The Effect of Satisfaction and Adaptation of International Exchange Students on the Intention to Recommend: Example of Eskişehir Osmangazi University
Year 2021,
, 87 - 109, 01.04.2021
Mahmut Sami İşlek
,
Elif Öztürk
Abstract
The phenomenon of internationalization has affected all sectors and institutions in the world and higher education institutions have also been included in this dynamic. International students are a means of internationalization of higher education institutions. In this study, we aim to examine the effect of international student satisfaction and adaptation on the intention to recommend, data were collected from 197 students who went to study abroad with Erasmus + Learning Mobility in the last seven years. The data obtained were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling. According to the research results, international students' adaptation and satisfaction have a significant effect on their intention to recommend. Also, satisfaction plays a fully mediating role between adaptation and the intention to recommend.
References
- Abdullah, F. (2006), “Measuring service quality in higher education: HEdPERF versus SERVPERF”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning,Vol. 24, No. 1: 31-47.
- Abe, J.; Talbot, D. M.; Gellhoed, R.; Geelhoed, R. J. (1998), “Effects of a peer program on international student adjustment”, Journal of College Student Development, Vol. 39, No. 6: 539-547.
- Akkutay, E. A. (2017), “Yükseköğretimde Küreselleşme ve Yansımaları”, Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 4, S. 1: 1-16.
- Amaro, S.; Barroco, C.; Martins, C.; Antunes, J. (2019), “Erasmus students in Portugal: from students to tourists and advocates”, European Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 22: 94-106.
- Ammigan, R. (2019), “Institutional satisfaction and recommendation: What really matters to international students”, Journal of International Students, Vol. 9, No. 1: 262-281.
- Anderson, L. E. (1994), “A new look at an old construct: Cross-cultural adaptation”, International journal of intercultural relations, Vol. 18, No. 3: 293-328.
- Antwi, R.; Ziyati, A. (1993), “Life Experience of African Graduate Students in a Multi-Cultural Setting: A Case Study, New York: American Educational Research Association.(ERIC), 1-23.
- Arambewela, R.; Hall, J. (2009), "An empirical model of international student satisfaction", Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 21 No. 4: 555-569.
- Athiyaman, A. (1997), “Linking student satisfaction and service quality perceptions: the case of university education”, European journal of marketing. Vol. 31, No. 7: 528-540.
- Aydın, S.; Tavukçu, A. (2019), “İlişkisel pazarlama uygulamalarının müşteri sadakati, müşteri memnuniyeti ve müşterilerin tavsiye etme eğilimi üzerine etkisi: Türk katılım bankacılığı sektöründe bir araştırma”, International Congress on Business and Marketing, 156-172.
- Baker, R. W.; Siryk, B. (1999), “SACQ: Student adaptation to college questionnaire: Manual”,Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
- Baron, R. M.; Kenny, D. A. (1986), “The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations”, Journal of personality and social psychology, Vol. 51, No. 6: 1173-1182.
- Bastien, G., Seifen-Adkins, T. ve Johnson, L. R. (2018), “Striving for success: Academic adjustment of international students in the US”, Journal of International Students, Vol. 8, No. 2: 1198-1219.
- Beine, M.; Noel, R.; Ragot, Lionel (2014), “Determinants of the international mobility of students”, Economics of Education Review, S. 41: 40–54.
- Brein, M.; David, K. H. (1971), “Intercultural communication and the adjustment of the Sojourner”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 76, No. 3: 215.
- Browne, B. A; Kaldenberg, D. O.; Browne, W. G.; Brown, D. J. (1998), “Student as customer: Factors affecting satisfaction and assessments of institutional quality”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Vol. 8, No. 3: 1-14.
- Bryła, P. (2015), “Self-reported Effects of and satisfaction with international student mobility: A large-scale survey among Polish former Erasmus students”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 191: 2074-2082.
- Bui, H. T. N.; Selvarajah, C.; Vinen, D. G; Meyer, D. (2020), “Acculturation: Role of Student–University Alignment for International Student Psychological Adjustment”, Journal of Studies in International Education, 1-20.
- Chang, D. F. (2012), “College students’ perceptions of studying abroad and their readiness”. Asia Pacific Education Review, Vol. 13, No. 4: 583–591.
- Chen, S. F. (1996), “Learning Multiculturalism from the Experience of International Students: The Experience of International Students in a Teacher Training Program”, New York: American Educational Research Association.(ERIC).
- Cong, C. (2017), “International students’ satisfaction with educational service augmenters and their adjustment to the US higher education institutions”, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, Educ Foundations & Leadership, Old Dominion Universit.
- Çetinsaya, G. (2014), “Büyüme, kalite, uluslararasılaşma: Türkiye yükseköğretimi için bir yol haritasi”,Yükseköğretim Kurulu Yayın No: 2.
- Díaz‐Méndez, M.; Gummesson, E. (2012), “Value co‐creation and university teaching quality”, Journal of Service Management, Vol. 23, No. 4: 571–592.
- Dollinger, M.; Lodge, J.; Coates, H. (2018), “Co-creation in higher education: towards a conceptual model”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Vol. 28, No. 2: 210–231.
- Elliot, K. M.; Shin, D. (2002), “Student Satisfaction: An Alternative Approach to Assessing This Important Concept”, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, Vol. 24, No. 2: 197-209.
- Elliott, K. M; Healy, M. A. (2001), “Key factors influencing student satisfaction related to recruitment and retention”, Journal of marketing for higher education, Vol. 10, No. 4: 1-11.
- Endo, J. J.; Harpel, R. L. (1982), “The effect of student-faculty interaction on students' educational outcomes”, Research in Higher Education, Vol. 16, No. 2: 115-138.
- Engel, C. (2010), “The impact of Erasmus mobility on the professional career: Empirical results of international studies on temporary student and teaching staff mobility”, Belgeo, Vol. 4: 351–363.
- Erişti, B.; Polat, M.; Erdem, C. (2018), “Yükseköğretimde Uluslararasılaşma: Uluslararası Öğrencilerin Bulunduğu Sınıflarda Ders Veren Öğretim Elemanlarının Öğretim Sürecinde Yaşadıkları Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri”, Journal of History Culture and Art Research, C. 7, S. 2: 352-375.
- European C. (2014). Effects of mobility on the skills and employability of students and the internationalisation of higher education institutions. Luxembourg: Publications Office Of The European Union.
- Gomes, C.; Berry, M.; Alzougool, B.; Chang, S. (2014), “Home away from home: International students and their identity-based social networks in Australia”, Journal of International Students, Vol. 4, No. 1: 2-15.
- Hartman, D. E.; Schmidt, S. L. (1995), “Understanding student/alumni satisfaction from a consumer's perspective: The effects of institutional performance and program outcomes”, Research in Higher Education, Vol. 36, No.2: 197-217.
- Hechanova-Alampay, R.; Beehr, T. A; Christiansen, N. D.; Van Horn, R. K. (2002), “Adjustment and strain among domestic and international student sojourners: A longitudinal study”, School Psychology International, Vol. 23, No. 4: 458-474.
- Hendrickson, B.; Rosen, D.; Aune, R. K. (2011), “An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students”, International journal of intercultural relations, Vol. 35, No. 3: 281-295.
- Hunt, H. K. (1977), “Overview and future directions”, Conceptualization and measurement of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction, Marketing Science Institute, 7-23.
- Iriondo, I. (2019), “Evaluation of the impact of Erasmus study mobility on salaries and employment of recent graduates in Spain”, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 45, No. 4: 925–943.
- Janca, A.; Helzer, J. E. (1992), “Psychiatric morbidity of foreign students in Yugoslavia: a 25 year retrospective analysis”, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 4: 287-292.
- Jibeen, T.; Khan, M. A. (2015), “Internationalization of higher education: Potential benefits and costs”, International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, Vol. 4, No. 4: 196-199.
- Khan, M. A.; Omrane, A.; Bank, D. (2016). The role of internationalization in the higher education industry: an exploratory study. International Journal of Economics & Strategic Management of Business Process, Vol. 7, No. 2: 86-99.
- Khawaja, N. G; Dempsey, J. (2008), “A comparison of international and domestic tertiary students in Australia”, Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, Vol. 18, No, 1: 30-46.
- Langthaler, M. (2009), “Does globalised education benefit development? Introductory considerations on development and power in the context of internationalisation in tertiary education”, Internationalisation of Higher Education and Development. ÖFSE-Edition, Vol.15: 19-31.
- Maringe, F.; Foskett, N. (Eds.). (2012). Globalization and internationalization in higher education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspectives. A&C Black.
- Mellors-Bourne, R.; Humphrey, C.; Kemp, N.; Woodfield, S. (2013), “The Wider Benefits of International Higher Education in the UK”. Research Paper 128. London: Department for Business. Innovation and Skills, 1-128.
- Moreira, L.; Gomes, R. M. (2019), “Study abroad: the influence of city and university attractiveness factors”, European Journal of Tourism Research Vol. 22: 79-93.
- Oleksiyenko, A., Cheng, K.-M., ve Yip, H.-K. (2013), “International student mobility in Hong Kong: private good, public good, or trade in services?”, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 38, No. 7: 1079–1101.
- Oliver, R. L. (1981), “Measurement and evaluation of satisfaction processes in retail settings”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 57, No. 3: 25–48.
- Owlia, M. S; Aspinwall, E. M. (1997), “TQM in higher education‐a review”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 14, No. 5: 527-543.
- Öztürk, E.; Faiz, E. (2020), “Algılanan Öğretim Kalitesi ve Öğrenci Tatmininin Öğrenci Sadakati Üzerindeki Etkisi: Düzce Üniversitesi Örneği”, Uluslararası Turizm, Ekonomi ve İşletme Bilimleri Dergisi (IJTEBS) E-ISSN: 2602-4411, C. 4, S. 1: 01-15.
- Parr, G.; Bradley, L.; Bingi, R. (1992), “Concerns and feelings of international students”, Journal of College Student Development, Vol. 33, No. 1: 20–25.
- Paswan, A. K; Ganesh, G. (2009), “Higher education institutions: Satisfaction and loyalty among international students”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Vol. 19, No. 1: 65-84.
- Perez-Encinas, A.; Rodriguez-Pomeda, J. (2017), “International Students’ Perceptions of Their Needs When Going Abroad: Services on Demand”, Journal of Studies in International Education, Vol. 22, No. 1: 20–36.
- Rajapaksa, S.; Dundes, L. (2002), “It's a long way home: International student adjustment to living in the United States”, Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, Vol. 4, No. 1: 15-28.
- Ramsay, S.; Barker, M.; Jones, E. (1999), “Academic Adjustment and Learning Processes: a comparison of international and local students in first‐year university”, Higher Education Research & Development, Vol. 18, No. 1: 129-144.
- Rienties, B.; Beausaert, S.; Grohnert, T.; Niemantsverdriet, S.; Kommers, P. (2012), “Understanding academic performance of international students: The role of ethnicity, academic and social integration”, Higher education, Vol. 63, No. 6: 685-700.
- Roy, A.; Newman, A.; Ellenberger, T.; Pyman, A. (2018), “Outcomes of international student mobility programs: a systematic review and agenda for future research”, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 44, No. 9: 1–15.
- Russell, J.; Rosenthal, D.; Thomson, G. (2010), “The international student experience: Three styles of adaptation”, Higher education, Vol. 60, No.2: 235-249.
- Sevier, R. A. (1996), “Those Important Things: What Every College President Needs to Know About Marketing and Student Recruitment”, College and University, Vol. 71, No. 4: 9-16.
- Suanet, I.; Van de Vijver, F. Jr. (2009), “Perceived cultural distance and acculturation among exchange students in Russia”, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 3: 182–197.
- Thomson, C. P.; English, J. T. (1964), “Premature return of Peace Corps volunteers”, Public Health Reports, Vol. 79, No. 12: 1065.
- Tinto, V. (1975), “Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research”, Review of educational research, Vol. 45, No. 1: 89-125.
- Tinto, V. (1998), “Colleges as communities: Taking research on student persistence seriously”, The review of higher education, Vol. 21, No. 2: 167-177.
- Trice, A. G.; Yoo, J. E. (2007), “International graduate students' perceptions of their academic experience”, Journal of Research in International Education, Vol. 6, No. 1: 41-66.
- Wang, R.; Tseng, M. L. (2011), “Evaluation of International Student Satisfaction using Fuzzy Importance-Performance Analysis”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 25: 438–446.
- Westbrook, R. A. (1980), “Intrapersonal affective influences on consumer satisfaction with products”, Journal of consumer research, Vol. 7, No. 1: 49-54.
- Yemini, M.; Holzmann, V.; Fadilla, D.; Natur, N.; Stavans, A. (2014), “Israeli college students’ perceptions of internationalisation”, International Studies in Sociology of Education, Vol. 24, No. 3: 304–323.
- Zhai, L. (2002). “Studying International Students: Adjustment Issues and Social Support”, the educatıonal resources ınformatıon center, New York: American Educational Research Association.(ERIC), 1-20.
Uluslararası Değişim Öğrencilerinin Memnuniyet ve Uyumunun Tavsiye Etme Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Örneği
Year 2021,
, 87 - 109, 01.04.2021
Mahmut Sami İşlek
,
Elif Öztürk
Abstract
Uluslararasılaşma olgusu dünya üzerinde yer alan tüm sektörleri ve kurumları etkilemiş ve yükseköğretim kurumları da bu dinamiğe dâhil olmuştur. Yükseköğretim kurumlarının uluslararasılaşmasına vesile olan bir araç da uluslararası öğrencilerdir. Uluslararası öğrenci memnuniyeti ve uyumun tavsiye etme niyeti üzerine etkisini incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada son yedi yılda Erasmus+ Öğrenim Hareketliliği ile yurt dışı öğrenimine giden 197 öğrenciden anket yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre uluslararası öğrencilerin uyum ve memnuniyeti tavsiye etme niyeti üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca memnuniyet, uyum ve tavsiye etme niyeti arasında tam aracı değişken rolü oynamaktadır.
References
- Abdullah, F. (2006), “Measuring service quality in higher education: HEdPERF versus SERVPERF”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning,Vol. 24, No. 1: 31-47.
- Abe, J.; Talbot, D. M.; Gellhoed, R.; Geelhoed, R. J. (1998), “Effects of a peer program on international student adjustment”, Journal of College Student Development, Vol. 39, No. 6: 539-547.
- Akkutay, E. A. (2017), “Yükseköğretimde Küreselleşme ve Yansımaları”, Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 4, S. 1: 1-16.
- Amaro, S.; Barroco, C.; Martins, C.; Antunes, J. (2019), “Erasmus students in Portugal: from students to tourists and advocates”, European Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 22: 94-106.
- Ammigan, R. (2019), “Institutional satisfaction and recommendation: What really matters to international students”, Journal of International Students, Vol. 9, No. 1: 262-281.
- Anderson, L. E. (1994), “A new look at an old construct: Cross-cultural adaptation”, International journal of intercultural relations, Vol. 18, No. 3: 293-328.
- Antwi, R.; Ziyati, A. (1993), “Life Experience of African Graduate Students in a Multi-Cultural Setting: A Case Study, New York: American Educational Research Association.(ERIC), 1-23.
- Arambewela, R.; Hall, J. (2009), "An empirical model of international student satisfaction", Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 21 No. 4: 555-569.
- Athiyaman, A. (1997), “Linking student satisfaction and service quality perceptions: the case of university education”, European journal of marketing. Vol. 31, No. 7: 528-540.
- Aydın, S.; Tavukçu, A. (2019), “İlişkisel pazarlama uygulamalarının müşteri sadakati, müşteri memnuniyeti ve müşterilerin tavsiye etme eğilimi üzerine etkisi: Türk katılım bankacılığı sektöründe bir araştırma”, International Congress on Business and Marketing, 156-172.
- Baker, R. W.; Siryk, B. (1999), “SACQ: Student adaptation to college questionnaire: Manual”,Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
- Baron, R. M.; Kenny, D. A. (1986), “The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations”, Journal of personality and social psychology, Vol. 51, No. 6: 1173-1182.
- Bastien, G., Seifen-Adkins, T. ve Johnson, L. R. (2018), “Striving for success: Academic adjustment of international students in the US”, Journal of International Students, Vol. 8, No. 2: 1198-1219.
- Beine, M.; Noel, R.; Ragot, Lionel (2014), “Determinants of the international mobility of students”, Economics of Education Review, S. 41: 40–54.
- Brein, M.; David, K. H. (1971), “Intercultural communication and the adjustment of the Sojourner”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 76, No. 3: 215.
- Browne, B. A; Kaldenberg, D. O.; Browne, W. G.; Brown, D. J. (1998), “Student as customer: Factors affecting satisfaction and assessments of institutional quality”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Vol. 8, No. 3: 1-14.
- Bryła, P. (2015), “Self-reported Effects of and satisfaction with international student mobility: A large-scale survey among Polish former Erasmus students”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 191: 2074-2082.
- Bui, H. T. N.; Selvarajah, C.; Vinen, D. G; Meyer, D. (2020), “Acculturation: Role of Student–University Alignment for International Student Psychological Adjustment”, Journal of Studies in International Education, 1-20.
- Chang, D. F. (2012), “College students’ perceptions of studying abroad and their readiness”. Asia Pacific Education Review, Vol. 13, No. 4: 583–591.
- Chen, S. F. (1996), “Learning Multiculturalism from the Experience of International Students: The Experience of International Students in a Teacher Training Program”, New York: American Educational Research Association.(ERIC).
- Cong, C. (2017), “International students’ satisfaction with educational service augmenters and their adjustment to the US higher education institutions”, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, Educ Foundations & Leadership, Old Dominion Universit.
- Çetinsaya, G. (2014), “Büyüme, kalite, uluslararasılaşma: Türkiye yükseköğretimi için bir yol haritasi”,Yükseköğretim Kurulu Yayın No: 2.
- Díaz‐Méndez, M.; Gummesson, E. (2012), “Value co‐creation and university teaching quality”, Journal of Service Management, Vol. 23, No. 4: 571–592.
- Dollinger, M.; Lodge, J.; Coates, H. (2018), “Co-creation in higher education: towards a conceptual model”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Vol. 28, No. 2: 210–231.
- Elliot, K. M.; Shin, D. (2002), “Student Satisfaction: An Alternative Approach to Assessing This Important Concept”, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, Vol. 24, No. 2: 197-209.
- Elliott, K. M; Healy, M. A. (2001), “Key factors influencing student satisfaction related to recruitment and retention”, Journal of marketing for higher education, Vol. 10, No. 4: 1-11.
- Endo, J. J.; Harpel, R. L. (1982), “The effect of student-faculty interaction on students' educational outcomes”, Research in Higher Education, Vol. 16, No. 2: 115-138.
- Engel, C. (2010), “The impact of Erasmus mobility on the professional career: Empirical results of international studies on temporary student and teaching staff mobility”, Belgeo, Vol. 4: 351–363.
- Erişti, B.; Polat, M.; Erdem, C. (2018), “Yükseköğretimde Uluslararasılaşma: Uluslararası Öğrencilerin Bulunduğu Sınıflarda Ders Veren Öğretim Elemanlarının Öğretim Sürecinde Yaşadıkları Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri”, Journal of History Culture and Art Research, C. 7, S. 2: 352-375.
- European C. (2014). Effects of mobility on the skills and employability of students and the internationalisation of higher education institutions. Luxembourg: Publications Office Of The European Union.
- Gomes, C.; Berry, M.; Alzougool, B.; Chang, S. (2014), “Home away from home: International students and their identity-based social networks in Australia”, Journal of International Students, Vol. 4, No. 1: 2-15.
- Hartman, D. E.; Schmidt, S. L. (1995), “Understanding student/alumni satisfaction from a consumer's perspective: The effects of institutional performance and program outcomes”, Research in Higher Education, Vol. 36, No.2: 197-217.
- Hechanova-Alampay, R.; Beehr, T. A; Christiansen, N. D.; Van Horn, R. K. (2002), “Adjustment and strain among domestic and international student sojourners: A longitudinal study”, School Psychology International, Vol. 23, No. 4: 458-474.
- Hendrickson, B.; Rosen, D.; Aune, R. K. (2011), “An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students”, International journal of intercultural relations, Vol. 35, No. 3: 281-295.
- Hunt, H. K. (1977), “Overview and future directions”, Conceptualization and measurement of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction, Marketing Science Institute, 7-23.
- Iriondo, I. (2019), “Evaluation of the impact of Erasmus study mobility on salaries and employment of recent graduates in Spain”, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 45, No. 4: 925–943.
- Janca, A.; Helzer, J. E. (1992), “Psychiatric morbidity of foreign students in Yugoslavia: a 25 year retrospective analysis”, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 4: 287-292.
- Jibeen, T.; Khan, M. A. (2015), “Internationalization of higher education: Potential benefits and costs”, International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, Vol. 4, No. 4: 196-199.
- Khan, M. A.; Omrane, A.; Bank, D. (2016). The role of internationalization in the higher education industry: an exploratory study. International Journal of Economics & Strategic Management of Business Process, Vol. 7, No. 2: 86-99.
- Khawaja, N. G; Dempsey, J. (2008), “A comparison of international and domestic tertiary students in Australia”, Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, Vol. 18, No, 1: 30-46.
- Langthaler, M. (2009), “Does globalised education benefit development? Introductory considerations on development and power in the context of internationalisation in tertiary education”, Internationalisation of Higher Education and Development. ÖFSE-Edition, Vol.15: 19-31.
- Maringe, F.; Foskett, N. (Eds.). (2012). Globalization and internationalization in higher education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspectives. A&C Black.
- Mellors-Bourne, R.; Humphrey, C.; Kemp, N.; Woodfield, S. (2013), “The Wider Benefits of International Higher Education in the UK”. Research Paper 128. London: Department for Business. Innovation and Skills, 1-128.
- Moreira, L.; Gomes, R. M. (2019), “Study abroad: the influence of city and university attractiveness factors”, European Journal of Tourism Research Vol. 22: 79-93.
- Oleksiyenko, A., Cheng, K.-M., ve Yip, H.-K. (2013), “International student mobility in Hong Kong: private good, public good, or trade in services?”, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 38, No. 7: 1079–1101.
- Oliver, R. L. (1981), “Measurement and evaluation of satisfaction processes in retail settings”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 57, No. 3: 25–48.
- Owlia, M. S; Aspinwall, E. M. (1997), “TQM in higher education‐a review”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 14, No. 5: 527-543.
- Öztürk, E.; Faiz, E. (2020), “Algılanan Öğretim Kalitesi ve Öğrenci Tatmininin Öğrenci Sadakati Üzerindeki Etkisi: Düzce Üniversitesi Örneği”, Uluslararası Turizm, Ekonomi ve İşletme Bilimleri Dergisi (IJTEBS) E-ISSN: 2602-4411, C. 4, S. 1: 01-15.
- Parr, G.; Bradley, L.; Bingi, R. (1992), “Concerns and feelings of international students”, Journal of College Student Development, Vol. 33, No. 1: 20–25.
- Paswan, A. K; Ganesh, G. (2009), “Higher education institutions: Satisfaction and loyalty among international students”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, Vol. 19, No. 1: 65-84.
- Perez-Encinas, A.; Rodriguez-Pomeda, J. (2017), “International Students’ Perceptions of Their Needs When Going Abroad: Services on Demand”, Journal of Studies in International Education, Vol. 22, No. 1: 20–36.
- Rajapaksa, S.; Dundes, L. (2002), “It's a long way home: International student adjustment to living in the United States”, Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, Vol. 4, No. 1: 15-28.
- Ramsay, S.; Barker, M.; Jones, E. (1999), “Academic Adjustment and Learning Processes: a comparison of international and local students in first‐year university”, Higher Education Research & Development, Vol. 18, No. 1: 129-144.
- Rienties, B.; Beausaert, S.; Grohnert, T.; Niemantsverdriet, S.; Kommers, P. (2012), “Understanding academic performance of international students: The role of ethnicity, academic and social integration”, Higher education, Vol. 63, No. 6: 685-700.
- Roy, A.; Newman, A.; Ellenberger, T.; Pyman, A. (2018), “Outcomes of international student mobility programs: a systematic review and agenda for future research”, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 44, No. 9: 1–15.
- Russell, J.; Rosenthal, D.; Thomson, G. (2010), “The international student experience: Three styles of adaptation”, Higher education, Vol. 60, No.2: 235-249.
- Sevier, R. A. (1996), “Those Important Things: What Every College President Needs to Know About Marketing and Student Recruitment”, College and University, Vol. 71, No. 4: 9-16.
- Suanet, I.; Van de Vijver, F. Jr. (2009), “Perceived cultural distance and acculturation among exchange students in Russia”, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 3: 182–197.
- Thomson, C. P.; English, J. T. (1964), “Premature return of Peace Corps volunteers”, Public Health Reports, Vol. 79, No. 12: 1065.
- Tinto, V. (1975), “Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research”, Review of educational research, Vol. 45, No. 1: 89-125.
- Tinto, V. (1998), “Colleges as communities: Taking research on student persistence seriously”, The review of higher education, Vol. 21, No. 2: 167-177.
- Trice, A. G.; Yoo, J. E. (2007), “International graduate students' perceptions of their academic experience”, Journal of Research in International Education, Vol. 6, No. 1: 41-66.
- Wang, R.; Tseng, M. L. (2011), “Evaluation of International Student Satisfaction using Fuzzy Importance-Performance Analysis”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 25: 438–446.
- Westbrook, R. A. (1980), “Intrapersonal affective influences on consumer satisfaction with products”, Journal of consumer research, Vol. 7, No. 1: 49-54.
- Yemini, M.; Holzmann, V.; Fadilla, D.; Natur, N.; Stavans, A. (2014), “Israeli college students’ perceptions of internationalisation”, International Studies in Sociology of Education, Vol. 24, No. 3: 304–323.
- Zhai, L. (2002). “Studying International Students: Adjustment Issues and Social Support”, the educatıonal resources ınformatıon center, New York: American Educational Research Association.(ERIC), 1-20.