Research Article
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Is It Possible to Explain The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurship Intention in The Context of Gender?

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 631 - 641, 28.04.2022

Gülşah Şişman Nazmiye Ülkü Pekkan

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1007886

Abstract

Gender is the key factor while defining the values, roles and behaviors attributed to women and men in a population. Passive behaviors that are deemed more appropriate to women than men in social life are felt in professional life, too. However, active approach in the work life is essential in order to improve the social welfare. Entrepreneurship activities are the milestones of being active in business life. The person must have an entrepreneurial intention so that entrepreneurial activities take place. There is an intense effort both in theory and practice to understand the attitudes that cause people to become entrepreneurs and the factors that shape pioneering behaviors. Self-efficacy, which expresses individuals' personal beliefs that they have the capability to achieve a certain goal, has been a research subject in entrepreneurship-related studies for many years. Similarly, the extent to which women and men are included in entrepreneurial subjects is a matter of interest for many studies. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relation between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention in the context of gender. The sample of the research that is designed as quantitative research, comprised of 191 people. Convenience sampling method and questionnaire were used for the data collection. At the end of the research, there is a significant relation between self-efficacy and entrepreneurship intention (β=.29 p<.01). It was determined that gender did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between these variables. Trying to explain the relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention in the context of gender was inconclusive for this research sample.

Keywords

Self-efficacy Entrepreneurship Intention Gender Moderating Effect.

