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User-Centered Approaches in Conventional and Autonomous Truck Design and Future Effects on Environmental Design

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı, 104 - 113, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1023350

Abstract

Meeting the world’s increasing need for transportation today soon requires the development of autonomous vehicle systems. User-centered approaches in industrial design are crucial to advance technological, mechanical, and equipment specifications and provide effective driving experiences. This study analyzes conventional and new generation autonomous vehicles through user-centered design (UCD) and drivers’ experiences. Turkish company BMC and the new truck series “Tuğra” are selected. Participants are truck drivers, designers, engineers, and specialists. Observations and face-to-face interviews investigated comfort, usefulness, usability, desirability, accessibility, credibility, findability, and value from the elements of user experience design within the truck, as well as users’ awareness of UCD. Credibility and usability were among the highest-ranked principles. The participants provided valuable information for the design development of trucks, and ideas for future problems and solutions. Further multidisciplinary research that focuses on technical, as well as social and ethical issues is essential in this new and emerging area.

Thanks

This article was produced from a master's thesis, advised by Prof. Dr. Önder Küçükerman and Prof. Dr. Deniz Hasırcı, completed in the Design Studies program, Graduate School at İzmir University of Economics, and presented at the IArcSAS-2021 1st International Architectural Sciences and Applications Symposium, Isparta, Turkey held October 27-29, 2021. The article complies with national and international research and publication ethics. This article was edited by Lecturer Pamela McArthur from the İzmir University of Economics for academic English. The authors would like to express their gratitude for her valuable contribution to the overall work. The authors would also like to thank the BMC Company for their kind support of the study and permission for the visuals, as well as all participants who took part in the study, providing valuable feedback.

References

  • BMC Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş., (2021). Available at: https://www.bmc.com.tr. ERTRAC Working Group, (2017). Connectivity and Automated Driving: Automated Driving Roadmap. Belgium: European Technology Platform.
  • Ferreira, A. (2017). Universal UX Design: Building Multicultural User Experience. Cambridge: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • Frost & Sullivan. (2016). ADAS, Health and Wellness, Connectivity, and Autonomous Vehicle Road Maps, 2025: Automotive Systems Face Disruption from Electrification and Cognitive Convergence. Mountain View, CA.
  • Gasson, S. (2003). Human-centered vs. user-centered approaches to İnformation system design. The Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), 5(2), 29-46.
  • Gladkiy, S. (2018). User-centered design: Process and Benefit. Available at: https://uxplanet.org/user-centered-design-process-and-benefits-fd9e431eb5a9.
  • Holweg M. (2008). The Evolution of competition in the automotive İndustry. Parry G., Graves A. (eds), Build To Order (pp.13-34). London: Springer. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-225-8_2
  • IDEO.org. (2015). The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design. Canada: Design Kit. [Adobe Digital Editions version]. Available at: https://d1r3w4d5z5a88i.cloudfront.net/assets/guide/Field%20Guide%20to%20Human-Centered%20Design_IDEOorg_English-0f60d33bce6b870e7d80f9cc1642c8e7.pdf
  • ISO, 11992-2:2014(en). (2014). Road vehicles- Interchange of digital information on electrical connections between towing and towed vehicles — Part 2: Application layer for brakes and running gear. Available at: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:11992:-2:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4
  • Jaafarnia, M. & Bass, A. (2011). Tracing the Evolution of Automobile design: Factors influencing the development of aesthetics in automobiles from 1885 to the present. Proceedings of the IMProVe 2011 International Conference on Innovative Methods in Product Design. Venice, Italy. 15 – 17 June 2011.
  • Kirstin, H. (2013). Ucd, Ux, Usability – So What’s The Difference? Available at https://blogs.uoregon.edu/uxuo/2013/09/20/ucd-ux-usability-so-whats-the-difference/.
  • Küçükerman, Ö. (2008). Türk Otomotiv Sanayii ve 40. Yılında Tofaş 1968-2008. İstanbul: Tofaş Türk Otomobil Fabrikası A.Ş.
  • Lewis, A.M. (2017). Automated Vehicles: Technology Development and Deployment. Workshop on Governance of Automated Vehicles, Geneva.
  • Lumsden, K. (2004). Truck Masses and Dimensions - Impact on Transport Efficiency. The ACEA Scientific Advisory Group Report, European Automobile Manufacturers Association, Belgium.
  • Maccoby, E.E. & Maccoby, N. (1954). The interview: A tool of social science: Handbook of Social Psychology. Cambridge: Addison-Wesley.
  • Morville, P. (2014). Intertwingled: Information Changes Everything. Michigan: Semantic Studios.
  • Pillkahn, B. (2011). Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft: Inventors become company founders, Strong influence from investors. Stuttgart: Daimler Communications.
  • Quesenbery, W. & Brooks, K. (2010). Storytelling for User Experience: Crafting Stories for Better Design. New York: Rosenfeld Media.
  • Walker, G.H. & Stanton, N.A. (2015). Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology (1st ed.). London: CRC Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315587356

User-Centered Approaches in Conventional and Autonomous Truck Design and Future Effects on Environmental Design

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı, 104 - 113, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1023350

