Bitkisel Orjinli İmmunmodülatörler ve Hayvan Sağlığında Kullanım Olanakları

Year 2021, , 849 - 855, 15.06.2021

Kerim Emre Yanar , M. Sinan Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.879022

Abstract

İmmunomodülatörler, bağışıklık sistemini etkileyerek immun sistem üzerinde uyarıcı veya baskılayıcı etki gösteren veya bu sistem üzerinde regüle edici özelliklere sahip maddeler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu maddeler arasında, bakteri ve bakteriyel ürünler, bitkisel immunmodülatörler, hayvansal ekstraktlar, aşılar, kompleks karbonhidratlar, besinsel faktörler, sitokinler ve sentetik bir kısım kimyasal bileşikler sayılabilir. Doğada aynı zamanda immunmodülatör etkili birçok bitki de bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, immunmodülatör etkili bitkiler, bunların içerdikleri etkin maddeler ile bu maddelerin etki şekilleri detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, söz konusu bitkisel immunmodulatörlerin pet hayvanlarının, ruminantların ve atların tedavilerinde kullanım olanaklarının araştırılmasıdır.

Keywords

İmmunmodülatör, immun sistem, tıbbi bitkiler, immunsupresif, hayvan sağlığı

Herbal Immunomodulators and Possibilities for Use on Animal Health

Abstract

Immunomodulators are defined as substances that stimulate or suppress the immune system by affecting the immune system, or have regulatory properties on this system. These substances include some bacterial and bacterial products, plant-derived immunomodulators, animal extracts, vaccines, complex carbohydrates, nutritional factors, cytokines and some synthetic chemical compounds. In nature, there are also many plants with immunomodulatory effects. In this review study, plants with immunomodulatory effects, their active ingredients and their mode of action were examined in detail. In addition, results of the studies regarding with possibilities of using these herbal immunomodulators in the treatment of pet animals, ruminants as well as horses were evaluated.