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
  • Asamani, L. ve Mensah, A. O. (2013). Entrepreneurial inclination among Ghanaian University Students: The case of University of Cape Coast, Ghana, European Journal of Business and Management, 5(19), 113-125.
  • Atoum, A. Y. ve Al-momani, A. (2018). Perceived self-efficacy and academic achievement among Jordanian students. Trends in Technical & Scientific Research, 3(1), 1-6.
  • Aydın, F. F. ve Erdem, E. (2014). Kadın istihdamının rekabet gücü ve ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye ile rekabet gücü en yüksek ülkelerin karşılaştırılması. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 44, 59-71.
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H. ve Yi, Y. (1989). An investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behaviour relationship. Journal of Economics Psychology, 10, 35-62.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education Behavior, 31(2), 143-164.
  • Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-454.
  • Birley, S. (1989). Corporate strategy and the small firm, içinde readings in strategic management. Stuttgart: Macmillan Publishers Limited.
  • Bosma, N. ve Levie, J. (2009). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2009 executive report.
  • Campo, J. L. M. (2010). Analysis of the influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. Prospect, 9(2), 14-21.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the ınternal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16(3), 297-334.
  • Çelikkaleli, Ö. ve Çapri, B. (2008). Genel yetkinlik inancı ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(3), 93-104.
  • Davidsson, P., Delmar, F. ve Wiklund, J. (2006). Entrepreneurship and the growth of firms. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  • DeBruin, A., Brush, C. G. ve Welter, F. (2006). Introduction to the special issue: Towards building cumulative knowledge on women’s entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 30, 585-592.
  • Dempsey, D. ve Jennings, J. (2014). Gender and entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A learning perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 28-49.
  • Diaz-Garcia, M. C. ve Jimenez-Moreno, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention: The role of gender. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 6, 261-283.
  • Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practices and principles. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Durukan, L. (2021). Türkiye’de kadın girişimcilerin desteklenmesinde KOSGEB’in rolü. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 7(1), 17-37.
  • Esnard-Flavius, T. (2010). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude orientations: The case of the caribbean. International Business and Economics Research Journal, 9(13), 17- 32.
  • Everitt, B. S. (1975). Multivariate analysis: The need for data, and other problems. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 126(3), 237-240.
  • Firmansyah, F., Komala, R. ve Rusdi, R. (2018). Self-efficacy and motivation: Improving biology learning outcomes of senior high school students. Indonesian Journal of Biology Education, 4(3), 203-208.
  • Franke, N. ve Luthje, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students-A benchmarking study. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 1(3), 269-288.
  • Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B. ve Bhawe, N. M. (2008). The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1053-1061.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. 4. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Haus, I., Steinmetz, H. ve Isidor, R. (2013). Gender effects on entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytical structural equation model. International of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 130-156.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisiplinary Journal, 6(1), 1- 55.
  • Iro-Idoro, C. B. ve Iro-Idoro, E. U. (2015). Self-Efficacy as correlates of entrepreneurial intention of tertiary institution students in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 5(2), 1-6.
  • İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı (İKV) (2019). AB katılım sürecindeki Türkiye’nin kadın istihdamı karnesi. Dünya Süper Veb Ofset AŞ, İstanbul.
  • Işık, M. ve Çiçek, M. (2020). Planlı davranış teorisi perspektifinden girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde sosyal sermaye öz yeterlilik ve öz saygının rolü. Turkish Studies- Economics Finance Politics, 15(1), 185-206.
  • Jennıngs, J. E. ve Brush, C. G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663-715.
  • Jones, K. ve Tullous, R. (2002). Behaviours of pre-venture entrepreneurs and perceptions of their financial needs. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(3), 233-249.
  • Judge, T. A., Jackson, C. L., Shaw, J. C., Scott, B. A. ve Rich, B. L. (2007). Self-efficacy and work-related performance: The integral role of individual differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 107- 127.
  • Karadeniz, E. (2019). Türkiye’de girişimcilik ve uluslararası karşılaştırma 2018 global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM). İstanbul: Yeditepe Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Keskin, S. (2014). Türkiye’de kadın girişimciliğinin durumu. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 9(1), 71-94.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd Edition). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. ve Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 411-432.
  • Linan, F. ve Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship. Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.
  • Monitor, G. E. (2017). Global Report 2016/2017. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA). London Business School, UK.
  • Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M. ve Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents and outcomes and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 403-419.
  • Opoku-Antwi, G. L., Amofah, K., Nyamaah-Koffuor, K. ve Yakubu, A. (2012). Entrepreneurial intention among senior high school students in the sunyani municipality. International Review of Management and Marketing, 2(4), 210-219.
  • Page, S. E. (2007). The difference: How the power of diversity creates better groups, firms, schools, and societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Randhawa, G. (2004). Self-efficacy and work performance: An empirical study. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 39(3), 336-346.
  • Saraih, U. N., Zin Aris, A. Z., Abdul Mutalib, S., Tunku Ahmad, T. S., Abdullah, S. ve Amlus, M. H. (2018). The influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention among engineering students. MATEC Web Conf., 150, 1-6.
  • Schwarzer, R. ve Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. J. Weinman, S. Wright and M. Johnston (Ed.), Measures in health Psychology: A User’s Portfolio içinde. UK: Windsor.
  • Shaheen, N. ve Al-Haddad, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial behavior. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 7(10), 2385-2402.
  • Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K. ve Powell, B. C. (2014). Self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions, and gender: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education longitudinally. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 561-570.
  • Shneor, R., Camgöz, S. M. ve Karapinar, P. B. (2013). The interaction between culture and sex in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 25(9/10), 781-803.
  • TÜİK (2020). Girişimcilik, 2016-2018. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2020. http://tuik.gov.tr/HbPrint.do?id=33664.
  • Uddin, M. R. ve Bose, T. K. (2012). Determinants of entrepreneurial intention of business students in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 128-137.
  • Wilson, F., Kickul, J. ve Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 31(3), 387-406.
  • Wilson, F., Marlino, D. ve Kickul, J. (2004). Our entrepreneurial future: examining the diverse attitudes and motivations of teens across gender and ethnic identity. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 9(3), 177-198.
  • Yaman, Ö. (2018). Analysis of personal factors effect on entrepreneurial intention among nascent entrepreneurs (Master Thesis). Adana Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, SBE, Adana.
  • Yavuz, M., Altuntaş, G. ve Kamaşak, R. (2016). The role of perceived stress and burn-out levels on the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy. Eurasian Business & Economics Journal, 2, 733-745.
  • Şen Doğan, R. ve Yılmaz, V. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik niyetlerinin betimlenmesine yönelik bir yapısal eşitlik modeli önerisi. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 655-675.
  • Yusuff, Y. Z., Mohamad, M. ve Ab Wahab, N. Y. (2019). The influence of general self-efficacy on women entrepreneurs. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 25(2), 1-6.
  • Zaidatol, A. ve Lope, P. (2009). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: An analysis of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention of University students. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 338-349.
  • Zeffane, R. (2012). Gender and youth entrepreneurial potential: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates, International Journal of Business and Management, 8(1), 60-72.
  • Zhao, H., Seibert, S. ve Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.

