Şeker pancarı bitkisinin damla sulama sistemi ile uygulanan farklı sulama seviyelerine ve mikrobesin elementlerine karşı tepkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 219 - 227, 01.08.2019

Selçuk Özbay Murat Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.515644

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, farklı sulama seviyelerinde yaprak gübresinin uygulandığı
ve uygulanmadığı konularda şeker pancarı (Beta
vulgaris L.) cv. esperanza bitkisinin gelişimi, kök ve şeker verimi üzerine
etkilerini belirlemek için 2016 yılında yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada üç farklı
sulama seviyesi uygulanmış olup bunlar; tam sulama (D_1.00), orta
stres (D_0.66) ve aşırı stres (D_0.33) konularından
oluşmuştur. Su kısıtına ek olarak, her bir sulama uygulamasında, mikrobesin
maddelerini içeren yaprak gübresinin uygulandığı ve uygulanmadığı konular
mevcuttur. Uygulanan su kısıtının şiddeti; bitki gelişimini, kök ve şeker
verimini önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir. Tam sulama konusunda (D_1.00) aşırı
su stresinin yaşandığı (D_0.33) konuya doğru azalan sulama suyu
miktarı şeker pancarı gelişimini sınırlamış ve bitkilerin küçük kalmasına neden
olmuştur. Tam sulama konusunda sulama suyu miktarı ve bitki su tüketimi
sırasıyla 867 mm ve 894 mm olmuştur. Öyleki, sulama suyu ihtiyacının tam
karşılanması ve yapraklara mikrobesin maddelerinin uygulanması kök (13 899
kg da^-1) ve şeker (2 246 kg da^-1) verimi üzerine
önemli bir etki yapmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tüm gelişim dönemi süresince, şeker
pancarının su ihtiyacı tam karşılanmalıdır, fakat su kısıtı söz konusu ise
ekonomik bir verim almak için olgunlaşma döneminde su kısıtına gidilebilir
çünkü şeker pancarının çimlenme ve vejetatif gelişme dönemlerinde kısıtlı
sulama suyuna karşı çok hassas olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

Şeker pancarı, Damla sulama, Su stresi, Yaprak, Mikro besin elementleri

The response of sugar beet to different irrigation levels and foliar application of micronutrients under drip irrigation system

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. esperanza to different water levels and foliar application of micronutrients in 2016. Three irrigation regimes were applied; well watered (D_1.00), moderate stress (D_0.66), and severe stress (D_0.33). In each irrigation treatment, there were two different applications as being foliar application of mixed micronutrients and not. The degree of water deficit had significant effects on the growth, root and sugar yield. Decreasing amount of water from D_1.00 treatment to D_0.33 treatment restricted sugar beet development, and caused plants to be small. The amount of irrigation water and evapotranspiration in the full irrigation treatment were 867 mm and 894 mm, respectively. Therefore, compensating full water requirement and foliar application of micronutrients had a significant effect on the root (13 899 kg da^-1) and sugar yield (2 246 kg da^-1). It is concluded that full water requirement of sugar beet should be met throughout the entire growing season, but if water scarcity exists water may be saved just only in the ripening period to get an economical yield since during the establishment and vegetative periods of sugar beet was more sensitive to limited water supply.