Abstract

Dünyanın her gün artan ulaşım ihtiyacını bugün ve yakın gelecekte karşılaması için, otonom araç sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi hız kazanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, kamyon sürücüleri için endüstriyel tasarımda kullanıcı odaklı yaklaşımların, teknolojik, mekanik, ekipman spesifikasyonlarını geliştirebilmek için önemi büyüktür. Bu çalışmada geleneksel ve yeni nesil otonom araçlar kullanıcı odaklı tasarım ve sürücü deneyimleri anlamında incelenmektedir. Durum incelemesi olarak Türk BMC şirketi ve yeni kamyon serisi “Tuğra” seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, kamyon sürücüleri, tasarımcılar, mühendisler ve uzmanlardır. Kamyon iç mekânına yönelik kullanıcı deneyimi tasarım özelliklerinden, yararlılık, kullanım kolaylığı, çekicilik, ulaşılabilirlik, güvenilirlik, bulunabilirlik ve değer kıstasları ve kullanıcıların kullanıcı odaklı tasarım kıstasları konusundaki farkındalığı, gözlemler ve yüz yüze röportajlar ile incelenmiştir. Kıstaslardan, güvenilirlik ve kullanılabilirlik en yüksek çıkan değerlerden olmuştur. Katılımcılar, kamyonların tasarımsal gelişimine yönelik değerli bilgiler ve geleceğe dönük sorunların çözümleri hakkında ipuçları vermiştir. Bu yeni ve gelişen alanda, ileriye yönelik, teknik konulara ek olarak, sosyal ve etik konulara odaklanması gereken multidisipliner çalışmalar yapılması önemlidir.

References

  • BMC Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş., (2021). Available at: https://www.bmc.com.tr. ERTRAC Working Group, (2017). Connectivity and Automated Driving: Automated Driving Roadmap. Belgium: European Technology Platform.
  • Ferreira, A. (2017). Universal UX Design: Building Multicultural User Experience. Cambridge: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • Frost & Sullivan. (2016). ADAS, Health and Wellness, Connectivity, and Autonomous Vehicle Road Maps, 2025: Automotive Systems Face Disruption from Electrification and Cognitive Convergence. Mountain View, CA.
  • Gasson, S. (2003). Human-centered vs. user-centered approaches to İnformation system design. The Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), 5(2), 29-46.
  • Gladkiy, S. (2018). User-centered design: Process and Benefit. Available at: https://uxplanet.org/user-centered-design-process-and-benefits-fd9e431eb5a9.
  • Holweg M. (2008). The Evolution of competition in the automotive İndustry. Parry G., Graves A. (eds), Build To Order (pp.13-34). London: Springer. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-225-8_2
  • IDEO.org. (2015). The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design. Canada: Design Kit. [Adobe Digital Editions version]. Available at: https://d1r3w4d5z5a88i.cloudfront.net/assets/guide/Field%20Guide%20to%20Human-Centered%20Design_IDEOorg_English-0f60d33bce6b870e7d80f9cc1642c8e7.pdf
  • ISO, 11992-2:2014(en). (2014). Road vehicles- Interchange of digital information on electrical connections between towing and towed vehicles — Part 2: Application layer for brakes and running gear. Available at: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:11992:-2:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4
  • Jaafarnia, M. & Bass, A. (2011). Tracing the Evolution of Automobile design: Factors influencing the development of aesthetics in automobiles from 1885 to the present. Proceedings of the IMProVe 2011 International Conference on Innovative Methods in Product Design. Venice, Italy. 15 – 17 June 2011.
  • Kirstin, H. (2013). Ucd, Ux, Usability – So What’s The Difference? Available at https://blogs.uoregon.edu/uxuo/2013/09/20/ucd-ux-usability-so-whats-the-difference/.
  • Küçükerman, Ö. (2008). Türk Otomotiv Sanayii ve 40. Yılında Tofaş 1968-2008. İstanbul: Tofaş Türk Otomobil Fabrikası A.Ş.
  • Lewis, A.M. (2017). Automated Vehicles: Technology Development and Deployment. Workshop on Governance of Automated Vehicles, Geneva.
  • Lumsden, K. (2004). Truck Masses and Dimensions - Impact on Transport Efficiency. The ACEA Scientific Advisory Group Report, European Automobile Manufacturers Association, Belgium.
  • Maccoby, E.E. & Maccoby, N. (1954). The interview: A tool of social science: Handbook of Social Psychology. Cambridge: Addison-Wesley.
  • Morville, P. (2014). Intertwingled: Information Changes Everything. Michigan: Semantic Studios.
  • Pillkahn, B. (2011). Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft: Inventors become company founders, Strong influence from investors. Stuttgart: Daimler Communications.
  • Quesenbery, W. & Brooks, K. (2010). Storytelling for User Experience: Crafting Stories for Better Design. New York: Rosenfeld Media.
  • Walker, G.H. & Stanton, N.A. (2015). Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology (1st ed.). London: CRC Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315587356
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Industrial Product Design
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nimet Dilaver 0000-0003-3865-0087

Önder Küçükerman This is me 0000-0002-6307-2453

Deniz Hasırcı 0000-0001-9928-6077

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date November 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Dilaver, N., Küçükerman, Ö., & Hasırcı, D. (2022). User-Centered Approaches in Conventional and Autonomous Truck Design and Future Effects on Environmental Design. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7(Özel Sayı), 104-113. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1023350