Scenarios for Increasing the Visual Quality of Erzurum City İpekyolu Bridge Intersection with Different Landscape Designs
Year 2024,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 719 - 736, 26.12.2024
Kübra Gürbüz
,
İşik Sezen
Abstract
Landscaping works are needed to eliminate the monotony of concretion caused by bridge intersections, which increases with traffic density in cities. In this study, where the Erzurum city İpekyolu Intersection is the main material, 3 different scenarios have been created to increase the visual quality of the intersection landscape. A total of 4 visual groups consisting of the current situation of the intersection and the scenarios created in the Lumion Program were evaluated. The survey prepared for the analysis was applied to 80 undergraduate and graduate students at Atatürk University Faculty of Architecture. In the analysis, design elements were considered as evaluation criteria. In Scenario 3, which received the highest score, color and color harmony were effective in the side wall visuality. As a result of the research, it was seen that the design scenarios had higher visual quality than the current situations without design.
Thanks
This article was prepared by Kübra Gürbüz under the supervision of Prof.Dr. Işık Sezen with the title of "Scenarios for Increasing the Visual Quality of Erzurum City Bridge Intersections with Different Landscape Designs" and accepted as a Master's Thesis On 28/01/2021 By Atatürk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Landscape Architecture. There is an ethics committee document dated 19.03.2024 and numbered E-60665420-000-2400101769.
References
- Acar, C. & Güneroğlu Ayhan, N. (2009). A study on linear plant compositions' functionality, visuality and species diversity assessment in Trabzon City. Ecology, 72, 65-73. Online ISSN: 1300-1361. Access Address (06.03.2024): https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20093225441
- Ak, M. M. (2010). A research on the determination and evaluation of
visual quality in the Akçakoca coastline example. (PhD thesis). Ankara
University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of
Landscape Architecture.
- Akoğlu, M. & Akten, M. (2022). Examination of the change in the
perception of space due to the use of light and color in the example of
Antalya Cumhuriyet Square. Journal of Architectural Sciences and
Applications, 7(1), 405-420. Online ISSN: 2548-0170. Access Address
(02.04.2024): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2404753
- Altınçekiç, H. & Altınçekiç, S. Ç. (1996). Planting principles in highway
landscaping works. Highway Landscape Panel in Urban and Rural
Regions, Istanbul, 12-13 March 1996.
- Arriaza, M., Cañas-Ortega, J. F., Cañas-Madueño, J. A. & Ruiz-Aviles, P.
(2004). Assessing the visual quality of rural landscapes. Landscape
and Urban Planning, 69, 115-125. Online ISSN: 1872-6062. Access Address
(06.03.2024):
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016920460300246
9
- Aslan, M. & Akan, H. (2019). A study of natural woody plants of forest in
Şanlıurfa–determination of detection and landscape values of parks
and garden plant. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12(1), 50-65. Online
ISSN: 1308-8084. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/59395/854995
- Austin, R. L. (1982) Designing with Plants, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, USA, p. 188
- Benliay, A., & Soydan, O. (2015). Evaluation of landscape visual quality
and landscape features in the example of the Aspendos-Sillyon-Perge
bicycle route. Artium, 3(1), 48-64. Online ISSN: 2147-6683. Access
Address (10.07.2024): http://artium.hku.edu.tr/en/download/article-
file/25545.
- Booth, N.K. (1990) Basic Elements of Landscape Architectural Design,
Department of Landscape Architectural, Ohio State University, USA,
Waveland Pres, Inc. Illinois, s. 315.