Keywords

Sugar beet, Drip irrigation, Water stress, Foliar, Micronutrients

References

• Albayrak M, Gunes E, Gulcubuk B (2010) The effects of irrigation methods on input use and productivities of sugar beet in Central Anatolia, Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 188-195.
• Ayla Ç (1986) Ankara Koşullarında Kısıntılı Su Uygulaması İle Şekerpancarnın Su-Verim İlişkisi. Köy Hizmetleri Ankara Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
• Blum A (2005) Drought resistance, water-use efficiency and yield potential are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive? Australian Journal of Agricultural Reseach 56, 1159-1168.
• Carruthers A, Oldfield JFT (1960) Methods fort he assessment of beet quality. Intrl.Sugar J. 63: 137-139.
• Chaves MM, Pereira JS, Maroco J, Rodrigues ML, Ricardo CPP, Osorio ML (2002) How plants cope with water stress in the field, photosynthesis and growth, Annals of Botany Vol. 89. pp. 907-916.
• Cleland J (2013) World population growth; past, present and future, Environ Researche Econ 55: 543-554.
• Doorenbos J, Kassam AH (1979) Yield Response to Water, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 143.
• Dragovic S (2000) Irrigation. Edit. Research Institute Of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, 179.
• Draycott AP, Christenson DR (2003) Nutrients for Sugar Beet Production. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA. pp. 242.
• Ertas MR (1984) Konya Ovası Koşullarında Sulama Suyu Miktarında Yapılan Kısıntının Şekerpancarı Verimine Etkileri, Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Genel Yayın No: 100, Rapor Serisi No: 82.
• Fabeiro C, SantaOlalla M, Lopez R, Dominguez A (2003) Production and Quality of Sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) Cultivated Under Controlled Deficit İrrigation Condition İn Semi-Arid Climate. Agric. Water Manage 62: 215-227.
• Faber M, Shi S, Bloh WV, Bondeau A, Cramer W (2016) Mediterranean irrigation under climate change: more efficient irrigation needed to compensate for increases in irrigation water requirements. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 20: 953-973.
• Hillel D, Guron Y (1975) Relation between evapotranspiration rate and maize yield. Water Res. 9: 743-748.
• Hosseinpour M, Sorooshzadeh A, Aghaalikhani M, Khoramian M, Taleghani DF (2006) Evaluation Of Quantity And Quality Of Sugar beet Under Drip And Furrow Irrigation Methods in North of Khuzestan. J. Sugar beet 22(1): 39-57.
• Howell T (2001) Enhancing water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture. Argon Journal 93: 281-289.
• Ilbeyi A (2001) Türkiye'de Bitki Su Tüketimleri Tahmininde Kullanılacak Bitki Katsayılarının Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Anabilim Dalı, s. 179, Ankara (In Turkish).
• Jaggard K W, Dewar AM, Pidgeon JD (1998) The relative effects of drought stres and virus yellows on theyield of sugar beet in the UK, 1980–95. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 130: 337–343.
• Jensen ME, Erie LJ (1971) Irrigation and water management. In: Advances in sugar beet production: Principle sand practices. (Eds. R.T. Johnson, G.E. Rush, G.I. Hawkes). Iowa State University Press, pp. 189-222.
• Kar G, Kumar A (2007) Effect of irrigation and straw mulch on water use and tuber yield of potato in eastern India. Agricultural Water Management 94: 109-116.
• Katerji N, Mastrorilli M (2009) The effect of soil texture on the water use efficiency of irrigated crops: results of a multi-year experiment carried out in the Mediterranean region. Euro J. Agron. 30: 95–100.
• Kiziloglu FM, Sahin U, Angin I, Anapali O (2006) The Effect Of Deficit İrrigation On Water-Yield Relationship Of Sugar beet (Betavulgarisl.) Under Cool Season And Semi-Arid Climatic Conditions. International Sugar Journal 108: 90-94.
• Masri MI, Hamza M (2015) Influence of foliar application with micronutrients on productivity of three sugar beet cultivars under drip irrigation in sandysoils. World Jornal of Agricultural Sciences 11(2): 55-61.
• Masri MI, Ramadan BSB, El-Shafai AMA, El-Kady MS (2015) Effect of water stres and fertilization on yield and quality of sugar beet under drip and sprinkler irrigation systems in sandy soil. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN 2167-0447. Vol. 5(3), pp. 414-425.
• Mahmoodi R, Maralian H, Aghabarati A (2008) Effects of limited irrigation on root yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7(24), pp. 4475-4478.
• Mitchell JH, Siamhan D, Wamala MH, Risimeri JB, Chinyamakobvu E, Henderson SA, Fukai S (1998) The use of seedling leaf death score for evaluation of drought resistance of rice. Field Crops Research 55: 129–139. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00074.
• Medrano H, Tomása M, Martorell S, Flexas J, Hernández E, Rosselló J, Poub A, Escalona JM, Bota J (2015) From leaf to whole-plant water use efficiency (WUE) in complex canopies: Limitations of leaf WUE as a selection target. The Crop Journal 3: 220–228.
• Mousavi SR, Galavi M, Rezaei M (2013) Zinc(Zn) importance for crop production-Areview. Intel. J. Agron. Plant Production 4(1): 64-68.
• Ozbay S, Yıldırım M (2018) Root yield and quality of sugar beet under drip and sprinkler irrigation with foliar application of micronutrients, COMU J. Agric. Faculty 6(1): 105-114.
• Pidgeon JD, Werker AR, Jaggard KW, Richter GM, Lister DH, Jones PD (2001) ClimaticImpact on the Productivity of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Europe, 1961–1995, Agric. For. Meteorol. 109: 27–37.
• Rassam G, Dashhti M, Dadkhah A, Yazdi KA (2015) Root yield and quality of sugar beet in relation to foliar application of micronutrients. Annals of West University of Timişoara, ser. Biology XVIII(2): 87-94.
• Richter GM, Jaggard KW, Mitchell RAC (2001) Modelling Radiation Interception and Radiation Use Efficiency for Sugar Beet under Variable Climatic Stress’, Agric. For. Meteorol. 109: 13–25.
• Sahin U, Ors S, Kiziloglu FM, Kuslu Y (2014) Evaluation Of Water Use And Yield Responses Of Drip-İrrigated Sugar beet With Different İrrigation Techniques. Chilean Journal Of Agricultural Research 74(3): 302-310.
• Singh B, Minhas JS, Kumar D (2001) Growth, photosynthetic rate and yield responses of potato plants to root zone carbon dioxide enrichment. J.Indian Potato Assoc. 28(1): 129-131.
• Stegmen EC, Bauer A (1997) Sugar beet response to water stres in sandy soils, Transactions of the ASAE, pp. 469-474.
• Suheri S (2007) Farklı Gelişme Safhalarında Uygulanan Farklı Sulama Seviyelerinin Şeker Pancarı Verimi Üzerine Etkileri, T.C.Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Anabilim Dalı, Konya 2007.
• Tognetti R, Palladino M, Minnocci A, Delfine S, Alvino A (2003) Theresponse of sugar beet to drip andlow-pressure sprinkler irrigation in southernItaly. Agric. Water. Manage. 60(2): 135-155.
• Urbano P, Arroyo JM (2000) Repercusión de la dosificación y frecuencia del riego en el aprovechamiento del agua y en la mejora del rendimiento. Un ejemplo en el cultivo de la remolachaazucarera. II Symposiumnacional. Ministerios de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Ministerio de MedioAmbiente, Madrid, pp. 536-541.
• Yildirim M (2010) Water management in coastal areas with low quality irrigation water for pepper growth. Journal of Cosatal Research 25(5): 869-878.