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Is overlooking workplace incivility just like experiencing “boiling frog syndrome”? Uncivil behaviours at workplace and their major negative consequences and how to reduce their negative outcomes

Year 2021, , 750 - 762, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.758175

Abstract

Millions of people go to work every day but only very lucky ones don’t experience incivility at workplaces. Unfortunately, majority of the employees are the victims of verbal aggression, emotional abuse and even violence any time in the organizations. Workplace incivility simply means rude, hidden aggressive and discourteous behaviors and it can be dangerous for both the organizations and the workplaces. Workplace incivility has been somewhat overlooked due to its less intense nature comparing to aggression. In fact, usually the instigator of an uncivil behavior is not even aware of the harmful effects of his/her act toward the victim. Workplace incivility is often overlooked but it might cost too much for the organizations since it leads to poor workplace climate, job dissatisfaction major negative outcomes like employee turnover and employee turnover. Whether intentional or not, from disrespecting other coworkers to verbal aggressions or insulting others, unacceptable behaviors should be detected by the management and the measures must be taken immediately to stop the negative consequences of the workplace incivility. In this conceptual study, uncivil behaviors at workplaces will be defined in detail, theoretical framework will be formed and the actions that must be taken to reduce and prevent incivility in the workplaces will be recommended.

References

  • Abubakar, A. M., Megeirhi, H. A., & Shneikat, B. (2018). Tolerance for workplace incivility, employee cynicism and job search behavior. The Service Industries Journal, 38(9-10), 629-643.
  • Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Effect of tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24, 452–471.
  • Arasli, H., Hejraty Namin, B., & Abubakar, A. M. (2018). Workplace incivility as a moderator of the relationships between polychronicity and job outcomes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1245-1272.
  • Bartlett, J. E. (2008). Workplace Incivility: Worker and Organizational Antecedents and Outcomes. Online Submission.
  • Cho, M., Bonn, M. A., Han, S. J., & Lee, K. H. (2016). Workplace incivility and its effect upon restaurant frontline service employee emotions and service performance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
  • Demsky, C. A., Fritz, C., Hammer, L. B., & Black, A. E. (2019). Workplace incivility and employee sleep: The role of rumination and recovery experiences. Journal of occupational health psychology, 24(2), 228.
  • Fida, R., Laschinger, H. K. S., & Leiter, M. P. (2018). The protective role of self-efficacy against workplace incivility and burnout in nursing: A time-lagged study. Health care management review, 43(1), 21-29.
  • Firth, L., Mellor, D. J., Moore, K. A., & Loquet, C. (2004). How can managers reduce employee intention to quit?. Journal of managerial psychology, 19(2), 170-187.
  • Geldart, S., Langlois, L., Shannon, H. S., Cortina, L. M., Griffith, L., & Haines, T. (2018). Workplace incivility, psychological distress, and the protective effect of co-worker support. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 11(2), 96-110.
  • Grissom, J. A., Viano, S. L., & Selin, J. L. (2016). Understanding employee turnover in the public sector: Insights from research on teacher mobility. Public Administration Review, 76(2), 241-251.
  • Han, S. J., Bonn, M. A., & Cho, M. (2016). The relationship between customer incivility, restaurant frontline service employee burnout and turnover intention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 52, 97-106.
  • Hanrahan, M., & Leiter, M. P. (2014). Workplace mistreatment: recent developments in theory, research, and interventions. Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide, 1-32. Editors: Chen, P. Y., & Cooper, C. L. Work and wellbeing, Vol. III. Wiley-Blackwell. UK.
  • He, Y., Costa, P. L., Walker, J. M., Miner, K. N., & Wooderson, R. L. (2019). Political identity dissimilarity, workplace incivility, and declines in well‐being: A prospective investigation. Stress and Health.
  • Hershcovis, M. S., Ogunfowora, B., Reich, T. C., & Christie, A. M. (2017). Targeted workplace incivility: The roles of belongingness, embarrassment, and power. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(7), 1057-1075.
  • Hoffman, R. L., & Chunta, K. (2015). Workplace incivility: promoting zero tolerance in nursing. Journal of radiology nursing, 34(4), 222-227.
  • Jiménez, P., Dunkl, A., & Peißl, S. (2015). Workplace incivility and its effects on value congruence, recovery-stress-state and the intention to quit. Psychology, 6(14), 1930.
  • Kappel,M.(2017).5Waysto reduce employee turnover. Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikekappel/2017/08/09/5-ways-to-reduce-employee-turnover /#3e6cb4d55001, Accessed: 10.03.2020.
  • Katsikea, E., Theodosiou, M., & Morgan, R. E. (2015). Why people quit: Explaining employee turnover intentions among export sales managers. International Business Review, 24(3), 367-379.
  • Koon, V. Y., & Pun, P. Y. (2018). The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction on the relationship between job demands and instigated workplace incivility. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(2), 187-207.
  • Laplante, P. A. (2004). Staying clear of boiling-frog syndrome [work environment]. It Professional, 6(2), 56-58.
  • Loh, J. M., & Loi, N. (2018). Tit for tat: Burnout as a mediator between workplace incivility and instigated workplace incivility. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 10(1), 100-111.
  • Lim, S., Ilies, R., Koopman, J., Christoforou, P., & Arvey, R. D. (2018). Emotional mechanisms linking incivility at work to aggression and withdrawal at home: An experience-sampling study. Journal of Management, 44(7), 2888-2908.
  • Liu, C. E., Chen, Y., YU, S., Hu, S., Huang, J., & Ding, C. (2017). Supervisor Incivility, Psychology Safety and Employee Turnover Intention: Does Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi Matter? International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(9), 79-90.
  • Porath, C, & Pearson, C. (2013). The Price of Incivility. Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2013/01/the-price-of-incivility. Accessed: 06.04.2020.
  • Reich, T. C., & Hershcovis, M. S. (2015). Observing workplace incivility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 203.
  • Sabbath, E. L., Williams, J. A., Boden, L. I., Tempesti, T., Wagner, G. R., Hopcia, K., ... & Sorensen, G. (2018). Mental health expenditures: Association with workplace incivility and bullying among hospital patient care workers. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 60(8), 737-742.
  • Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., & Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational behavior, 37, S57-S88.
  • Sguera, F., Bagozzi, R. P., Huy, Q. N., Boss, R. W., & Boss, D. S. (2016). Curtailing the harmful effects of workplace incivility: The role of structural demands and organization-provided resources. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95, 115-127.
  • Sharma, N. and Singh, V.K. (2016), "Effect of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and turnover intentions in India", South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 234-249. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-02-2015-0020
  • Smith, J. G., Morin, K. H., & Lake, E. T. (2018). Association of the nurse work environment with nurse incivility in hospitals. Journal of nursing management, 26(2), 219-226.
  • Taylor, H., Harle, C. A., Johnson, S. M., & Menachemi, N. (2019). Workplace incivility experienced by Health Administration faculty. The Journal of health administration education, 36(2), 191.
  • Taylor, S. G., Bedeian, A. G., Cole, M. S., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Developing and testing a dynamic model of workplace incivility change. Journal of Management, 43(3), 645-670.
  • Tsuno, K., Kawakami, N., Shimazu, A., Shimada, K., Inoue, A., & Leiter, M. P. (2017). Workplace incivility in Japan: Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale. Journal of occupational health, 16-0196.
  • Vahle-Hinz, T., Baethge, A., & Van Dick, R. (2019). Beyond one work day? A daily diary study on causal and reverse effects between experienced workplace incivility and behaving rude towards others. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(2), 272-285.
  • Van der Vaart, L., Linde, B., De Beer, L., & Cockeran, M. (2015). Employee well-being, intention to leave and perceived employability: A psychological contract approach. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 18(1), 32-44.
  • Young, K. A., Hassan, S., & Hatmaker, D. M. (2019). Towards understanding workplace incivility: gender, ethical leadership and personal control. Public Management Review, 1-22.
  • Zia-ud-Din, M., Arif, A., & Shabbir, M. A. (2017). The impact of workplace incivility on employee absenteeism and organization commitment. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(5), 205-221.