Keywords

Immunomodulator, Immun system, Medical plants, Immunosuppressive,

References

• Yaman İ., Taşcı F. Hayvansal Gıdalarda Antibiyotik Kalıntısı ve Halk Sağlığı Açısından önemi, VIII. Ulusal II. Uluslararası Veteriner Gıda Hijyeni Kongresi, 24-27 Ekim, 2019.
• Beyene T. Veterinary drug residues in food-animal products: its risk factors and potential effects on public health, The Journal of Veterinary Science Technology, 7 1-7, 2016.
• Çoşkun T., Şanlı T. Süt ve süt ürünlerinde kalıntılar, Akademik Gıda, 14 67-74, 2016.
• Selvi M.H., Tapkı İ. The effects of oregano oil (Origanum onites L.) on the growth performance and some blood parameters of holstein friesian calves, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 6 935-941, 2019.
• Ak İ. Türkiye’de ekolojik hayvancılık, Türkiye II. Organik Hayvancılık Kongresi, 24-26 Ekim, 2013.
• Çelikyürek H., Karakuş K. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de organik hayvancılığa genel bir bakış, Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8 299-306, 2018.
• Ak İ. Ekolojik tarım ve hayvancılık, Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi, 1 31-39, 2002.
• Baer C.K., Christiansen H., Scientific Advances in Animal Nutrition, Promise for the New Century: Proceedings of a Symposium, Washington, USA, 2001.
• Baydan E. Bağışıklık Sistemi İlaçları, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı, https:// https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/103672/mod_resource/content/0/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1k-2019.pdf.html, 29 Mart 2021).
• Taçbaş E., Baydan E. Organik hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde hastalıkların sağaltımında kullanılabilecek maddeler, Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 58 117-122, 2018.
• Burakova Y., Madera R.F., Mcvey, D.S., Schlup J.R., Shi J. Adjuvants for animal vaccines, Viral immunology 31 11-22, 2018.
• Gökçe, G., Irmak K., Sural E., Uzlu E. Koyun çiçeğinde immunomodülatörlerin sağaltıcı ve koruyucu etkileri üzerine klinik gözlemler, Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 217-221, 1997.
• Asım K., Uzlu E., Karapehlivan M, Öğün M., Merhan O. Buzağılarda İmmunomodülatör Zylexis’ in Kan Glutatyon, Malondialdehit, Nitrik Oksit, Toplam ve Lipit Bağlı Sialik Asit Seviyelerine Etkileri, Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 5 43-48, 2010.
• Galeotti M. Some aspects of the application of immunostimulants and a critical review of methods for their evaluation, Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 14 189-199, 1998.
• Dhama K., Saminathan M., Jacob S.S., Singh M., Karthik K., Amarpal., Tiwari R., Sunkara L.T., Malik Y.S., Singh R.K. Effect of immunomodulation and immunomodulatory agents on health with some bioactive principles, modes of action and potent biomedical applications, International Journal of Pharmacology, 11 253-290, 2015.
• Pirofski L.A., Casadevall A. Immunomodulators as an antimicrobial tool, Current Opinion in Microbiology, 9 489-495, 2006.
• Burns E.A., Goodwin J.S. Effects of aging on immune function, Principles and Practice of Geriatric Surgery, 46-64, 2001.
• França T.G.D., Ishikawa L.L.W., Zorzella-Pezavento S.F.G., Chiuso-Minicucci F., da Cunha M.L.R.S., Sartori A. Impact of malnutrition on immunity and infection, Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 15 374-390, 2009.
• Khanam S. Impact of stress on physiology of endocrine system and on immune system: A review, International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2 40-42, 2017.
• Laxminarayan R., Bhutta Z., Duse A., Jenkins P., O'Brien T., Okeke I.N., Pablo-Mendez A., Klugman K.P. Drug Resistance. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR editors. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, Edition 2, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11774/2006, 29 Mart 2021.
• Gallois M., Oswald I.P. Immunomodulators as efficient alternatives to in-feed antimicrobials in pig production, Archiva Zootechnica, 11 15-32, 2008.
• Mukherjee P.K., Nema N.K., Bhadra S., Mukherjee D., Braga F.C., Matsabisa M.G. Immunomodulatory leads from medicinal plants, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 13 235-256, 2014.
• Gupta S.P.R., Reddy K.N., D’Souza P., Agarwal R.K., Agarwal A. Need to Strengthen Herbal Veterinary Sector, Pharma Times, 45 45-49, 2013.
• Durmic Z., Blache D. Bioactive plants and plant products: Effects on animal function, health and welfare, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 176 150-162, 2012.
• Vogel H.G. Drug Discovery and evaluations, Springer-Verlang 2 edition, New –York, ABD s. 775- 790, 2002.
• Singh N., Tailang M., Mehta S. A review on herbal plants as immunomodulators, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7:9 3602, 2016.
• Shukla S., Bajpai V.K., Kim M. Plants as potential sources of natural immunomodulators, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 13 17-33, 2014.
• Thacker E.L. Immunomodulators, immunostimulants, and immunotherapies in small animal veterinary medicine, The Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice, 40 473-483, 2010.
• Yasin H., Anjum F., Abrar H., Ghayas S., Masood M. A., Fatima T., Naz M., Jabeen W. Immunomodulators from plant source: a review, World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4 21-36, 2015.
• Colić M., Vucević D., Kilibarda V., Radicević N., Savić M. Modulatory effects of garlic extracts on proliferation of T-lymphocytes in vitro stimulated with concanavalin A, Phytomedicine, 2 117-24, 2002.
• Clement F., Pramod S.N., Venkatesh Y.P. Identity of the immunomodulatory proteins from garlic (Allium sativum) with the major garlic lectins or agglutinins. International Immunopharmacology, 10 316-324, 2010.
• Saastamoinen M., Särkijärvi S., Hyyppä S. Garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation improves respiratory health but has increased risk of lower hematologic values in horses, Animals, 9 13, 2019.
• Menezes M., Souza M., Botelho R.P. Avaliação in vitro da atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de plantas brasileiras sobre bactérias isoladas da cavidade oral de cães, Revista Universidade Rural Série Ciências da Vida, 24 141-144, 2004.
• Zhang X.F., Wang H.M., Song Y.L., Nie L.H., Wang L.F., Liu B., Shen P.P., Liu Y. Isolation, structure elucidation, antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties of two novel dihydrocoumarins from Aloe vera, Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 16 949-953, 2006.
• Harris C., Pierce K., King G., Yates K.M., Hall J., Tizard I. Efficacy of acemannan in treatment of canine and feline spontaneous neoplasms. Molecular Biotherapy, 3 207-213, 1991.
• Kamr A., Arbaga A., El-Bahrawy A., Elsify A., Khaled H., Hassan H. The therapeutic efficacy of Aloe vera gel ointment on staphylococcal pyoderma in dogs, Veterinary World, 13:11 2371, 2020.
