Meslek Lisesi Öğrencilerinin İşsizlik Sorunlarında Bağlantı ve Uyum Problemi: Endonezya ve Türkiye Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Endonezya, geniş coğrafyası ve büyük nüfusu nedeniyle ciddi işsizlik sorunlarıyla karşı karşıyadır ve bu durum ülkenin ekonomik refahını tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışma, "Bağlantı ve Uyum" (Link and Match) problemi çerçevesinde Endonezyalı meslek lisesi mezunları arasındaki işsizlik sorununu analiz etmeyi ve Türkiye'nin mesleki eğitim sistemi ile karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirme sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği çalışmada, tanımlayıcı vaka analizi deseni kullanılmıştır. Veriler, beş farklı eyaletten amaçlı örnekleme ile seçilen 25 mezunla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, mezunların iş gücü piyasasında hem beceri uyuşmazlıkları (skills mismatch) yaşadığını hem de okullardaki altyapı eksikliklerinin istihdam edilebilirliği olumsuz etkilediğini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın sonucu, mesleki eğitimin işsizliği azaltmada kritik bir rol oynamasına rağmen, mevcut müfredatın endüstriyel taleplerin gerisinde kaldığını ve Türkiye örneğinde olduğu gibi yapısal reformlara ihtiyaç duyulduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda geliştirilen öneriler; müfredatın piyasa talepleriyle hizalanmasını, eğitim kurumları ve işletmeler arasındaki iş birliğinin yasal düzenlemelerle zorunlu kılınmasını ve öğrencilere girişimcilik odaklı bir zihniyet kazandırılmasını içermektedir.

Keywords

• İşsizlik
• Meslek Liseleri
• Yetenek Uyuşmazlığı
• Endonezya İşgücü Piyasası

Link and Match Problem of Vocational School Students on Unemployment Issues: A Comparative Study on Indonesia and Türkiye

Abstract

Indonesia faces significant challenges with unemployment due to its vast land area and large population, posing a threat to economic stability. Addressing the "Link and Match" problem, this research employs a qualitative approach to analyze unemployment among Indonesian vocational school graduates and includes a comparative study of Türkiye's educational system. The methodology utilized is a descriptive case study. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 25 alumni from various generations across five Indonesian provinces. The findings reveal that graduates encounter significant skill mismatches and that the current educational infrastructure is insufficient to meet industrial needs. The study concludes that while vocational education is pivotal for reducing unemployment, its effectiveness is hindered by a disconnect between curriculum and labor market demands, a challenge also observed in the Turkish context. Consequently, the research recommends designing curricula that align with market demands, enforcing regulations for collaboration between educational institutions and businesses, and fostering an entrepreneurial mindset among youth to mitigate future unemployment.

Keywords

• Unemployment
• Vocational High School
• Skill Mismatch
• Indonesia Labor Market

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