İşyeri nezaketsizliğini görmezden gelmek “haşlanmış kurbağa sendromu”nu yaşamak gibi midir? İşyerinde nezaketsiz davranışlar, önemli olumsuz sonuçları ve bu olumsuz sonuçları azaltmanın yolları

Year 2021, , 750 - 762, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.758175

Abstract

Milyonlarca insan her gün işe gitmektedir ancak çok şanslı olan pek azı işyerlerinde nezaketsizliği yaşamamaktadır. Maalesef, çalışanların çoğu,örgütlerde sözlü saldırının, duygusal istismarın hatta şiddetin kurbanı olmaktadırlar. İşyeri nezaketsizliği kısaca kabalık, gizli saldırganlık ve saygısızlık anlamına gelmektedir ve hem örgütler hem de işyerleri için tehlikeli olabilir. İşyeri nezaketsizliği saldırganlıkla karşılaştırıldığında daha düşük yoğunluklu olduğundan göz ardı edilen birşeydir. Aslında, genellikle bunu yapan kişi kurbanın olumsuz sonuçlarından etkilendiğinin bile farkındadeğildir. İşyeri nezaketsizliği sıklıkla göz ardı edilmektedir fakat kötü iş ortamı, iş memnuniyetsizliği ve daha önemli olumsuz sonuçlar olan işten ayrılma niyeti ve işgücü devrine neden olduğundan, örgütler için çok fazlaya mal olabilir. Kasıtlı olsun, olmasın, sözlü saldırılardan başkalarına hakarete kadar varan saygısızlıklar ve kabul edilemez davranışlar yönetim tarafından tespit edilmeli ve işyeri nezaketsizliğinin olumsuz sonuçların önüne geçilmesi için derhal harekete geçilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, işyerlerindeki nezaketsizlikler detaylı olarak tanımlanacak, kavramsal çerçeve oluşturularak, işyerlerindeki nezaketsizlikliğini azaltmak ve önlemek için atılması gereken adımlarla ilgili önerilerde bulunulacaktır.

References

  • Abubakar, A. M., Megeirhi, H. A., & Shneikat, B. (2018). Tolerance for workplace incivility, employee cynicism and job search behavior. The Service Industries Journal, 38(9-10), 629-643.
  • Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Effect of tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24, 452–471.
  • Arasli, H., Hejraty Namin, B., & Abubakar, A. M. (2018). Workplace incivility as a moderator of the relationships between polychronicity and job outcomes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1245-1272.
  • Bartlett, J. E. (2008). Workplace Incivility: Worker and Organizational Antecedents and Outcomes. Online Submission.
  • Cho, M., Bonn, M. A., Han, S. J., & Lee, K. H. (2016). Workplace incivility and its effect upon restaurant frontline service employee emotions and service performance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
  • Demsky, C. A., Fritz, C., Hammer, L. B., & Black, A. E. (2019). Workplace incivility and employee sleep: The role of rumination and recovery experiences. Journal of occupational health psychology, 24(2), 228.
  • Fida, R., Laschinger, H. K. S., & Leiter, M. P. (2018). The protective role of self-efficacy against workplace incivility and burnout in nursing: A time-lagged study. Health care management review, 43(1), 21-29.
  • Firth, L., Mellor, D. J., Moore, K. A., & Loquet, C. (2004). How can managers reduce employee intention to quit?. Journal of managerial psychology, 19(2), 170-187.
  • Geldart, S., Langlois, L., Shannon, H. S., Cortina, L. M., Griffith, L., & Haines, T. (2018). Workplace incivility, psychological distress, and the protective effect of co-worker support. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 11(2), 96-110.
  • Grissom, J. A., Viano, S. L., & Selin, J. L. (2016). Understanding employee turnover in the public sector: Insights from research on teacher mobility. Public Administration Review, 76(2), 241-251.
  • Han, S. J., Bonn, M. A., & Cho, M. (2016). The relationship between customer incivility, restaurant frontline service employee burnout and turnover intention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 52, 97-106.
  • Hanrahan, M., & Leiter, M. P. (2014). Workplace mistreatment: recent developments in theory, research, and interventions. Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide, 1-32. Editors: Chen, P. Y., & Cooper, C. L. Work and wellbeing, Vol. III. Wiley-Blackwell. UK.
  • He, Y., Costa, P. L., Walker, J. M., Miner, K. N., & Wooderson, R. L. (2019). Political identity dissimilarity, workplace incivility, and declines in well‐being: A prospective investigation. Stress and Health.
  • Hershcovis, M. S., Ogunfowora, B., Reich, T. C., & Christie, A. M. (2017). Targeted workplace incivility: The roles of belongingness, embarrassment, and power. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(7), 1057-1075.
  • Hoffman, R. L., & Chunta, K. (2015). Workplace incivility: promoting zero tolerance in nursing. Journal of radiology nursing, 34(4), 222-227.
  • Jiménez, P., Dunkl, A., & Peißl, S. (2015). Workplace incivility and its effects on value congruence, recovery-stress-state and the intention to quit. Psychology, 6(14), 1930.
  • Kappel,M.(2017).5Waysto reduce employee turnover. Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikekappel/2017/08/09/5-ways-to-reduce-employee-turnover /#3e6cb4d55001, Accessed: 10.03.2020.
  • Katsikea, E., Theodosiou, M., & Morgan, R. E. (2015). Why people quit: Explaining employee turnover intentions among export sales managers. International Business Review, 24(3), 367-379.
  • Koon, V. Y., & Pun, P. Y. (2018). The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction on the relationship between job demands and instigated workplace incivility. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(2), 187-207.
  • Laplante, P. A. (2004). Staying clear of boiling-frog syndrome [work environment]. It Professional, 6(2), 56-58.
  • Loh, J. M., & Loi, N. (2018). Tit for tat: Burnout as a mediator between workplace incivility and instigated workplace incivility. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 10(1), 100-111.
  • Lim, S., Ilies, R., Koopman, J., Christoforou, P., & Arvey, R. D. (2018). Emotional mechanisms linking incivility at work to aggression and withdrawal at home: An experience-sampling study. Journal of Management, 44(7), 2888-2908.
  • Liu, C. E., Chen, Y., YU, S., Hu, S., Huang, J., & Ding, C. (2017). Supervisor Incivility, Psychology Safety and Employee Turnover Intention: Does Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi Matter? International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(9), 79-90.
  • Porath, C, & Pearson, C. (2013). The Price of Incivility. Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2013/01/the-price-of-incivility. Accessed: 06.04.2020.
  • Reich, T. C., & Hershcovis, M. S. (2015). Observing workplace incivility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 203.
  • Sabbath, E. L., Williams, J. A., Boden, L. I., Tempesti, T., Wagner, G. R., Hopcia, K., ... & Sorensen, G. (2018). Mental health expenditures: Association with workplace incivility and bullying among hospital patient care workers. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 60(8), 737-742.
  • Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., & Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational behavior, 37, S57-S88.
  • Sguera, F., Bagozzi, R. P., Huy, Q. N., Boss, R. W., & Boss, D. S. (2016). Curtailing the harmful effects of workplace incivility: The role of structural demands and organization-provided resources. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95, 115-127.
  • Sharma, N. and Singh, V.K. (2016), "Effect of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and turnover intentions in India", South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 234-249. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-02-2015-0020
  • Smith, J. G., Morin, K. H., & Lake, E. T. (2018). Association of the nurse work environment with nurse incivility in hospitals. Journal of nursing management, 26(2), 219-226.
  • Taylor, H., Harle, C. A., Johnson, S. M., & Menachemi, N. (2019). Workplace incivility experienced by Health Administration faculty. The Journal of health administration education, 36(2), 191.
  • Taylor, S. G., Bedeian, A. G., Cole, M. S., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Developing and testing a dynamic model of workplace incivility change. Journal of Management, 43(3), 645-670.
  • Tsuno, K., Kawakami, N., Shimazu, A., Shimada, K., Inoue, A., & Leiter, M. P. (2017). Workplace incivility in Japan: Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale. Journal of occupational health, 16-0196.
  • Vahle-Hinz, T., Baethge, A., & Van Dick, R. (2019). Beyond one work day? A daily diary study on causal and reverse effects between experienced workplace incivility and behaving rude towards others. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(2), 272-285.
  • Van der Vaart, L., Linde, B., De Beer, L., & Cockeran, M. (2015). Employee well-being, intention to leave and perceived employability: A psychological contract approach. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 18(1), 32-44.
  • Young, K. A., Hassan, S., & Hatmaker, D. M. (2019). Towards understanding workplace incivility: gender, ethical leadership and personal control. Public Management Review, 1-22.
  • Zia-ud-Din, M., Arif, A., & Shabbir, M. A. (2017). The impact of workplace incivility on employee absenteeism and organization commitment. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(5), 205-221.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Can Biçer 0000-0001-7270-7417

Publication Date July 31, 2021
Submission Date June 25, 2020
Acceptance Date December 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Biçer, C. (2021). Is overlooking workplace incivility just like experiencing “boiling frog syndrome”? Uncivil behaviours at workplace and their major negative consequences and how to reduce their negative outcomes. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 750-762. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.758175
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