• Wöscher, S., Coenen M., Abraham G., Kuchta K. Aloe vera gel and Coriandrum sativum seeds: traditional medical plants and their role as anti-diabetic agents in dogs, Planta Medica, 85 SL VET-02, 2019.
• Kumar S, Gupta P, Sharma S, Kumar D. A review on immunostimulatory plants, Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 9:2 117-128, 2011.
• Kwawukume A.A., Aning K.G., Awuni J.A., Otsyina H., Awumbila B. The effects of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract on white blood cell count and the immune response of chickens vaccinated with newcastle disease vaccine, International Journal of Current Science, 7 23-31, 2013.
• Kumar P.S., Mishra D., Ghosh G., Panda C.S. Biological action and medicinal properties of various constituent of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae): an overview, Annals of Biological Research, 1 24-34, 2010.
• Wagle B.R., Chetri D.K. Evaluation of wound healing properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) in dogs, International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 5 5-7, 2017.
• Suraj R.A., Rambarran R., Ali K., Harbajan D., Charles R., Sant C., Georges K., Suepaul S.A. A comparison of the efficacy of two commercial acaricides (fipronil and amitraz) with Azadirachta indica (neem) on the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) from canines in Trinidad, Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 67 142-148, 2020.
• Chaudhary A.K., Ahmad S., Mazumder A. Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.: a review on its ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological profile, Pharmacognosy Journal, 3 12-17, 2011.
• Verma A.K., Nauriyal D. Therapeutic potential of a topical herbal gel against bovine subclinical mastitis, Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 79 275-277, 2009.
• Abe Y., Hashimoto S., Horie T. Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages, Pharmacological Research, 39 41-47, 1999
• Saxena M.J., Hiddi N., Kamalinejad M., Rios J.L. Non antibiotic herbal therapy for mastitis, Third International Mastitis Seminar, Telaviv, İsrail, 1995.
• Bhatt V.D., Shah T.M., Nauriyal D.S., Kunjadia A.P., Joshi C.G. Evaluation of a topical herbal drug for its in-vivo immunomodulatory effect on cytokines production and antibacterial activity in bovine subclinical mastitis, Ayu, 35:2 198, 2014.
• Currier N., Miller S. Natural killer cells from aging mice treated with extracts from Echinacea purpurea are quantitatively and functionally rejuvenated, Experimental Gerontology, 35 627-639, 2000.
• Dall'Acqua S., Grabnar I., Verardo R., Klaric E., Marchionni L., Luidy-Imada E., Sut S., Agostinis C., Bulla R., Perissutti B., Voinovich D. Combined extracts of Echinacea angustifolia DC. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe in softgel capsules: Pharmacokinetics and immunomodulatory effects assessed by gene expression profiling, Phytomedicine, 65 153090, 2019.
• O'neill W., McKee S., Clarke A. Immunological and haematinic consequences of feeding a standardised Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia) extract to healthy horses, Equine Veterinary Journal, 34 222-227, 2002.
• Reichling J., Fitzi J., Fürst-Jucker J., Bucher S., Saller R. Echinacea powder: treatment for canine chronic and seasonal upper respiratory tract infections, Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 145 223-231, 2003.
• Sairam K., Rao C.H.V., Babu M.D., Kumar K.V., Agrawal V.K., Goel R.K. Antiulcerogenic effect of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis: an experimental study, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 82 1-9, 2002.
• Bhandari P.R., Kamdod M.A. Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review of potential therapeutic applications, International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 6 257-269, 2012.
• Pandey A., Singh S.V., Singh N.V., Kant R., Singh J.P., Gupta R.K., Niyogi D. Effect of feeding Embilica officinalis (Amla) on milk quality in cattle affected with subclinical mastitis, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9 1259-1264, 2020.
• Lu J.M., Yao Q., Chen C. Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications, Current Vascular Pharmacology, 7 293-302, 2009.
• Hu S., Concha C., Cooray R., Holmberg O. Ginseng-enhanced oxidative and phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear leucocytes from bovine peripheral blood and stripping milk, Veterinary research, 26 155-161, 1995.
• Durmaz H., Hülül M., Celik H. Meyan (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) bitkisinin antibakteriyel ve antioksidan aktiviteleri, Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 7 37-41, 2018.
• Mukherjee P.K., Nema N.K., Bhadra S., Mukherjee D., Braga F.C., Matsabisa M. Immunomodulatory leads from medicinal plants, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 13 235-256, 2014.
• Saafi E.B., Louedi M., Elfeki A., Zakhama A., Najjar M.F., Hammami M., Achour L. Protective effect of date palm fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on dimethoate induced-oxidative stress in rat liver, Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 63 433-441, 2011.
• Ahmad A., Husain A., Mujeeb M., Khan S.A., Najmi A. K., Siddique N.A., Damanhouri Z.A., Anwar F. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 3 337-352, 2013.
• Woo C.C., Kumar A.P., Sethi G., Tan K.H. Thymoquinone: potential cure for inflammatory disorders and cancer, Biochemical Pharmacology, 83 443-451, 2012.
• Majdalawieh A.F., Fayyad M.W. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone: A comprehensive review, International immunopharmacology, 28 295-304, 2015.
• Salem M.L. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed, International Immunopharmacology, 5 1749-1770, 2005.
• Ural K., Gültekin M., Erdoğan H. Efficacy of Topical Curcuma longa and Nigella sativa Combination for Feline Head and Neck Dermatitis: An Open Pilot Study, Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 25 517-522, 2019.
• Tiwari R., Chakraborty S., Saminathan M., Dhama K., Singh S.V. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): Role in safeguarding health, immunomodulatory effects, combating infections and therapeutic applications: A review, Journal of Biological Sciences, 14: 77-110, 2014.
• Bhattacharya S., Muruganandam A. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 75 547-555, 2003.
• Tiwari R., Latheef S.K., Ahmed I., Iqbal H.M.N., Bule M.H., Dhama K., Samad H.A., Karthik K., Alagawany M., El-Hack M.E.A., Yatoo M.I., Farag M.R. Herbal immunomodulators-a remedial panacea for designing and developing effective drugs and medicines: current scenario and future prospects, Current Drug Metabolism, 19 264-301, 2018.
• Chauhan R. Effect of Immuplus on humoral and cell mediated immunity in dogs, Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology, 1 54-57, 1999.