Öz-Yeterlilik ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 631 - 641, 28.04.2022

Gülşah Şişman Nazmiye Ülkü Pekkan

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1007886

Abstract

Toplum içerisinde kadın ve erkeğe atfedilen değerler, roller ve davranışlar cinsiyet kavramını hayatın her alanında ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Özellikle kadınlara, erkeklerden farklı olarak, toplumsal hayatta uygun görülen edilgen davranışlar iş yaşamında da etkisini hissettirmektedir. Oysaki toplumsal refahın gelişiminde iş hayatında etken olmak elzemdir. İş hayatında etken olmanın temelinde de girişimcilik faaliyetleri yer almaktadır. Girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin gerçekleşebilmesi için bireyin girişimcilik niyetine sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bireyleri girişimci olmaya yönlendiren tutumları ve girişimcilik davranışlarını şekillendiren faktörleri anlamak için hem teoride hem uygulamada yoğun bir çaba vardır. Bireylerin belirli bir görevi yerine getirme yeteneklerine sahip olduklarına dair öznel inançlarını ifade eden öz-yeterlilik, uzun yıllardır girişimcilik ile ilgili çalışmalarda araştırma konusudur. Benzer bir şekilde, kadınların ve erkeklerin girişimcilik ile ilgili faaliyetlerde ne kadar etken oldukları pek çok araştırmanın merak konusudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı öz-yeterlilik ve girişimcilik niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi cinsiyet bağlamı ile incelemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemi 191 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak anket vasıtası ile elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, öz-yeterlilik ve girişimcilik niyeti arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir (β=.29 p<.01). Araştırmanın temel amacı doğrultusunda, beklenilenin aksine, iki değişken arasındaki ilişkide cinsiyetin düzenleyici etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Öz-yeterlilik Girişimcilik Niyeti Cinsiyet Düzenleyici Etki.

