-

Abstract

Faced Problems of Designers Who Developed Instructional Materials in 3D Virtual Worlds.The limitations and the possible barriers of 3D virtual world platforms should be revealed more clearly to be used successfully and become widespread in education. The purpose of this study is to determine the problems which the designers who develop instructional material in 3D virtual worlds encounter. In the study, the designers designed and developed instructional materials in 3D Open Sim during an education term. Semi-structured interview form and Facebook records which is used as an communucation media were used as data collection tools. The obtained data were tried to be described by using qualitative research methods. The designers stated that they could not find enough Turkish source related to 3D Open Sim and they encountered with technical and hardware problems during the development process.

Keywords

• Virtual worlds, 3D Open Simulator (Open Sim), teaching material, material desing.

Üç Boyutlu Sanal Dünyalarda Öğretim Materyalleri Geliştiren Tasarımcıların Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar

Abstract

Özet: Üç boyutlu (3B) sanal dünya platformlarının eğitim-öğretim sürecinde başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi ve yaygınlaşabilmesi için bu platformların sınırlılıklarının ve yaşanması muhtemel sorunlarının daha açık belirlenmesi gerekir. Bu araştırmanın amacı da; 3B sanal dünyalarda öğretim materyalleri geliştiren tasarımcıların karşılaştıkları sorunları belirlemeye çalışmaktır. Araştırmada öğretim tasarımcısı adayları (ÖTA) bir eğitim-öğretim dönemi boyunca 3B Open Sim ortamında öğretim materyalleri tasarlamış ve geliştirmişlerdir. Süreçte veri toplama aracı olarak; yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme rehberi, tasarım görüntüleri ve iletişim ortamı olarak kullanılan Facebook kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Geliştirme sürecinde öğretim tasarımcısı adayları 3B Open Sim yazılımıyla ilgili yeterince Türkçe kaynak bulamadıklarını, teknik ve donanımsal sorunlarla karşılaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Sanal dünyalar, 3B Open Simülatör (Open Sim), öğretim materyali, materyal tasarımı.

Keywords

• Sanal dünyalar, 3B Open Simülatör (Open Sim), öğretim materyali, materyal tasarımı.

References

1. Bronack, S. C., Cheney, A. L., Riedl, R. E., & Tashner, J. H. (2008). Designing Virtual Worlds to Facilitate Meaningful Communication. Technical Communication, 55(3), 261-269.
2. Campbell, T., Wang, S. K., Hsu, H. Y., Duffy, A. M., & Wolf, P. G. (2010). Learning with web tools, simulations, and other technologies in science classrooms. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 19(5), 505-511.
3. Childs, M., Schnieders, H. L., & Williams, G. (2012). "This above all: to thine own self be true": ethical considerations and risks in conducting higher education learning activities in the virtual world Second Life (TM). Interactive Learning Environments, 20(3), 253-269.
4. Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. J. W. (2010). What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(1), 10-32.
5. De Freitas, S. (2008). Serious virtual worlds: A scoping guide. Şubat 11, 2013 tarihinde http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/publications/seriousvirtualworldsv1.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
6. Dickey, M. D. (2005). Brave new (interactive) worlds: A review of the design affordances and constraints of two 3D virtual worlds as interactive learning environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 13(1-2), 121-137.
7. Fraenkel, J.R. & Wallen, N.E. (2000). How to design and evaluate research in education (4th Edt.). London: McGraw Hill.
8. Galea, J., Legarreta, J., Marti, A., Gisbert, M., Rallo, R., Garcia, P., & Cela, J.M. (2011). On the design of learning contents for 3D virtual environments. Temmuz 6, 2013 tarihinde http://www.sre.urv.es/web/tel3D/recursos/icte.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.

