İran ve Türkiye'de Güven: Kişilerarası, Kurumsal ve Sosyal Güven Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Aristoteles'in 2400 yıl önce belirttiği gibi, insanoğlu doğası gereği sosyal bir varlıktır. Bireyler ve gruplar arasındaki etkileşim ve ilişkileri şekillendirdiği için toplumun ekonomik ve sosyal gelişim için güvene ihtiyacı vardır. Kamuoyu araştırmaları, güven düzeyleri konusunda küresel karşılaştırmalar sunmakta ve heterojenlik göstermektedir. Örneğin İsveç ve Norveç gibi ülkelerde katılımcıların %60'ından fazlası 'çoğu insana güvenilebileceğini' belirtmiştir. Öte yandan, Türkiye, İran ve diğer Orta Doğu ülkeleri gibi ülkelerde bu oran %15'in altındadır. Bu çalışma İran ve Türkiye'de güven konusuna genel bir bakış sunmaktadır. Dünya Değerler Araştırması verilerinden yararlanarak güven türlerini incelemektedir. İran ve Türkiye vatandaşları en yüksek güveni aile gibi yakın gruplara duymaktadır. Öte yandan, başka milletten veya farklı dinden insanlar gibi dış gruplara duyulan güven daha yüksek veya orta düzeyde olabilmektedir. Ayrıca, İran ve Türk halkı silahlı kuvvetler gibi kurumları daha güvenilir bulurken, IMF ve WHO gibi uluslararası kurumlara daha az güvenmektedir.

Keywords

• Türkiye
• İran
• Dünya Değerler Anketi
• Kişilerarası Güven
• Sosyal Güven
• Kurumsal Güven
• Davranışsal İktisat.

Trust in Iran and Türkiye: A Comparative Study of Interpersonal, Institutional, and Social Trust

Abstract

Human beings are social creatures in their nature, as Aristotle stated 2400 years ago. Society needs trust for economic and social development as it shapes interactions and relations among individuals and groups. Opinion surveys offer global comparisons of trust levels and show heterogeneity. For example, in countries such as Sweden and Norway, more than 60% of respondents reported that 'most people can be trusted.' On the other hand, in countries such as Türkiye, Iran, and other Middle East countries, less than 15% think this is the case. This study offers an overview of trust in Iran and Türkiye. It examines types of trust utilizing the World Values Survey data. Citizens in Iran and Türkiye have the highest trust in close groups such as their families. On the other hand, trust in outgroups such as people from another nationality or different religions could be higher to moderate. Moreover, the Iranian and Turkish public consider institutions such as the armed forces more trustworthy, whereas international institutions such as the IMF and WHO are less trusted.

Keywords

• Türkiye
• Iran
• World Values Survey
• Interpersonal Trust
• Social Trust
• Institutional Trust
• Behavioral Economics.

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