- Bulut, Y. & Atabeyoğlu, Ö. (2010). The Place and Importance of
Landscape Architects in Urban Planning. III. National Black Sea Forestry
Congress Vol 4. (s. 1494-1503). Artvin, Türkiye: Zafer Offset. Access
Address (07.03.2024): https://ticaret.edu.tr/cevre-ve-doga-bilimleri-
uygulama-ve-arastirma-merkezi/wp-
content/uploads/sites/46/2021/11/artvin-kongre-onsayfa-
icindekiler.pdf
- Bulut, Z., Sezen, I., & Karahan, F. (2010). Determination of spring visual
ceremonies of urban fruit trees and shrubs: A case study from Erzurum,
Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 8(1), 289-296. Online
ISSN:1459-0263. Access Address (21.07.2024):
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zoehre-Polat-
2/publication/267860475_Determination_of_spring_visual_ceremoni
es_of_urban_fruit_trees_and_shrubs_A_case_study_from_Erzurum
_Turkey/links/59314a1c45851553b68e26e1/Determination-of-spring-
visual-ceremonies-of-urban-fruit-trees-and-shrubs-A-case-study-
from-Erzurum-Turkey.pdf
- Bulut, Z. & Yılmaz, H. (2008). Determination of landscape beauties
through visual quality assessment method: a case study for Kemaliye
(Erzincan/Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 141(1-3),
121-129. Online ISSN: 1573-2959. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-007-9882-0.pdf
- Büyüköztürk, S. (2008). Scientific Research Methods. Pegem Yayınları,
Ankara, Turkey.
- Çakıcı, I. (2007). A method research for visual landscape evaluation in
landscape planning studies. (PhD thesis). Ankara University Institute of
Science and Technology. Access Address (08.03.2024).
https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12575/34272
- Daniel, T.C. (2001). Whither scenic beauty visual landscape quality
assessment in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning, 54(1-
4), 267-281. Online ISSN: 1872-6062. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204601001414
- Dere, E. E. (2017). Landscape visual analysis and evaluation: TEM
highway example (Master's thesis, Namık Kemal University Institute of
Science and Technology. Access Address (10.07.2024).
https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
- Elinç, H. (2011). Examination of City Parks of Abdurrahman Alaettinoğlu
and Alanya Mayors in Alanya District of Antalya Province with Visual
Quality Assessment Method. (Master's Thesis) Selçuk University Institute
of Science and Technology. Access Address (06.03.2024).
https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
- Güleç, T.F. (2019). City and Landscape
https://www.plantdergisi.com/turkan-fusun-gulec/kent-ve-
peyzaj.html.(24.12.2020).
- Gülgün, B. & Türkyilmaz, B. (2001). The place and importance of
ergonomics in landscape architecture and human life and a research
on the Bornova example. Ege Univ. Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 38(2-
3), 127-134, 2001. Online ISSN: 1018-8851. Access Address (05.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/58955
- Güngör, H. (2005). Basic Design, Esen Publishing House, Istanbul.
- Güngör, S. & Arslan, M. (2004). Swot analysis, visual quality assessment,
preferences of tourism facilities and tourism facilities' conditional
analysis for tourism and recreational strategies: case study for
Beysehir province. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences,
18(33), 68-72. Online ISSN: 2458-8377. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/selcukjafsci/issue/76653/1276935
- Güneroğlu, N. (2017). The effect of restoration process on riparian
landscape. Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 18(1), 10-
20. Online ISSN: 2146-698X. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://ofd.artvin.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/280795
- Gürbüz, K. (2021). Scenarios for Increasing the Visual Quality of Erzurum
City Interchanges with Different Landscape Designs. Master's Thesis.
Atatürk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Department of Landscape Architecture, Erzurum. Access Address
(02.04.2024):
https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
- Gürbüz, K. & Sezen, I. (2023). Scenarios of Improving the Visual Quality
of Erzurum City Mecidiye Bridge Interchange with Different Landscape
Design. III. International Architecture Symposium, December 11-12, 2023
/ Diyarbakır, Türkiye
- Irmak, M. A. & Yılmaz, H. (2010). Visual Analysis of Natural and Cultural
Source Values Considering Different Landscape Character Sites; The
Sample of Erzurum. Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Agriculture
Journal, 27(2), 45-55. Online ISSN: 2147-8848. Access Address
(06.03.2024): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gopzfd/issue/7332/9594
- İslamoğlu, H. (2003). Scientific research methods. Istanbul: Beta Press.
- Kalın, A. (2004). Determination and improvement of visual quality in
environmental preference and evaluation: Trabzon coastline example.
PhD thesis. K.T.U. Institute of Science and Technology, Department of
Landscape Architecture, Trabzon. Access Address (07.03.2024).
file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/156101.pdf
- Kaptanoğlu, C. A. Y. (2006). The effects of visual animation techniques
on user preference in landscape evaluation. PhD thesis. Istanbul
University. Faculty of Forestry, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Department of Landscape Architecture, Istanbul. Access Address
(07.03.2024).