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
  • Asamani, L. ve Mensah, A. O. (2013). Entrepreneurial inclination among Ghanaian University Students: The case of University of Cape Coast, Ghana, European Journal of Business and Management, 5(19), 113-125.
  • Atoum, A. Y. ve Al-momani, A. (2018). Perceived self-efficacy and academic achievement among Jordanian students. Trends in Technical & Scientific Research, 3(1), 1-6.
  • Aydın, F. F. ve Erdem, E. (2014). Kadın istihdamının rekabet gücü ve ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye ile rekabet gücü en yüksek ülkelerin karşılaştırılması. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 44, 59-71.
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H. ve Yi, Y. (1989). An investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behaviour relationship. Journal of Economics Psychology, 10, 35-62.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education Behavior, 31(2), 143-164.
  • Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-454.
  • Birley, S. (1989). Corporate strategy and the small firm, içinde readings in strategic management. Stuttgart: Macmillan Publishers Limited.
  • Bosma, N. ve Levie, J. (2009). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2009 executive report.
  • Campo, J. L. M. (2010). Analysis of the influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. Prospect, 9(2), 14-21.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the ınternal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16(3), 297-334.
  • Çelikkaleli, Ö. ve Çapri, B. (2008). Genel yetkinlik inancı ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(3), 93-104.
  • Davidsson, P., Delmar, F. ve Wiklund, J. (2006). Entrepreneurship and the growth of firms. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  • DeBruin, A., Brush, C. G. ve Welter, F. (2006). Introduction to the special issue: Towards building cumulative knowledge on women’s entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 30, 585-592.
  • Dempsey, D. ve Jennings, J. (2014). Gender and entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A learning perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 28-49.
  • Diaz-Garcia, M. C. ve Jimenez-Moreno, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention: The role of gender. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 6, 261-283.
  • Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practices and principles. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Durukan, L. (2021). Türkiye’de kadın girişimcilerin desteklenmesinde KOSGEB’in rolü. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 7(1), 17-37.
  • Esnard-Flavius, T. (2010). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude orientations: The case of the caribbean. International Business and Economics Research Journal, 9(13), 17- 32.
  • Everitt, B. S. (1975). Multivariate analysis: The need for data, and other problems. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 126(3), 237-240.
  • Firmansyah, F., Komala, R. ve Rusdi, R. (2018). Self-efficacy and motivation: Improving biology learning outcomes of senior high school students. Indonesian Journal of Biology Education, 4(3), 203-208.
  • Franke, N. ve Luthje, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students-A benchmarking study. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 1(3), 269-288.
  • Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B. ve Bhawe, N. M. (2008). The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1053-1061.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. 4. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Haus, I., Steinmetz, H. ve Isidor, R. (2013). Gender effects on entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytical structural equation model. International of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 130-156.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisiplinary Journal, 6(1), 1- 55.
  • Iro-Idoro, C. B. ve Iro-Idoro, E. U. (2015). Self-Efficacy as correlates of entrepreneurial intention of tertiary institution students in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 5(2), 1-6.
  • İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı (İKV) (2019). AB katılım sürecindeki Türkiye’nin kadın istihdamı karnesi. Dünya Süper Veb Ofset AŞ, İstanbul.
  • Işık, M. ve Çiçek, M. (2020). Planlı davranış teorisi perspektifinden girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde sosyal sermaye öz yeterlilik ve öz saygının rolü. Turkish Studies- Economics Finance Politics, 15(1), 185-206.
  • Jennıngs, J. E. ve Brush, C. G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663-715.
  • Jones, K. ve Tullous, R. (2002). Behaviours of pre-venture entrepreneurs and perceptions of their financial needs. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(3), 233-249.
  • Judge, T. A., Jackson, C. L., Shaw, J. C., Scott, B. A. ve Rich, B. L. (2007). Self-efficacy and work-related performance: The integral role of individual differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 107- 127.
  • Karadeniz, E. (2019). Türkiye’de girişimcilik ve uluslararası karşılaştırma 2018 global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM). İstanbul: Yeditepe Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Keskin, S. (2014). Türkiye’de kadın girişimciliğinin durumu. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 9(1), 71-94.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd Edition). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. ve Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 411-432.
  • Linan, F. ve Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship. Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.
  • Monitor, G. E. (2017). Global Report 2016/2017. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA). London Business School, UK.
  • Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M. ve Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents and outcomes and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 403-419.
  • Opoku-Antwi, G. L., Amofah, K., Nyamaah-Koffuor, K. ve Yakubu, A. (2012). Entrepreneurial intention among senior high school students in the sunyani municipality. International Review of Management and Marketing, 2(4), 210-219.
  • Page, S. E. (2007). The difference: How the power of diversity creates better groups, firms, schools, and societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Randhawa, G. (2004). Self-efficacy and work performance: An empirical study. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 39(3), 336-346.
  • Saraih, U. N., Zin Aris, A. Z., Abdul Mutalib, S., Tunku Ahmad, T. S., Abdullah, S. ve Amlus, M. H. (2018). The influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention among engineering students. MATEC Web Conf., 150, 1-6.
  • Schwarzer, R. ve Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. J. Weinman, S. Wright and M. Johnston (Ed.), Measures in health Psychology: A User’s Portfolio içinde. UK: Windsor.
  • Shaheen, N. ve Al-Haddad, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial behavior. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 7(10), 2385-2402.
  • Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K. ve Powell, B. C. (2014). Self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions, and gender: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education longitudinally. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 561-570.
  • Shneor, R., Camgöz, S. M. ve Karapinar, P. B. (2013). The interaction between culture and sex in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 25(9/10), 781-803.
  • TÜİK (2020). Girişimcilik, 2016-2018. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2020. http://tuik.gov.tr/HbPrint.do?id=33664.
  • Uddin, M. R. ve Bose, T. K. (2012). Determinants of entrepreneurial intention of business students in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 128-137.
  • Wilson, F., Kickul, J. ve Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 31(3), 387-406.
  • Wilson, F., Marlino, D. ve Kickul, J. (2004). Our entrepreneurial future: examining the diverse attitudes and motivations of teens across gender and ethnic identity. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 9(3), 177-198.
  • Yaman, Ö. (2018). Analysis of personal factors effect on entrepreneurial intention among nascent entrepreneurs (Master Thesis). Adana Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, SBE, Adana.
  • Yavuz, M., Altuntaş, G. ve Kamaşak, R. (2016). The role of perceived stress and burn-out levels on the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy. Eurasian Business & Economics Journal, 2, 733-745.
  • Şen Doğan, R. ve Yılmaz, V. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik niyetlerinin betimlenmesine yönelik bir yapısal eşitlik modeli önerisi. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 655-675.
  • Yusuff, Y. Z., Mohamad, M. ve Ab Wahab, N. Y. (2019). The influence of general self-efficacy on women entrepreneurs. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 25(2), 1-6.
  • Zaidatol, A. ve Lope, P. (2009). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: An analysis of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention of University students. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 338-349.
  • Zeffane, R. (2012). Gender and youth entrepreneurial potential: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates, International Journal of Business and Management, 8(1), 60-72.
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülşah Şişman 0000-0003-2027-030X

