Elektrodiyalitik asit-baz geri kazanımı için yapısal olarak çeşitli MXenlerle modifiye edilmiş polisülfon bazlı bipolar membranların performansı

Öz

Bu çalışma, sentetik tuzlu çözeltilerden asit ve baz geri kazanımı için bipolar membran elektrodiyalizinde (BMED) kullanılan polisülfon bazlı bipolar membranların (BPM'ler) performansı ve yapısı üzerinde çeşitli MXene tiplerinin etkisini araştırmaktadır. BPM'ler, polisülfonun sülfonasyonu ve klorometilasyonu ile anyonik ve katyonik tabakalar oluşturarak üretilmiş ve MXene'ler 0,1 g ve 0,3 g yüklemelerde arayüz değiştirici olarak eklenmiştir. Beş MXene çeşidi -Ti₃C₂Tₓ (HF ve LiF+HCl aşındırma), Ti₃CNTₓ (her iki aşındırma yöntemi) ve Ti₄N₃Tₓ (erimiş tuz sentezi)- incelenmiştir. XRD karakteristik MXene yapılarını doğrularken, FTIR modifiye edilmiş polimerlerdeki fonksiyonel grupları doğrulamıştır. Performans testleri, HF ile aşındırılmış Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene içeren BPM'lerin üstün asit ve baz üretimi sergilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Baz tankındaki Na⁺ konsantrasyonları, 0,1 g MXene'de 275 ppm'ye ve 0,3 g MXene'de 325 ppm'ye ulaşırken, MXene'siz 75 ppm'ye ulaşmıştır. Ti₃C₂Tₓ, daha yüksek yüzey işlevselliği ve iyon taşınımını artıran karbon bazlı kafes yapısı sayesinde azot içeren MXene'lerden daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Bulgular, sürdürülebilir su arıtımında BPM verimliliğini ve ekonomik uygulanabilirliğini etkileyen temel faktörler olarak MXene tipini ve yüklemeyi vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mxene
• BPM
• BMED Sistemi
• Asit ve Baz Geri Kazanımı

Performance of polysulfone-based bipolar membranes modified with structurally diverse MXenes for electrodialytic acid–base recovery

Abstract

This study explores the influence of various MXene types on the performance and structure of polysulfone-based bipolar membranes (BPMs) used in bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for acid and base recovery from synthetic saline solutions. BPMs were fabricated by sulfonation and chloromethylation of polysulfone, forming anionic and cationic layers, with MXenes incorporated as interfacial modifiers at 0.1 g and 0.3 g loadings. Five MXene variants—Ti₃C₂Tₓ (HF and LiF+HCl etching), Ti₃CNTₓ (both etching methods), and Ti₄N₃Tₓ (molten salt synthesis)—were studied. XRD confirmed characteristic MXene structures, while FTIR verified functional groups on modified polymers. Performance tests revealed HF-etched Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene-containing BPMs exhibited superior acid and base production, with Na⁺ concentrations in the base tank reaching 275 ppm at 0.1 g MXene and 325 ppm at 0.3 g, compared to 75 ppm without MXene. Ti₃C₂Tₓ outperformed nitrogen-containing MXenes due to higher surface functionality and carbon-based lattice structure enhancing ion transport. Findings highlight MXene type and loading as key factors affecting BPM efficiency and economic feasibility in sustainable water treatment.

Keywords

• MXene
• BPM
• BMED system
• Acid and Base Recovery

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