Covid-19 salgınının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına yansıması

Gülen Güler Aksu; İpek İncel; Atanur Akar; Nuran Sinen Üstün; Zahide Dilara Çam; Fevziye Toros

Research Article

Covid-19 salgınının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına yansıması

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: (Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı, 142 - 150, 30.06.2022

Gülen Güler Aksu İpek İncel Atanur Akar Nuran Sinen Üstün Zahide Dilara Çam Fevziye Toros

Abstract

Amaç: Pandemi; bebek, çocuk, genç ve yetişkin olmak üzere toplumun hemen hemen her kesimini ruhsal sağlığı açısından olumsuz etkiledi ve etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Biz pandemi sürecinde psikiyatrik başvurusu olan gençlerde depresyon ve anksiyete semptomları başta olmak üzere ruhsal sorunlarını araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmada Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi psikiyatri polikliniğine pandemi başlangıcından bir yıl sonraki 3 aylık dönemde başvuran 9-19 yaş arası 181 hasta yer almaktadır. DSM-IV tanı kriterlerine göre ruhsal muayeneleri yapılan hastaların retrospektif dosya kayıtlarından sosyodemografik özellikleri beck depresyon ve sürekli anksiyete puanları kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmada en sık saptanan tanılar sıklık sırasına göre; anksiyete bozukluğu, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve depresyondu. Kız çocuklarının depresyon ve kaygı puanları erkeklerden anlamlı düzeyde fazlaydı (p<0.01). Beck depresyon ölçek puanlarına göre kızlarda depresyon görülme riski erkeklerin 3.3 katıydı. Sonuç: Çocuk ve gençler için riskli olan bu pandemi sürecinde gençlerin stresle baş edebilme düzeyinin, psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyinin desteklenmesi, ruhsal muayenelerinin ihmal edilmemesi ruh sağlı sorunlarını açısından faydalı olacaktır.