- Karahan, F. & Yilmaz, H. (2004). Visual Quality Assessment of Erzurum-
Rize State Highway Corridor. TMMOB Chamber of Landscape Architects
2nd Congress of Landscape Architecture. Ankara: Chamber of
Landscape Architects.
- Karasar, N. (1982). Scientific Research Method. Ankara: Nadir Bookstore.
- Karaşah, B. (2006). Determination of mistakes made in planting design
in urban texture "Trabzon Example" (Master's Thesis). Karadeniz
Technical University Institute of Science and Technology, Trabzon.
- Müderrisoğlu, H. & Eroğlu, E. (2006). Differences in visual perception of
some coniferous trees under snow load. Süleyman Demirel University
Faculty of Forestry Journal, A(1), 136-146. Online ISSN: 1302-7085. Access
Address (06.03.2024): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-
file/195574
- Namlı, R. (2015). The interchanges and traffic safety. Journal of Erciyes
University Institute of Science and Technology, 31(2), 129-134. Online
ISSN: 1012-2354. Access Address (05.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/erciyesfen/issue/25553/269548
- Önder S. & Polat A.T. (2004). Visual quality assessment and swot
analysis ecotourism aspect for Karapınar country of Konya. Selcuk
Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 18(33), 80-86. Online ISSN:
2458-8377. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/selcukjafsci/issue/76653/1276960
- Özcan, Y. (2022). Examination of woody plant taxa used in urban areas
in the context of ecosystem services; Rize city example (Master's
thesis). Artvin Çoruh University/Graduate Education Institute
- Özdamar, K. (2003). Modern Scientific Research Methods. Eskişehir:
Kaan Bookstore.
- Özhancı, E. & Yılmaz, H. (2013). Photo safari oriented visual landscape
analysis of the mountains reserving different landscape characters.
Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 44(1), 83-89. Online ISSN: 2979-9686.
Access Address (09.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunizfd/issue/3026/42031
- Özgeriş, M. & Karahan, F. (2015). A study on visual quality assessment in
recreational facilities: sample of Tortum and Uzundere (Erzurum). Artvin
Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 16(1), 40-49. Online ISSN:
2146-698X. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://ofd.artvin.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/25887
- Robinson, N., (2004). The Planting Design Handbook, Second Edition,
Ashgate Publishing, England, s. 287.
- Sağlık, A., Kelkit, A., Sağlık, E. & Kahvecioğlu, C. (2020). ÇOMÜ Terzioğlu
Campus Landscape Plants. Ankara: Pozitif Printing House.
- Sarı, D. & Karaşah, B. (2018). A research on preferences of planting
design elements, principles and approaches in landscape design
applications. Megaron, 13(3). Online ISSN: 1309-6915. Access Address
(21.07.2024): https://jag.journalagent.com/megaron/pdfs/MEGARON-
29981-ARTICLE-SARI.pdf
- Seçkin, Ö.B. (1997). Landscape structures II. Istanbul: Faculty of Forestry
Publications.
- Sezen, I. & Yılmaz, S. (2010). Visual assessment for the evaluation of
Erzurum-Bayburt-Of Highways as scenic road. Scientific Research and
Essay, 5(4), 366-377. Online ISSN: 1992-2248. Access Address
(06.03.2024): http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE
- Sezen, I. (2015). Visual Quality Analysis for Roadside Landscape Scenes
of Erzurum-Erzincan (Turkey) Highway Route. R. Efe ve diğerleri (Ed.).
Environment and Ecology at the Beginning of 21st Century. Chapter 9.
(p: 138-152). ISBN 978-954-07-3999-1. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski
University Press.
- Sezen, I., Demircan, N., Karahan, F. & Polat, Z. (2015). Assessment of
Visual Quality in Geomorphologic Landscape: Case Study of Tortum
Creek Valley, Uzundere District (Erzurum/Turkey). R. Efe ve diğerleri (Ed.).
Environment and Ecology at the Beginning of 21st Century. Chapter 40.
(p: 556-569). ISBN 978-954-07-3999-1. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski
University Press.
- Sezen, I., Külekçi, E. A. & Keleş, B. (2019). Visual Quality Analysis of Urban
Roadside Trees for Autumn Color Effects: The Case of Erzurum City.
Urban Academy, 12 (40-4), 739-751. Online ISSN: 2146-9229.
- Smith, C. J. (2011). Designing Gardens with Plants Shapes, The Crowood
Press, p. 128.
- Söğüt, Z. (2005). Urban green links and Adana city. Akdeniz University
Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 18(1), 113-124. Online ISSN: 2528-9675.
Access Address (05.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akdenizfderg/issue/1581/19639
- Şekerci, C., Özgen, E. & Dündar, Z. (2016). The Importance of Color in
Space Design. B.C. Arabacıoğlu (Ed.). National Space Design
Symposium Themed Boundary Between Inside and Outside (pp: 13-23).
- Turgut, H., Atabeyoğlu, Ö., Yılmaz, H. & Irmak, M. A. (2012). Evaluating
different planting design compositions for visual landscape quality in
street planting. Artvin Çoruh University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 13(1),
49-66. Online ISSN: 2146-1880. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://ofd.artvin.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/25772
- Uzun, G. (1999). Basic Design, Çukurova University Faculty of Agriculture
General Publication No: 196 Textbooks Publication No: A-62, Adana, p.
214.
- Yayla, N. (2011). Highway Engineering. İstanbul: Birsen Publishing House.
- Yazıcı, K. (2017). Functional-aesthetic evaluation of urban road
plantings and examination of existing planting designs: Tokat example.
Agricultural Engineering, 364, 30-39. Online ISSN: 2651-4494. Access
Address (05.03.2024): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-
file/494663
- Yazıcıoğlu, Y. (2004). SPSS Applied Scientific Research Methods. Ankara:
Detay Publishing.
- Yuca, N., & Aşur, F. (2022). Visual landscape quality assessment in the
example of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University-Ferit Melen Airport highway
route. Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 59(1), 135-145.
Online ISSN: 2548-1207. Access Address (10.07.2024):
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.850123
- Yücel, E. (2012). Trees and Shrubs. İstanbul: Türmatsan Organized
Printing.
- Zhang, X., Xiong, X., Chi, M., Yang, S., & Liu, L. (2024). Research on visual
quality assessment and landscape elements influence mechanism of
rural greenways. Ecological Indicators, 160, 111844.
Farklı Peyzaj Tasarımları ile Erzurum Kenti İpekyolu Köprülü Kavşağının Görsel Kalitesinin Artırılması Senaryoları
Year 2024,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 719 - 736, 26.12.2024
Kübra Gürbüz
,
İşik Sezen
Abstract
Kentlerde trafik yoğunluğuyla artan köprülü kavşaklarla oluşan betonlaşmanın monotonluğu gidermek için peyzaj çalışmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Erzurum kenti İpekyolu Köprülü Kavşağı’nın ana materyali oluşturduğu bu çalışmada köprülü kavşağın yan duvar, üst geçit, kavşak peyzaj görselliğini artırmaya yönelik 3 farklı senaryo oluşturulmuştur. Köprülü kavşağın mevcut durumu ve Lumion Programı’nda oluşturulan senaryolardan oluşan toplam 4 görsel grup değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz için hazırlanan anket Atatürk Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi’nde lisans ve lisansüstü eğitim gören 80 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Analizde tasarım unsurları değerlendirme kriterleri olarak ele alınmıştır. En yüksek puanı alan Senaryo 3’de yan duvar görselliğinde renk ve renk harmonisi etkili olmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda tasarım senaryolarının, tasarım yapılmayan mevcut durumlardan daha yüksek görsel kaliteye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
References
- Acar, C. & Güneroğlu Ayhan, N. (2009). A study on linear plant compositions' functionality, visuality and species diversity assessment in Trabzon City. Ecology, 72, 65-73. Online ISSN: 1300-1361. Access Address (06.03.2024): https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20093225441
- Ak, M. M. (2010). A research on the determination and evaluation of
visual quality in the Akçakoca coastline example. (PhD thesis). Ankara
University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of
Landscape Architecture.
- Akoğlu, M. & Akten, M. (2022). Examination of the change in the
perception of space due to the use of light and color in the example of
Antalya Cumhuriyet Square. Journal of Architectural Sciences and
Applications, 7(1), 405-420. Online ISSN: 2548-0170. Access Address
(02.04.2024): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2404753
- Altınçekiç, H. & Altınçekiç, S. Ç. (1996). Planting principles in highway
landscaping works. Highway Landscape Panel in Urban and Rural
Regions, Istanbul, 12-13 March 1996.
- Arriaza, M., Cañas-Ortega, J. F., Cañas-Madueño, J. A. & Ruiz-Aviles, P.
(2004). Assessing the visual quality of rural landscapes. Landscape
and Urban Planning, 69, 115-125. Online ISSN: 1872-6062. Access Address
(06.03.2024):
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016920460300246
9
- Aslan, M. & Akan, H. (2019). A study of natural woody plants of forest in
Şanlıurfa–determination of detection and landscape values of parks
and garden plant. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12(1), 50-65. Online
ISSN: 1308-8084. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/59395/854995
- Austin, R. L. (1982) Designing with Plants, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, USA, p. 188
- Benliay, A., & Soydan, O. (2015). Evaluation of landscape visual quality
and landscape features in the example of the Aspendos-Sillyon-Perge
bicycle route. Artium, 3(1), 48-64. Online ISSN: 2147-6683. Access
Address (10.07.2024): http://artium.hku.edu.tr/en/download/article-
file/25545.
- Booth, N.K. (1990) Basic Elements of Landscape Architectural Design,
Department of Landscape Architectural, Ohio State University, USA,
Waveland Pres, Inc. Illinois, s. 315.
- Bulut, Y. & Atabeyoğlu, Ö. (2010). The Place and Importance of
Landscape Architects in Urban Planning. III. National Black Sea Forestry
Congress Vol 4. (s. 1494-1503). Artvin, Türkiye: Zafer Offset. Access
Address (07.03.2024): https://ticaret.edu.tr/cevre-ve-doga-bilimleri-
uygulama-ve-arastirma-merkezi/wp-
content/uploads/sites/46/2021/11/artvin-kongre-onsayfa-
icindekiler.pdf
- Bulut, Z., Sezen, I., & Karahan, F. (2010). Determination of spring visual
ceremonies of urban fruit trees and shrubs: A case study from Erzurum,
Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 8(1), 289-296. Online
ISSN:1459-0263. Access Address (21.07.2024):
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zoehre-Polat-
2/publication/267860475_Determination_of_spring_visual_ceremoni
es_of_urban_fruit_trees_and_shrubs_A_case_study_from_Erzurum
_Turkey/links/59314a1c45851553b68e26e1/Determination-of-spring-
visual-ceremonies-of-urban-fruit-trees-and-shrubs-A-case-study-
from-Erzurum-Turkey.pdf
- Bulut, Z. & Yılmaz, H. (2008). Determination of landscape beauties
through visual quality assessment method: a case study for Kemaliye
(Erzincan/Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 141(1-3),
121-129. Online ISSN: 1573-2959. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-007-9882-0.pdf
- Büyüköztürk, S. (2008). Scientific Research Methods. Pegem Yayınları,
Ankara, Turkey.
- Çakıcı, I. (2007). A method research for visual landscape evaluation in
landscape planning studies. (PhD thesis). Ankara University Institute of
Science and Technology. Access Address (08.03.2024).
https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12575/34272
- Daniel, T.C. (2001). Whither scenic beauty visual landscape quality
assessment in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning, 54(1-
4), 267-281. Online ISSN: 1872-6062. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204601001414
- Dere, E. E. (2017). Landscape visual analysis and evaluation: TEM
highway example (Master's thesis, Namık Kemal University Institute of
Science and Technology. Access Address (10.07.2024).
https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
- Elinç, H. (2011). Examination of City Parks of Abdurrahman Alaettinoğlu
and Alanya Mayors in Alanya District of Antalya Province with Visual
Quality Assessment Method. (Master's Thesis) Selçuk University Institute
of Science and Technology. Access Address (06.03.2024).
https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
- Güleç, T.F. (2019). City and Landscape
https://www.plantdergisi.com/turkan-fusun-gulec/kent-ve-
peyzaj.html.(24.12.2020).
- Gülgün, B. & Türkyilmaz, B. (2001). The place and importance of
ergonomics in landscape architecture and human life and a research
on the Bornova example. Ege Univ. Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 38(2-
3), 127-134, 2001. Online ISSN: 1018-8851. Access Address (05.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/58955
- Güngör, H. (2005). Basic Design, Esen Publishing House, Istanbul.
