Research Article

Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views

Volume: 10 Number: 1 March 26, 2026
EN TR

Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views

Abstract

The global economy exhibits profound disparities in wealth and development across regions, resulting not only in substantial income inequalities between nations but also in widespread unequal opportunities among individuals and social groups. This article provides a comparative analysis of the perspectives of John Rawls and Israel M. Kirzner, two influential thinkers representing distinct economic philosophies, regarding justice, inequality, and the market economy. Rawls defends an egalitarian social model, asserting that the state bears the responsibility to ensure justice and mitigate inequality through redistributive mechanisms. In contrast, Kirzner emphasizes market dynamics and the role of entrepreneurship, arguing that inequality should be evaluated primarily in terms of its impact on productive activities and entrepreneurial discovery. For Kirzner, inequality becomes problematic only when it obstructs market processes and inhibits entrepreneurial initiative. This study elucidates the fundamental divergences between Rawls’s and Kirzner’s views on social justice, exploring how each conceptualizes and responds to inequality within the framework of a market economy. By juxtaposing these frameworks, the article not only clarifies a central tension in political economy but also proposes that their integration is essential for addressing the structural and dynamic drivers of inequality in today's globalized economy.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, E. (1993). Value in Ethics and Economics. Harvard University Press.
  2. Arrow, K. J. & Scitovsky, T., (1969). Readings in Welfare Economics (American Economic Association S.), London, Allen & Unwin.
  3. Bruni, L. & Sugden, R. (2013). Reclaiming Virtue Ethics for Economics, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(4), 141-163.
  4. Burczak, T. (2002). A Critique of Kirzner’s Finders-Keepers Defense of Profit, The Review of Austrian Economics, 15(1), 75-90.
  5. Candela, R. (2023). Israel M. Kirzner and the Entrepreneurial Market Process & An Appreciation, The Independent Review, 28(2), 1-12.
  6. DiQuattro, A. (1986). Rawls versus Hayek, Political Theory, 14(2), 307-310.
  7. Douhan, R., G. Eliasson & M. Henrekson (2007). Israel M. Kirzner: An Outstanding Austrian Contributor to the Economics of Entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, 29(1/2), 213-223.
  8. Ege, R. (2011). John Rawls’un Düşünsel Serüveninin İktisat İçin Önemi, E. Eren ve M. Sarfati (Der.), İktisatta Yeni Yaklaşımlar içinde (163-196), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Political Economy

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 26, 2026

Submission Date

October 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 9, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

APA
Gökçay, K., & Levent, A. (2026). Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 10(1), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1807253
AMA
1.Gökçay K, Levent A. Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2026;10(1):89-102. doi:10.30586/pek.1807253
Chicago
Gökçay, Kemal, and Adem Levent. 2026. “Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 10 (1): 89-102. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1807253.
EndNote
Gökçay K, Levent A (March 1, 2026) Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 10 1 89–102.
IEEE
[1]K. Gökçay and A. Levent, “Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views”, Politik Ekonomik Kuram, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 89–102, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.30586/pek.1807253.
ISNAD
Gökçay, Kemal - Levent, Adem. “Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 10/1 (March 1, 2026): 89-102. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1807253.
JAMA
1.Gökçay K, Levent A. Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2026;10:89–102.
MLA
Gökçay, Kemal, and Adem Levent. “Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 89-102, doi:10.30586/pek.1807253.
Vancouver
1.Kemal Gökçay, Adem Levent. Social Justice or Entrepreneurial Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of Rawls’ and Kirzner’s Views. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2026 Mar. 1;10(1):89-102. doi:10.30586/pek.1807253

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