Savunma mimarisi elemanları: Tanımlar, işlevler ve terminoloji sorunları

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 1188 - 1202, 30.09.2024

Olcay Zengin Koşan

https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1293505

Abstract

Arkeolojide, savaşın somut kanıtlarının en önemlilerinden birisi savunma mimarisidir. Ancak arkeolojik çalışmalarda savunma mimarisini oluşturan taşınmazların tespiti ve işlevlerinin niteliği çeşitli tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu makalede hendek, glacis, yığma toprak set, savunma duvarı/palisad, kule/ bastion ve kapıdan oluşan savunma mimarisi elemanlarının tanımları yapılarak, işlevleri hakkındaki çeşitli görüşler üzerinde durulmuştur. Arkeoloji literatüründe savunma mimarisi ile ilgili taşınmazların isimleri çoğunlukla birbirleri yerine kullanılabilen sur ya da savunma duvarı, çit ya da palisad, bastion ya da kule, rampa ya da glacis gibi farklı sözcüklerle ifade edildiğinden terminolojide karmaşa yaşanmaktadır. Bu karmaşayı önlemek için, savunma mimarisi ile ilgili terminoloji sorunları tartışılarak Türkçe’de kullanılan farklı terimler için bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Savunma mimarisi, Hendek, Yığma toprak set, Glacis, Savunma duvarı, Bastion/kule, Kapı

Defensive architecture elements: Definitions, functions, and terminology problems

Abstract

One of the substantial archaeological evidence of warfare is defensive architecture. However, identifying the elements of defensive architecture and their functions has led to several disputes in archaeological research. In this article, the definitions of ditch, glacis, rampart, defensive wall/palisade, tower/bastion, and gate, which fall within the scope of defensive architecture, are given and different views of their functions are highlighted. Since the names of the elements of defensive architecture are often expressed with different terms in the archaeological literature, such as fortification or defensive wall, fence or palisade, bastion or tower, ramp or glacis, there are also ambiguities in terminology. By studying the terminological problems related to defensive architecture, some suggestions have been made for different terms used in Turkish to avoid this uncertainty.

Keywords

Defensive architecture, Ditch, Rampart, Glacis, Fortification wall, Bastion/tower, Gate

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