- Güngör, S. & Arslan, M. (2004). Swot analysis, visual quality assessment,
preferences of tourism facilities and tourism facilities' conditional
analysis for tourism and recreational strategies: case study for
Beysehir province. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences,
18(33), 68-72. Online ISSN: 2458-8377. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/selcukjafsci/issue/76653/1276935
- Güneroğlu, N. (2017). The effect of restoration process on riparian
landscape. Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 18(1), 10-
20. Online ISSN: 2146-698X. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://ofd.artvin.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/280795
- Gürbüz, K. (2021). Scenarios for Increasing the Visual Quality of Erzurum
City Interchanges with Different Landscape Designs. Master's Thesis.
Atatürk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Department of Landscape Architecture, Erzurum. Access Address
(02.04.2024):
https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
- Gürbüz, K. & Sezen, I. (2023). Scenarios of Improving the Visual Quality
of Erzurum City Mecidiye Bridge Interchange with Different Landscape
Design. III. International Architecture Symposium, December 11-12, 2023
/ Diyarbakır, Türkiye
- Irmak, M. A. & Yılmaz, H. (2010). Visual Analysis of Natural and Cultural
Source Values Considering Different Landscape Character Sites; The
Sample of Erzurum. Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Agriculture
Journal, 27(2), 45-55. Online ISSN: 2147-8848. Access Address
(06.03.2024): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gopzfd/issue/7332/9594
- İslamoğlu, H. (2003). Scientific research methods. Istanbul: Beta Press.
- Kalın, A. (2004). Determination and improvement of visual quality in
environmental preference and evaluation: Trabzon coastline example.
PhD thesis. K.T.U. Institute of Science and Technology, Department of
Landscape Architecture, Trabzon. Access Address (07.03.2024).
file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/156101.pdf
- Kaptanoğlu, C. A. Y. (2006). The effects of visual animation techniques
on user preference in landscape evaluation. PhD thesis. Istanbul
University. Faculty of Forestry, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Department of Landscape Architecture, Istanbul. Access Address
(07.03.2024).
- Karahan, F. & Yilmaz, H. (2004). Visual Quality Assessment of Erzurum-
Rize State Highway Corridor. TMMOB Chamber of Landscape Architects
2nd Congress of Landscape Architecture. Ankara: Chamber of
Landscape Architects.
- Karasar, N. (1982). Scientific Research Method. Ankara: Nadir Bookstore.
- Karaşah, B. (2006). Determination of mistakes made in planting design
in urban texture "Trabzon Example" (Master's Thesis). Karadeniz
Technical University Institute of Science and Technology, Trabzon.
- Müderrisoğlu, H. & Eroğlu, E. (2006). Differences in visual perception of
some coniferous trees under snow load. Süleyman Demirel University
Faculty of Forestry Journal, A(1), 136-146. Online ISSN: 1302-7085. Access
Address (06.03.2024): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-
file/195574
- Namlı, R. (2015). The interchanges and traffic safety. Journal of Erciyes
University Institute of Science and Technology, 31(2), 129-134. Online
ISSN: 1012-2354. Access Address (05.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/erciyesfen/issue/25553/269548
- Önder S. & Polat A.T. (2004). Visual quality assessment and swot
analysis ecotourism aspect for Karapınar country of Konya. Selcuk
Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 18(33), 80-86. Online ISSN:
2458-8377. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/selcukjafsci/issue/76653/1276960
- Özcan, Y. (2022). Examination of woody plant taxa used in urban areas
in the context of ecosystem services; Rize city example (Master's
thesis). Artvin Çoruh University/Graduate Education Institute
- Özdamar, K. (2003). Modern Scientific Research Methods. Eskişehir:
Kaan Bookstore.
- Özhancı, E. & Yılmaz, H. (2013). Photo safari oriented visual landscape
analysis of the mountains reserving different landscape characters.
Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 44(1), 83-89. Online ISSN: 2979-9686.
Access Address (09.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunizfd/issue/3026/42031
- Özgeriş, M. & Karahan, F. (2015). A study on visual quality assessment in
recreational facilities: sample of Tortum and Uzundere (Erzurum). Artvin
Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 16(1), 40-49. Online ISSN:
2146-698X. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://ofd.artvin.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/25887
- Robinson, N., (2004). The Planting Design Handbook, Second Edition,
Ashgate Publishing, England, s. 287.
