621.
  • Carvalho, O. (2007). The Revolutionary Mentality, Çev. Tiago Tondineli, A mentalidade revolucionária, Diário do Comércio. Erişim adresi (13.12.2020): http://againstred.blogspot.com/2007/09/revolutionary-mentality-by-olavo-de.html.
  • Davis, Gajendran, T. Vaughan, J. ve Owi, T. (2016). Assessing construction innovation: theoretical and practical perspectives, Construction Economics and Building, 16(3), 104-115. doi:10.5130/AJCEB.v16i3.5178.
  • Deamer, (2000). Detail: The Subject of the Object, Praxis, 1(1), 108-115.
  • Dosi, G. (1988). Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation, Journal of Economic Literature, 26(3), 1120-1171.
  • Freeman, C. ve Soete, L. (1997). The Economics of Industrial Innovation, 3rd edition, Oxon: Routledge, 197.
  • Frier, M. Fisker, A. M. ve Kirkegaard, H. (2010). Prefab-Interiority: Design Principles for a Sensuous Prefab Practice, Design Principles and Practice: An International Journal, 4(2),415-426. Erişim adresi (15.01.2021): http://ijg.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.154/prod.390.
  • Godin, B. (2008). Innovation: the History of a Category. Project on the Intellectual History of Innovation, Working Paper, Montreal: INRS, 1-67. Erişim adresi (12.11.2020): http://www.csiic.ca/PDF/IntellectualNo1.pdf.
  • Gropius, W. (1927). Wege zur fabrikatorischen Hausherstellung, In Bau und Wohnung, Deutscher Werkbund, Stuttgart: Akad. Verlag Dr. Fr. Wedekind & Co., 61.
  • Gropius, W. (1930). Bauhausbauten Dessau, Walter Gropius & László Moholy-Nagy (Ed.). Bauhausbücher 12, Munich: A. Langen. 161.
  • Herbert, G. (1984). The Dream of the Factory-Made House: Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann, 1st edition, Cambridge: Mit Press.
  • Hoffa, H. (1961). Walter Gropius Innovator, Art Education, 14(1), 22-28.
  • Imperiale, A. (2012). An American Wartime Dream: The Packaged House System of Konrad Wachsmann and Walter Gropius, 2012 ACSA Fall Conference: OFFSITE, Philadelphia: Temple University, Modular Building Institute, 39-43. Erişim adresi (05.11.2020): https://www.acsa-arch.org/proceedings/ Fall%20Conference%20Proceedings/ACSA.FALL.12/ACSA.FALL.12.8.pdf.
  • Jones, D. E. (2017). Walter Gropius and the (Not So) Infinite Possibilities of Prefabrication. Erişim adresi (24.11.2020): https://aiacalifornia.org/walter-gropius-and-prefab/.
  • Jönsson, R. (2013). Fred Forbat and the History of Functionalism, Nordic Journal of Architectural Research, 16(4), 79-85. Erişim adresi (05.01.2021): http://arkitekturforskning.net/na/article/download/300/260.
  • Kamien, M. I. ve Schwartz, N. L. (1982). Market Structure and Innovation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2.
  • Kavak, Ç. (2009). Bilgi Ekonomisinde Inovasyon Kavramı ve Temel Göstergeleri, Akademik Bilişim’09- XI. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı, 11-13 Şubat, Şanlıurfa: Harran Üniversitesi, 617-628. Erişim adresi (16.01.2021): https://ab.org.tr/ab09/kitap/kavak_inovasyon_AB09.pdf.
  • Kinnunen, J. (1996). Gabriel Tarde as a Founding Father of Innovation Diffusion Research, Acta Sociologica, 39(4), 431-442. Erişim adresi (05.01.2021): https://www.jstor.org/stable/4194846.
  • Kleinsmann, M. Valkenburg, R. ve Sluijs, J. (2017). Capturing the Value of Design Thinking in Different Innovation Practices, International Journal of Design, 11(2), 25-40.
  • Koeper, H. F. (2020). Walter Gropius, Encyclopedia Britannica, Erişim adresi (03.01.2021): https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walter-Gropius.
  • Kunkel, U. (2006). Kupferhäuser der Hirsch Kupfer- und Messingwerke aus Eberswalde-Finow, 1930 – 33 … in die Jahre gekommen, db deutsche bauzeitung, Erişim adresi (03.01.2021): https://www.db-bauzeitung.de/db-themen/schwerpunkt/in-die-jahre-gekommen-25/.
  • Lennartz, M. W. ve Jacob-Freitag, (2015). New Architecture in Wood: Forms and Structures, Birkhäuser, 8.
  • Loureiro, F. (2014). The Revolutionary Mind of Walter Gropius: Architectural Utopias for the Machine Age, Utopian Studies, 25(1), 174-193. doi:10.5325/utopianstudies.25.1.0174.
  • Lundvall, B. A. (2007). National Innovation Systems: Analytical Concept and Development Tool, Industry and Innovation, 14(1), 95-119. doi:10.1080/13662710601130863.
  • Manley, K. (2008). Against The Odds: Small Firms in Australia Successfully Introducing New Technology on Construction Projects, Research Policy, 37(10), 1751-1764. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.07.013.
  • Manseau, A. (2005). Building Tomorrow: Innovation in Construction and Engineering, Kindle Edition, Taylor & Francis, 409-411.
  • Meyrick, J. (2016). Exactly what is innovative about the word ‘innovation’?, Erişim adresi (08.12.2020): https://theconversation.com/exactly-what-is-innovative-about-the-word-innovation-58720.
  • Miozzo, M. ve Dewick, (2004). Innovation in Construction: A European Analysis, Edward Elgar Publishing, 13-15.
  • Moe, K. ve Smith, R. (2012). Introduction: systems, technics, and society, Building Systems: Design Technology and Society, Kiel Moe & Ryan E. Smith (Ed.), New York: Routledge, 1-9.
  • Mumford, L. (1934). Technics and Civilization, San Diego: Hartcourt Brace and Co., 13-20.
  • Nerdinger, W. (1988). Walter Gropius: opera completa, Segrate: Edizioni Electa, 70.
  • Nierendorf, K., (1923). Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar 1919–1923, Weimar and Munich: Bauhausverlag. 169-170.
  • OECD, (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3. Basım (Dijital kopya), Paris: OECD Publishing, Erişim adresi (05.11.2020): https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264013100en.pdf?expires=1610794466&id=id&accname=guest&checksum= 0150B3015F3A0406CF41FC99219734C8.
  • Ogburn, W. F. (1941). National Policy and Technology, Technology And Society: The Influences of Machines in The United States, Rosen M. & Rosen L. (Ed.), New York: Macmillan Co., 3-29.
  • Piroozfar, P. ve Farr, E. R. (2013). Evolution of Nontraditional Methods of Construction: 21st Century Pragmatic Viewpoint, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 19(2), 119-133. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000078.
  • Prochiner, F. (2006). Homes 24 (Doktorarbeit). Münih: Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Architektur, 25.
  • Rodríguez, L. F. ve Monrabal, C. (2011). El General Panel System de Konrad Wachsmann y Walter Gropius, 1941, Actas del Séptimo Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción, Santiago, 375-385, Erişim adresi (12.12.2020): https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4133200.
  • Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovations, 3rd Edition, New York: Free Press.
  • Röder, S., ve Elliott, F. (1998). " Moderne Baukunst" 1900-14: The Architectural Collection of the Deutscher Werkbund. The Journal of the Decorative Arts Society 1850-the Present, (22), 4-17. Erişim adresi (26.12.2020): http://www.jstor.org/stable/41809268.
  • Rupnik, I. (2012). Industrialized Housing Delivery and The Role of the Architect, Kiel Moe & Ryan E. Smith (Ed.), Building Systems: Design Technology and Society (86-103). New York: Routledge.
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İlkay Koman 0000-0002-2195-3594

Publication Date July 1, 2021
Submission Date February 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Koman, İ. (2021). İnovasyon Değerinin Yaratılmasında Mimarın Rolünün Walter Gropius’un Çalışmaları Bağlamında Analizi. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 6(1), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.881914