Nazmiye Ülkü Pekkan 0000-0001-7298-0552

Early Pub Date April 28, 2022
Publication Date April 28, 2022
Submission Date October 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şişman, G., & Pekkan, N. Ü. (2022). Öz-Yeterlilik ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(2), 631-641. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1007886
AMA Şişman G, Pekkan NÜ. Öz-Yeterlilik ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?. MJSS. April 2022;11(2):631-641. doi:10.33206/mjss.1007886
Chicago Şişman, Gülşah, and Nazmiye Ülkü Pekkan. “Öz-Yeterlilik Ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11, no. 2 (April 2022): 631-41. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1007886.
EndNote Şişman G, Pekkan NÜ (April 1, 2022) Öz-Yeterlilik ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11 2 631–641.
IEEE G. Şişman and N. Ü. Pekkan, “Öz-Yeterlilik ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?”, MJSS, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 631–641, 2022, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1007886.
ISNAD Şişman, Gülşah - Pekkan, Nazmiye Ülkü. “Öz-Yeterlilik Ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/2 (April 2022), 631-641. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1007886.
JAMA Şişman G, Pekkan NÜ. Öz-Yeterlilik ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?. MJSS. 2022;11:631–641.
MLA Şişman, Gülşah and Nazmiye Ülkü Pekkan. “Öz-Yeterlilik Ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2022, pp. 631-4, doi:10.33206/mjss.1007886.
Vancouver Şişman G, Pekkan NÜ. Öz-Yeterlilik ve Girişimcilik Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkiyi Cinsiyet Bağlamında Açıklamak Mümkün mü?. MJSS. 2022;11(2):631-4.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies