Research Article
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What Triggers Teacher Research Engagement and Sustainability in a Higher Education Context in Turkey?

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 325 - 342, 01.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.43.9.2

Abstract

Despite its increasing popularity as a continuous professional development tool in ELT contexts, why teacher research remains as a minority activity and whether or how its impacts persist over time still require detailed exploration. In this mixed-methods case study of university instructors in Turkey, we address the questions of teacher research engagement and sustainability of its impacts. The study started with a relatively larger group (n=33), and then gradually narrowed into three sub-groups to gain an in-depth understanding of the case. Two questionnaires consisting of closed and open-ended questions and interviews carried out with semi-structured forms have been used as data collection tools. The qualitative data have been analyzed by content analysis, while frequency analysis has been carried out for the quantitative data. Findings reveal that expert support and colleagues with research experience trigger teacher research engagement, whereas limitations in institutional support and instructors’ awareness of teacher research and economic matters contribute to the most prevalent barrier to teacher research viz. lack of time. Moreover, instructors feel more motivated and confident, research-oriented four years after their teacher research projects. We argue that positive experience with context-related research projects and dissemination of research results in various forms facilitate the sustainability of those impacts and efforts to engage in new projects, while constraints in time and institutional support hinder these

Thanks

Dear Editor, We are enclosing a submission to the Participatory Educational Research (PER) entitled, “What Triggers Teacher Research Engagement and Sustainability in a Higher Education Context in Turkey? The manuscript has original data and includes seven tables. It is not previously published and not under concurrent consideration. Please let me know if you have any questions regarding the procedure for submission. Sincerely, Nilay T. Bümen, PhD (Corresponding author) Professor Ege University Faculty of Education Educational Sciences Department Bornova Campus, 35040 Izmir, Turkey

References

  • Ado, K. (2013). Action Research: Professional development to help, support and retain early career teachers. Educational Action Research, 21(2), 131-146.
  • Akyazı, K.H. (2016). Exploring the impact of teacher research as a form of teacher professional development: A collective case study (Unpublished master thesis). Bahçeşehir University.
  • Allwright, D. (1997). Quality and sustainability in teacher research. TESOL Quarterly, 31(2), 368-370.
  • Atay, D. (2008). Teacher research for professional development. ELT Journal, 62(2), 139-147.
  • Banegas, D., Pavese, A., Velázquez, A., & Vélez, S. (2013). Teacher professional development through collaborative action research: Impact on foreign English‐language teaching and learning. Educational Action Research, 21(2), 185– 201.
  • Borg, S. (2006). Conditions for teacher research. English Teaching Forum, 44(4), 22-27.
  • Borg, S. (2007). Research engagement in English language teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23, 731-747.
  • Borg, S. (2009). English language teachers’ conceptions of research. Applied Linguistics, 30(3), 358-388.
  • Borg, S. (2010). Language teacher research engagement. Language Teaching,43(4), 391-429.
  • Borg, S. (2015a). Beyond workshop: CPD for English language teachers. In Borg, S.(Ed.), Professional development for English language teachers: perspectives from higher education in Turkey (pp.7-13). Ankara: British Council.
  • Borg, S. (2015b). Facilitating teacher research: course design, implementation, and evaluation. In Garton, S. & Richards, K.(Ed.) International Perspectives on Teacher Research (pp. 98-112). doi:10. 1057/9781137376220
  • Borg, S. & Sanchez, H.S. (2015). Key issues in doing and supporting language teacher research. In Garton, S. & Richards, K.(Eds.) International Perspectives on Teacher Research, (pp. 1-13). doi:10. 1057/9781137376220
  • British Council. (2015). The state of English in higher education in Turkey: A baseline study. Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı & British Council. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.org.tr/sites/default/files/he_baseline_study_book_web_-_son.pdf.
  • Burns, A. & Edwards, E. (2014). Introducing innovation through action research in an Australian national program: experiences and insights. In Hayes, D(Ed.), Innovations in the continuing professional development of teachers (pp.65-86).London: British Council.
  • Bümen, N.T., Ateş, A., Çakar, E., Ural, G. & Acar, V. (2012). Türkiye bağlamında öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimi: Sorunlar ve öneriler. [Teachers’ professional development in Turkish context: Issues and suggestions] Milli Eğitim. 194, 31-49.
  • Cabaroğlu, N. (2014). Professional development through action research: Impact on self-efficacy.System, 44, 79-88.
  • Çelik, S., Bayraktar-Çepni, S., İlyas, H. (2013). The need for ongoing professional development: perspectives of Turkish university-level EFL instructors. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70,1860-1871.
  • Creswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
  • Cochran-Smith, M. & Lytle, S.L. (1993). Inside/outside: Teacher research and knowledge. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Dikilitaş, K. (2016). Teacher research as a catalyst for school development. In K. Dikilitaş, M. Wyatt, J. Hanks & D. Bullock (Eds)Teachers engaging in research (pp.31-46). Kent: IETEFL ReSIG.
  • Dikilitaş, K., Smith, R., Trotman, W. (Ed.) (2015). Teacher-researchers in action. Faversham, Kent: IATEFL
  • Dikilitaş, K, Wyatt, M., Hanks, J. & Bullock, D. (Ed.) (2016). Teachers engaging in research. UK:IETEFL.
  • Edwards, E. (2016). The impact of action research on teachers’ continuous professional development. ELT Research, 31, 3-6.
  • Edwards, E & Burns, A. (2016). Language teacher action research: Achieving sustainability. ELT Journal, 70(1), 6-15.
  • Eryılmaz, R. & Dikilitaş, K. (2016). English language teacher’s research reticence: A collective case study. Tömer, 16(7), 15-29.
  • Fullan, M. (2006). The future of educational change: System thinkers in action. Journal of Educational Change, 7, 113-122.doi:10.1007/s10833-006-9003-9.
  • Gao, X., & Chow, A.W.K. (2012). Primary school English teachers’ research engagement. English Language Teaching Journal, 66, 224–232.doi:10.1093/elt/ ccr046
  • Guskey, T.R. (2000). Evaluating professional development. California: Corwin Press.
  • Hahs-Vaughn, D.L. & Yanowitz, K.L. (2009). Who is conducting teacher research? The Journal of Educational Research, 102(6), 415-426.doi:10.3200/ JOER.102.6.415-426
  • Kayaoğlu, M.N. (2015). Teacher researchers in action research in a heavily centralized education system, Educational Action Research, 23(2),140-161. doi:10.1080/ 09650792.2014.997260
  • Kennedy, A. (2014). Understanding continuing professional development: the need for theory to impact on policy and practice. Professional Development in Education.doi:40. 688-697. 10.1080/19415257.2014.955122.
  • Kutlay, N. (2013). A survey of English language teachers’ views of research. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences.70, 188 – 206.
  • Niemi, H. & Nevgi, A. (2014). Research studies and active learning promoting professional competences in Finnish teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education. 43, 131-142. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2014.07.006
  • Patton, M.Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health Sciences Research, 34,1189–1208.
  • Rebolledo, P. (2013). Exploring action research on a professional development course in Chile. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Leeds, UK. Retrieved from http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5777/1/ThesisPaula%20Rebolledo.pdf
  • Seider, S.N & Lemma, P. (2004). Perceived effects of action research on teachers' professional efficacy, inquiry mindsets and the support they received while conducting projects to intervene into student learning, Educational Action Research,12(2), 219-238.
  • Senese, J. C. (2000). What are the conditions that sustain teacher research? Proceeding in the American Education Research Association meeting in New Orleans, USA. Retrieved from http://resources.educ. queensu.ca/ar/aera2000/senese.pdf
  • Smith, R., Connelly, T., & Rebolledo, P. (2014). Teacher-research as continuing professional development: A project with Chilean secondary school teachers. In D. Hayes (Ed.), Innovations in the continuing professional development of teachers (pp.111-128). London: British Council. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309616560
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Trotman, W. (2015). Researching the researchers: A case study of perceptions and reflections of teacher researchers in a higher education context in Turkey. In K. Dikilitaş, R. Smith, Trotman, W.(Eds.) Teacher-researchers in Action (pp. 419-429). Kent: IETEFL.
  • Wang, Q. & Zhang, H. (2014). Promoting teacher autonomy through university-school collaborative action research. Language Teaching Research, 18(2), 222-241.
  • Wyatt, M. & Dikilitaş, K. (2015). English language teachers becoming more efficacious through research engagement at their Turkish university. Educational Action Research, 24(4), 550-570.doi:10.1080/09650792.2015.1076731.
  • Yuan R. & Lee, I. (2014). Action research facilitated by university–school collaboration. ELT Journal, 69(1), 1-10.doi:10.1093/elt/ccu031
  • