Research Article

Nothing is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent

Volume: 9 Number: 1 June 26, 2026
TR EN

Nothing is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent

Abstract

This study investigates the logical and ontological status of predicating impossibility of non-existent subjects within classical logic, especially in the Islamic philosophical tradition. In the Avicennian tradition, the dictum that “the absolutely nonexistent admits no predication” fostered a general reluctance toward impossibilities, yet the search for a logical framework to express such linguistically attested “entities” has persisted. Drawing on distinctions such as al-maʿdūm al-mumkin (possible non-existent) and al-maʿdūm al-muṭlaq (absolute non-existent), it explores how non-being can function either as subject or predicate without resulting in logical incoherence. While thinkers like Ibn Sīnā reject affirmative predications of impossibility on ontological grounds, some others, argue that affirmative and negative predications can meaningfully apply to purely mental or hypothetical constructs. The concept of impossibility is shown not merely as a denial of existence but as a positive modal assertion grounded in structural incoherence. Propositions like “The round-square is impossible” are not trivial but offer substantive metaphysical claims about conceptual limits. The paper highlights that while certain impossible entities may exist only mentally, they retain logical and semantic significance. Furthermore, it differentiates between existing in the mind and being confined to it, allowing for richer interpretations of mental representation. Ultimately, the work affirms that impossibility, when treated with proper ontological and semantic discipline, provides a legitimate site of inquiry for understanding the boundaries of conceptualization, the architecture of logical space, and the interface between thought and being.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

I hereby declare that this study has been conducted in accordance with the ethical principles and academic integrity standards required for scholarly research. All sources have been properly acknowledged and cited, and the work is the result of my own research and intellectual effort. I used AI tools solely as a language-support aid to check grammar, refine phrasing, and enhance overall clarity of expression. The content, arguments, and scholarly interpretations remain entirely my own and were not generated by any automated system.

Thanks

I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to TÜBİTAK for funding my research stay at Harvard University in 2022–2023 through the 2214-A fellowship, during which the foundations of this study were laid. I am likewise indebted to the scholars who, through their constructive and insightful feedback, contributed significantly to the further development of this paper following my presentation of an earlier version—under the same title—at the Second Pan-American Symposium on the History of Logic, organized by the Department of Philosophy at the University of California.

References

  1. Ashʿarī, Abū al-Ḥasan. Maḳālāt Al-Islāmiyyīn Wa al-Iḫtilāf al-Muṣallīn. Translated by Ömer Aydın and Mehmet Dalkılıç. Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu, 2019.
  2. Benevich, Fedor. “The Reality of the Non-Existent Object of Thought.” In Oxford Studies in Medival Philosphy, vol. 6, edited by Robert Panau. 2018.
  3. Calogero, Guido, and Lawrance H. Starkey. “Eleaticism.” In Encyclopedia of Britannica. 2019. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eleaticism.
  4. Çelik, Ahmet. “Kelâm’da Muhalin Anlamı ve Değeriyle İlgili Yaklaşımlara Genel Bakış.” Kelâm Araştırmaları Dergisi 14, no. 2 (2016): 460–79.
  5. Crane, Tim. “What Is the Problem of Non-Existence?” Philosophia: Philosophical Quarterly of Israel, no. 40 (2012): 417–34.
  6. Derin, Necmi. Kemalpaşazâde ve Taşköprülüzâde Risaleleri Bağlamında İslam Düşüncesinde Zihnî Varlık Problemi. İlahiyât, 2016.
  7. Faḍli, Abd al-Hadi. Ḫulāsat Al-ʿlm al-Kalām. 3rd ed. Dar al-Muarriẖ li al-Arabī, 1993.
  8. Fārābī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. Kitāb Al-Ḥurūf. Translated by Ömer Türker. Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu, 2015.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medieval Literature

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 26, 2026

Submission Date

July 27, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 15, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Oruk Akman, Z. (2026). Nothing is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1751996
AMA
1.Oruk Akman Z. Nothing is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent. OAD. 2026;9(1):45-62. doi:10.48120/oad.1751996
Chicago
Oruk Akman, Zehra. 2026. “Nothing Is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 (1): 45-62. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1751996.
EndNote
Oruk Akman Z (June 1, 2026) Nothing is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 1 45–62.
IEEE
[1]Z. Oruk Akman, “Nothing is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent”, OAD, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 45–62, June 2026, doi: 10.48120/oad.1751996.
ISNAD
Oruk Akman, Zehra. “Nothing Is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 9/1 (June 1, 2026): 45-62. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1751996.
JAMA
1.Oruk Akman Z. Nothing is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent. OAD. 2026;9:45–62.
MLA
Oruk Akman, Zehra. “Nothing Is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 45-62, doi:10.48120/oad.1751996.
Vancouver
1.Zehra Oruk Akman. Nothing is Just No Thing: Predicating ‘Impossibility’ on the Non-Existent. OAD. 2026 Jun. 1;9(1):45-62. doi:10.48120/oad.1751996

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