Keywords

Covid 19, çocuk, genç, anksiyete, depresyon

References

1. World Health Organization. Laboratory Biosafety Guidance Related To Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Interim Guidance. World Health Organization.2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331138. Şubat 2020’de yayınlandı. Şubat 2022’de erişildi.
2. Fu W, Wang C, Zou L, et al. Psychological Health. Sleep Quality. and Coping Styles to Stress Facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan. China. Translational Psychiatry 2020;10:1-9.
3. Casagrande M, Favieri F, Tambelli R, Forte G. The Enemy Who Sealed the World: Effects Quarantine Due to The COVID-19 on Sleep Quality. Anxiety. and Psychological Distress in the Italian Population. Sleep Medicine 2020;75:12-20.
4. Orgilés M, Morales A, Delvecchio E. et al. Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain. Front. Psychol. 2020; 11:579038.
5. North CS. Disaster Mental Health Epidemiology: Methodological Review and Interpretation of Research Findings. Psychiatry (New York). 2016;79(2):130-46.
6. Bonanno GA, Ho SM, Chan JC, et al. Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach. Health Psychol. 2008;27(5):659.
7. Chong M-Y, Wang W-C, Hsieh W-C, et al. Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185(2):127-133.
8. Sim M. Psychological trauma of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome victims and bereaved families. Epidemiol health. 2016;38.
9. Elizarrarás-Rivas J, Vargas-Mendoza JE, Mayoral-García M, et al. Psychological response of family members of patients hospitalised for influenza A/H1N1 in Oaxaca. Mexico. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10(1):1-9.
10. Keita MM, Taverne B, Savané S, et al. Depressive symptoms among survivors of Ebola virus disease in Conakry (Guinea): preliminary results of the PostEboGui cohort. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):1-9.
11. Tsang HW, Scudds RJ, Chan EY. Psychosocial Impact of SARS. Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal 2004;10(7):1326-7.
12. Hoven CW, Duarte CS, Lucas CP, Wu P, Mandell DJ. Goodwin RD. Psychopathology among New York City Public School Children 6 Months After September 11. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005;62:545-2.
13. Lazarus PJ, Jimerson SR, Brock SE. Helping Children after a Natural Disaster: Information for Parents and Teachers. National Association of School Psychologists https://rems.ed.gov/docs/NASP_NaturalDisaster_HelpChildrenFamilies.pdf 2003 yılında yayınlandı. Şubat 2022’de erişildi.
14. Roussos A, Goenjian AK, Steinberg AM, et al. Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Reactions Among Children and Adolescents After the 1999 Earthquake in Ano Liosia. Greece. American Journal of Psychiatry 2005;162(3):530-7.
15. Fore HH. A Wake-Up Call: COVID-19 and its Impact on Children's Health and Wellbeing. The Lancet Global Health 2020;8(7):861-2.
16. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE. et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912-920.
17. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J et al. Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children During the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics 2020;221:264.
18. Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the Effects of Home Confinement on Children During the COVID-19 Outbreak. The Lancet 2020;395(10228):945-7.
19. Ghosh R, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, Dubey S. Impact of COVID -19 on children: special focus on the psychosocial aspect. Minerva Pediatr. 2020 Jun;72(3):226-235. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05887-9. PMID: 32613821.
20. Lee J. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The lancet Child & Ado- lescent Health. 2020;4(5):397-404.
21. Courtney D, Watson P, Battaglia M, Mulsant BH, Szatmari P. COVID-19 Impacts on Child and Youth Anxiety and Depression: Challenges and Opportunities. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;65(10):688-91.
22. Zhou SJ, Zhang lg, Wang ll et al. Prevalence and socio-de- mographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. Eur Child Adolesc Psy- chiatry. 2020;29:749-58.
23. Zhou J. Yuan X, Qi H et al. Prevalence of depression and its correla- tive factors among female adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Global Health. 2020; 16:69.
24. T.C. İçişleri Bakanlıgı. 2020. Available at: https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/65-yasve-ustu-ile- kronik-rahatsizligi-olanlara-sokaga-cikma- yasagi-genelgesi. Accessed November 21 2020 https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/sokaga-cikma- yasagibulunan-18-20-yas-arasindaki-gen- clerle-ilgili-istisnalar. Mart 2020’de yayınlandı. Şubat 2022’de erişildi.
25. Chen F, Zheng D, liu J, Gong Y. Depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun 2020;88:36-8.
26. Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener Pl, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and ado- lescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2020; 14:20. doi:10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3.
27. Guo J, Fu M, Liu D, Zhang B, Wang X, van IJzendoorn MH. Is the psychological impact of exposure to COVID-19 stronger in adolescents with pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences? A survey of rural Chinese adolescents. Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Dec;110(Pt 2):104667. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104667. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32859393; PMCID: PMC7440157.
28. Rosen Z, Weinberger-litman Sl, Rosenzweig C, Rosmarin DH, Muennig P, Carmody ER, et al. Anxiety and distress among the first com- munity quarantined in the U.S. due to COVID- 19: psychological implications for the unfolding crisis. https://psyarxiv.com/7eq8c/2020. Şubat 2022’de erişildi.
29. Xie X, Xue Q, Zhou Y, Zhu K, Liu Q, Zhang J, Song R. Mental Health Status Among Children in Home Confinement During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Sep 1;174(9):898-900. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1619. PMID: 32329784; PMCID: PMC7182958.
30. Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, et al. Mental health problems and socialmedia exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. Plos One. 2020;15(4):e0231924. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924.
31. Öy B. Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 1991;2:131–6.
32. Kovacs M. Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1981;46(5-6):305–15
33. Özusta Ş. Çocuklar için durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri uyarlama. geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikol Derg. 1995;10:32–44
34. Öy B, İlgen R, Ekmekçi A, ve ark. Çocuklar için durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanterinin ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencilerine uygulanması. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Derg. 1995;2:76–81.
35. Gunnell D, Appleby L, Arensman E et al. Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry.2020; 7(6):468-71.
36. Kevser Gül, Demirci E. Psychiatric Disorders and Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Eurasıan Journal Of Medıcıne And Oncology.2021 5(1): 20.
37. İlbasmış Ç, Toksoy Aksoy A, Cihanyurdu İ, Ünver H, Rodopman Arman A. COVID-19 Salgınının Çocukların Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28(Suppl 1):1-3.
38. McEwen BS. Protection and damage from acute and chronic stress: allostasis and allostatic overload and relevance to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1032:1-7. doi: 10.1196/annals.1314.001.
39. Toros F, Bilgin NG, Bugdayci R, Sasmaz T, Kurt O, Camdeviren H. Prevalence of depression as measured by the CBDI in a predominantly adolescent school population in Turkey. Eur Psychiatry. 2004;19(5):264-71. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.04.020.
40. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, Ho RC. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 6;17(5):1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729. PMID: 32155789; PMCID: PMC7084952.
41. Kılınçel Ş, Kılınçel O, Muratdağı G, Aydın A, Usta MB. Factors affecting the anxiety levels of adolescents in home-quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2021 Jun;13(2):e12406. doi: 10.1111/appy.12406.

