Okul Çapında Olumlu Davranışsal Destek Modeli ve İkincil Düzey Müdahalelere Bakış

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 233 - 252, 02.03.2021

Zehra Atbaşı

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.532583

Abstract

Öğrencilerin temel sosyal becerilerini geliştirmeye odaklanan Okul Genelinde Olumlu Davranışsal Destek (OGODD), problem davranışları belirleyerek uygun davranışları öğretmek için veriye dayalı bir sistem kullanmaktadır. OGODD ekip çalışmasına dayanan, anaokulundan, liseye kadar pek çok okul ve kademesinde uygulanan bir yapı özelliği taşımaktadır. Okuldaki bütün öğrencileri kapsayan OGODD, tüm öğrencilere ve okul personeline güvenli ve olumlu okul ortamı sunmaktadır. Sunulan destekler okul genelinde, sınıfta ve bireysel müdahaleler biçiminde yürütülmektedir. Her okulun kendine özgü kapsamlı bir sistem kurmasına olanak sağlayan OGODD, öğrencilere yönelik tüm desteği kanıta dayalı olarak sunan bir sistem yaklaşımıdır. OGODD çeşitli stratejiler yoluyla ulaşılan ana bileşenleri bulunan bir yaklaşım olmasına rağmen paket bir program değildir ve üç aşamalı piramit modeliyle açıklanmaktadır. Üç aşamalı bu modelde okuldaki tüm öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarına yönelik uygulamalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı,  OGODD modelinin çerçevesini, bu çerçevede sunulan ikincil düzey müdahaleleri ve ikincil düzey müdahalelerde, öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarını en iyi şekilde karşılanmasını sağlamaya yönelik yapılması gerekenleri tanımlamaktır. Ayrıca, okulların ikincil düzey müdahalelerini hem başlangıç hem de devam eden uygulanma sürecinde nasıl planladığını açıklayarak gelecekteki araştırma ve uygulamalara ışık tutmak amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Olumlu davranışsal destek, problem davranış, okul geneli müdahaleler, ikincil düzey

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