- Sağlık, A., Kelkit, A., Sağlık, E. & Kahvecioğlu, C. (2020). ÇOMÜ Terzioğlu
Campus Landscape Plants. Ankara: Pozitif Printing House.
- Sarı, D. & Karaşah, B. (2018). A research on preferences of planting
design elements, principles and approaches in landscape design
applications. Megaron, 13(3). Online ISSN: 1309-6915. Access Address
(21.07.2024): https://jag.journalagent.com/megaron/pdfs/MEGARON-
29981-ARTICLE-SARI.pdf
- Seçkin, Ö.B. (1997). Landscape structures II. Istanbul: Faculty of Forestry
Publications.
- Sezen, I. & Yılmaz, S. (2010). Visual assessment for the evaluation of
Erzurum-Bayburt-Of Highways as scenic road. Scientific Research and
Essay, 5(4), 366-377. Online ISSN: 1992-2248. Access Address
(06.03.2024): http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE
- Sezen, I. (2015). Visual Quality Analysis for Roadside Landscape Scenes
of Erzurum-Erzincan (Turkey) Highway Route. R. Efe ve diğerleri (Ed.).
Environment and Ecology at the Beginning of 21st Century. Chapter 9.
(p: 138-152). ISBN 978-954-07-3999-1. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski
University Press.
- Sezen, I., Demircan, N., Karahan, F. & Polat, Z. (2015). Assessment of
Visual Quality in Geomorphologic Landscape: Case Study of Tortum
Creek Valley, Uzundere District (Erzurum/Turkey). R. Efe ve diğerleri (Ed.).
Environment and Ecology at the Beginning of 21st Century. Chapter 40.
(p: 556-569). ISBN 978-954-07-3999-1. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski
University Press.
- Sezen, I., Külekçi, E. A. & Keleş, B. (2019). Visual Quality Analysis of Urban
Roadside Trees for Autumn Color Effects: The Case of Erzurum City.
Urban Academy, 12 (40-4), 739-751. Online ISSN: 2146-9229.
- Smith, C. J. (2011). Designing Gardens with Plants Shapes, The Crowood
Press, p. 128.
- Söğüt, Z. (2005). Urban green links and Adana city. Akdeniz University
Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 18(1), 113-124. Online ISSN: 2528-9675.
Access Address (05.03.2024):
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akdenizfderg/issue/1581/19639
- Şekerci, C., Özgen, E. & Dündar, Z. (2016). The Importance of Color in
Space Design. B.C. Arabacıoğlu (Ed.). National Space Design
Symposium Themed Boundary Between Inside and Outside (pp: 13-23).
- Turgut, H., Atabeyoğlu, Ö., Yılmaz, H. & Irmak, M. A. (2012). Evaluating
different planting design compositions for visual landscape quality in
street planting. Artvin Çoruh University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 13(1),
49-66. Online ISSN: 2146-1880. Access Address (06.03.2024):
https://ofd.artvin.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/25772
- Uzun, G. (1999). Basic Design, Çukurova University Faculty of Agriculture
General Publication No: 196 Textbooks Publication No: A-62, Adana, p.
214.
- Yayla, N. (2011). Highway Engineering. İstanbul: Birsen Publishing House.
- Yazıcı, K. (2017). Functional-aesthetic evaluation of urban road
plantings and examination of existing planting designs: Tokat example.
Agricultural Engineering, 364, 30-39. Online ISSN: 2651-4494. Access
Address (05.03.2024): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-
file/494663
- Yazıcıoğlu, Y. (2004). SPSS Applied Scientific Research Methods. Ankara:
Detay Publishing.
- Yuca, N., & Aşur, F. (2022). Visual landscape quality assessment in the
example of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University-Ferit Melen Airport highway
route. Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 59(1), 135-145.
Online ISSN: 2548-1207. Access Address (10.07.2024):
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.850123
- Yücel, E. (2012). Trees and Shrubs. İstanbul: Türmatsan Organized
Printing.
- Zhang, X., Xiong, X., Chi, M., Yang, S., & Liu, L. (2024). Research on visual
quality assessment and landscape elements influence mechanism of
rural greenways. Ecological Indicators, 160, 111844.