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: (Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı, 142 - 150, 30.06.2022

Gülen Güler Aksu İpek İncel Atanur Akar Nuran Sinen Üstün Zahide Dilara Çam Fevziye Toros

Abstract

References

1. World Health Organization. Laboratory Biosafety Guidance Related To Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Interim Guidance. World Health Organization.2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331138. Şubat 2020’de yayınlandı. Şubat 2022’de erişildi.
2. Fu W, Wang C, Zou L, et al. Psychological Health. Sleep Quality. and Coping Styles to Stress Facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan. China. Translational Psychiatry 2020;10:1-9.
3. Casagrande M, Favieri F, Tambelli R, Forte G. The Enemy Who Sealed the World: Effects Quarantine Due to The COVID-19 on Sleep Quality. Anxiety. and Psychological Distress in the Italian Population. Sleep Medicine 2020;75:12-20.
4. Orgilés M, Morales A, Delvecchio E. et al. Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain. Front. Psychol. 2020; 11:579038.
5. North CS. Disaster Mental Health Epidemiology: Methodological Review and Interpretation of Research Findings. Psychiatry (New York). 2016;79(2):130-46.
6. Bonanno GA, Ho SM, Chan JC, et al. Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach. Health Psychol. 2008;27(5):659.
7. Chong M-Y, Wang W-C, Hsieh W-C, et al. Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185(2):127-133.
8. Sim M. Psychological trauma of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome victims and bereaved families. Epidemiol health. 2016;38.
9. Elizarrarás-Rivas J, Vargas-Mendoza JE, Mayoral-García M, et al. Psychological response of family members of patients hospitalised for influenza A/H1N1 in Oaxaca. Mexico. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10(1):1-9.
10. Keita MM, Taverne B, Savané S, et al. Depressive symptoms among survivors of Ebola virus disease in Conakry (Guinea): preliminary results of the PostEboGui cohort. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):1-9.
11. Tsang HW, Scudds RJ, Chan EY. Psychosocial Impact of SARS. Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal 2004;10(7):1326-7.
12. Hoven CW, Duarte CS, Lucas CP, Wu P, Mandell DJ. Goodwin RD. Psychopathology among New York City Public School Children 6 Months After September 11. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005;62:545-2.
13. Lazarus PJ, Jimerson SR, Brock SE. Helping Children after a Natural Disaster: Information for Parents and Teachers. National Association of School Psychologists https://rems.ed.gov/docs/NASP_NaturalDisaster_HelpChildrenFamilies.pdf 2003 yılında yayınlandı. Şubat 2022’de erişildi.
14. Roussos A, Goenjian AK, Steinberg AM, et al. Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Reactions Among Children and Adolescents After the 1999 Earthquake in Ano Liosia. Greece. American Journal of Psychiatry 2005;162(3):530-7.
15. Fore HH. A Wake-Up Call: COVID-19 and its Impact on Children's Health and Wellbeing. The Lancet Global Health 2020;8(7):861-2.
16. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE. et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912-920.
17. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J et al. Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children During the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics 2020;221:264.
18. Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the Effects of Home Confinement on Children During the COVID-19 Outbreak. The Lancet 2020;395(10228):945-7.
19. Ghosh R, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, Dubey S. Impact of COVID -19 on children: special focus on the psychosocial aspect. Minerva Pediatr. 2020 Jun;72(3):226-235. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05887-9. PMID: 32613821.
20. Lee J. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The lancet Child & Ado- lescent Health. 2020;4(5):397-404.
21. Courtney D, Watson P, Battaglia M, Mulsant BH, Szatmari P. COVID-19 Impacts on Child and Youth Anxiety and Depression: Challenges and Opportunities. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;65(10):688-91.
22. Zhou SJ, Zhang lg, Wang ll et al. Prevalence and socio-de- mographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. Eur Child Adolesc Psy- chiatry. 2020;29:749-58.
23. Zhou J. Yuan X, Qi H et al. Prevalence of depression and its correla- tive factors among female adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Global Health. 2020; 16:69.
24. T.C. İçişleri Bakanlıgı. 2020. Available at: https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/65-yasve-ustu-ile- kronik-rahatsizligi-olanlara-sokaga-cikma- yasagi-genelgesi. Accessed November 21 2020 https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/sokaga-cikma- yasagibulunan-18-20-yas-arasindaki-gen- clerle-ilgili-istisnalar. Mart 2020’de yayınlandı. Şubat 2022’de erişildi.
25. Chen F, Zheng D, liu J, Gong Y. Depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun 2020;88:36-8.
26. Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener Pl, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and ado- lescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2020; 14:20. doi:10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3.
27. Guo J, Fu M, Liu D, Zhang B, Wang X, van IJzendoorn MH. Is the psychological impact of exposure to COVID-19 stronger in adolescents with pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences? A survey of rural Chinese adolescents. Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Dec;110(Pt 2):104667. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104667. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32859393; PMCID: PMC7440157.
28. Rosen Z, Weinberger-litman Sl, Rosenzweig C, Rosmarin DH, Muennig P, Carmody ER, et al. Anxiety and distress among the first com- munity quarantined in the U.S. due to COVID- 19: psychological implications for the unfolding crisis. https://psyarxiv.com/7eq8c/2020. Şubat 2022’de erişildi.
29. Xie X, Xue Q, Zhou Y, Zhu K, Liu Q, Zhang J, Song R. Mental Health Status Among Children in Home Confinement During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Sep 1;174(9):898-900. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1619. PMID: 32329784; PMCID: PMC7182958.
30. Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, et al. Mental health problems and socialmedia exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. Plos One. 2020;15(4):e0231924. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924.
31. Öy B. Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 1991;2:131–6.
32. Kovacs M. Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1981;46(5-6):305–15
33. Özusta Ş. Çocuklar için durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri uyarlama. geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikol Derg. 1995;10:32–44
34. Öy B, İlgen R, Ekmekçi A, ve ark. Çocuklar için durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanterinin ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencilerine uygulanması. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Derg. 1995;2:76–81.
35. Gunnell D, Appleby L, Arensman E et al. Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry.2020; 7(6):468-71.
36. Kevser Gül, Demirci E. Psychiatric Disorders and Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Eurasıan Journal Of Medıcıne And Oncology.2021 5(1): 20.
37. İlbasmış Ç, Toksoy Aksoy A, Cihanyurdu İ, Ünver H, Rodopman Arman A. COVID-19 Salgınının Çocukların Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28(Suppl 1):1-3.
38. McEwen BS. Protection and damage from acute and chronic stress: allostasis and allostatic overload and relevance to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1032:1-7. doi: 10.1196/annals.1314.001.
39. Toros F, Bilgin NG, Bugdayci R, Sasmaz T, Kurt O, Camdeviren H. Prevalence of depression as measured by the CBDI in a predominantly adolescent school population in Turkey. Eur Psychiatry. 2004;19(5):264-71. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.04.020.
40. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, Ho RC. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 6;17(5):1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729. PMID: 32155789; PMCID: PMC7084952.
41. Kılınçel Ş, Kılınçel O, Muratdağı G, Aydın A, Usta MB. Factors affecting the anxiety levels of adolescents in home-quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2021 Jun;13(2):e12406. doi: 10.1111/appy.12406.

