Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Doğaya Yakınlık (Biyofili) Seviyelerinin Araştırılması

Year 2017, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 1106 - 1129, 29.12.2017

Simge Yılmaz Refika Olgan

https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.328340

Cited By: 8

Abstract

Bu
çalışmanın amacı okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 60-66 aylık
çocuklarının doğaya yakınlık seviyelerini (biyofili) belirlemek ve bu
çocukların doğa ile ilgili uyaranlara olumlu (biyofilik) ya da olumsuz
(biyofobik) tepkilerinin nedenlerini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmanın bir diğer
amacı ise çocukların biyofili seviyelerinin devam ettikleri okul öncesi eğitim
kurumlarının bahçelerinin doğal elementleri içerme düzeylerine ve cinsiyetlerine
göre değişiklik gösterip göstermediğini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın örneklemi
Ankara İl’inin Çankaya ilçesinde yer alan dört farklı devlet okulundan seçilen
105 çocuktan oluşmuştur. Çalışmanın alt örneklemini ise temel örneklem
grubundan rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilen 20 çocuk oluşturmaktadır.
Katılımcıların doğaya yakınlık seviyelerini ölçmek amacıyla 22 maddeden oluşan ‘Çocuklar
için Biyofili Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, çocukların biyofili
seviyelerinin devam ettikleri okul öncesi eğitim kurumuna (okul öncesi eğitim
kurumlarının bahçelerinin doğal elementleri içerme düzeyleri) ve cinsiyetlerine
göre farklılık göstermediğini ve araştırmaya katılan tüm çocukların biyofili seviyelerinin
yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Çocukların biyofilik ya da biyofobik yanıtlarının
ortak nedenleri incelendiğinde, öne çıkan en önemli faktörün kültürün etkisi
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Annelerin çocukların doğal uyaranlara verdiği olumlu ya
da olumsuz tepkiler üzerinde etkili bir yere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu
nedenle, ilerde yapılacak çalışmaların çocukların biyofilik ya da biyofobik
yanıtlarında etkili olabileceği düşünülerek, annelerin demografik özellikleri (yaş,
eğitim seviyesi, dışarda geçirdiği zaman, çocukluğunu geçirtiği yaşam alanı vb.)
dikkate alınarak planlanması önerilebilir. Ayrıca, farklı kültürlerde büyüyen
çocukların biyofili seviyelerinin araştırılması da önerilebilir. 

Keywords

biyofili, biyofobi, doğaya yakınlık, okul öncesi eğitim

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