9. Gamage, V., Tretiakov, A., & Crump, B. (2011). Teacher perceptions of learning affordances of multi-user virtual environments. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2406-2413.
10. Gillespie, H., Boulton, H., Hramiak, A., & Williamson, R. (2007). Learning and teaching with virtual learning environments. UK: Learning Matters.
11. Girvan, Carina, & Savage, Timothy. (2010). Identifying an appropriate pedagogy for virtual worlds: A communal constructivism case study. Computers & Education, 55(1), 342-349.
12. Green, J.M, Draper A.K & Dowler E.A (2003) Short cuts to safety: risk and ‘rules of thumb’ in accounts of food choice. Health, Risk and Society, 5, 33–52.
13. Hai-Jew, S. (2010). Virtual immersive and 3D learning spaces: Emerging technologies and trends. USA: Igi Publishing.
14. Hendaoui, A., Limayem, M., & Thompson, C. W. (2008). 3D social virtual worlds: research issues and challenges. Internet Computing, IEEE, 12(1), 88-92.
15. Hinrichs, R., Hill, V., & Patterson, D. (2011). Higher education in virtual worlds: Teaching and learning in Second Life. Information Processing & Management, 47(1), 143-146.
16. Huang, H. M., Rauch, U., & Liaw, S. S. (2010). Investigating learners' attitudes toward virtual reality learning environments: Based on a constructivist approach. Computers & Education, 55(3), 117111
17. Ibáñez, M. B., García, J. J., Galán, S., Maroto, D., Morillo, D., & Kloos, C. D. (2011). Design and implementation of a 3D multi-user virtual world for language learning. Educational Technology & Society, 14 (4), 2–10.
18. Kluge, S., & Riley, L. (2008). Teaching in virtual worlds: Opportunities and challenges. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 48(5), 127-135.
19. Konstantinidis, A., Tsiatsos, T., Demetriadis, S., & Pomportsis, A. (2010). Collaborative learning in OpenSim by utilizing sloodle. Sixth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications, Barcelona.
20. Koutsabasis, P., Vosinakis, S., Malisova, K., & Paparounas, N. (2012). On the value of Virtual Worlds for collaborative design. Design Studies, 33(4), 357-390.
21. Lin, H., & Gong, J. (2001). Exploring virtual geographic environments. Annals of GIS, 7(1), 1-7.
22. Maddrell, J. A., Watson, G. S., & Morrison, G. R. (2013). Virtual World Problem-centered Challenge Evaluation. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 3(1), 33-45.
23. OpenSim. (2013). Open Sim güvenlik duvarı ayarları. Haziran 26, 2013 tarihinde http://opensimulator.org/wiki/Firewall_Settings adresinden erişilmiştir.
24. OpenSimPerformans. (2013). Open Sim performans ayarları. Temmuz 14, 2013 tarihinde http://opensimulator.org/wiki/Performance adresinden erişilmiştir.
25. Peachey, A., Gillen, J., Livingstone, D., & Smith-Robbins, S. (2010). Researching learning in virtual worlds. UK: Springer.
26. Rabiee, F. (2004). Focus-group interview and data analysis. Proceedings of the nutrition society, 63(4), 6
27. Rufer-Bach, K. (2009). The Second Life grid: the official guide to communication, collaboration, and community engagement. Indianapolis: Wiley.
28. Ryoo, J., Techatassanasoontorn, A., Lee, D., & Lothian, J. (2011). Game-based InfoSec Education Using OpenSim. Proceedings of the 15th Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education, Fairborn.
29. Schmeil, A. (2012). Designing Collaboration Experiences for 3D Virtual Worlds. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Faculty of Communication Sciences Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano.
30. Smelik, R. M., Tutenel, T., de Kraker, K. J., & Bidarra, R. (2011). A declarative approach to procedural modeling of virtual worlds. Computers & Graphics, 35(2), 352-363.
31. Smith, G. J., Maher, M. L., & Gero, J. S. (2003). Designing 3D virtual worlds as a society of agents. In Proceedings of CAAD Futures. Temmuz 11, 2013 tarihinde http://mason.gmu.edu/~jgero/publications/2003/03oMaherSmithGerooCAADFut03.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
32. Thackray, L., Good, J., & Howland, K. (2010). Learning and teaching in virtual worlds: Boundaries, challenges and opportunities. Researching learning in virtual worlds, (pp 139-158), UK: Springer. White, D., & Le Cornu, A. (2010). Eventedness and disjuncture in virtual worlds. Educational Research, 52(2), 183-196.
33. Wrzesien, M., & Raya, M. A. (2010). Learning in serious virtual worlds: Evaluation of learning effectiveness and appeal to students in the E-Junior project. Computers & Education, 55(1), 1781
34. Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin yayıncılık. Zainal, Z. (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, (9), 1-6.