There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Sözlü Bildiriler
Authors	Gülen Güler Aksu This is me İpek İncel This is me Atanur Akar This is me Nuran Sinen Üstün This is me Zahide Dilara Çam This is me Fevziye Toros This is me
Publication Date	June 30, 2022
Submission Date	February 15, 2022
Acceptance Date	March 10, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: (Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı

Cite

APA	Aksu, G. G., İncel, İ., Akar, A., Üstün, N. S., et al. (2022). Covid-19 salgınının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına yansıması. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15((Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı), 142-150.
AMA	Aksu GG, İncel İ, Akar A, Üstün NS, Çam ZD, Toros F. Covid-19 salgınının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına yansıması. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. June 2022;15((Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı):142-150.
Chicago	Aksu, Gülen Güler, İpek İncel, Atanur Akar, Nuran Sinen Üstün, Zahide Dilara Çam, and Fevziye Toros. “Covid-19 salgınının çocuk Ve gençlerin Ruh sağlığına yansıması”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15, no. (Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı (June 2022): 142-50.
EndNote	Aksu GG, İncel İ, Akar A, Üstün NS, Çam ZD, Toros F (June 1, 2022) Covid-19 salgınının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına yansıması. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı 142–150.
IEEE	G. G. Aksu, İ. İncel, A. Akar, N. S. Üstün, Z. D. Çam, and F. Toros, “Covid-19 salgınının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına yansıması”, Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg, vol. 15, no. (Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı, pp. 142–150, 2022.
ISNAD	Aksu, Gülen Güler et al. “Covid-19 salgınının çocuk Ve gençlerin Ruh sağlığına yansıması”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15/(Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı (June 2022), 142-150.
JAMA	Aksu GG, İncel İ, Akar A, Üstün NS, Çam ZD, Toros F. Covid-19 salgınının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına yansıması. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2022;15:142–150.
MLA	Aksu, Gülen Güler et al. “Covid-19 salgınının çocuk Ve gençlerin Ruh sağlığına yansıması”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. (Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı, 2022, pp. 142-50.
Vancouver	Aksu GG, İncel İ, Akar A, Üstün NS, Çam ZD, Toros F. Covid-19 salgınının çocuk ve gençlerin ruh sağlığına yansıması. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2022;15((Özel Sayı-1) 21. Mersin Pediatri Günleri Bildiri Kitabı):142-50.

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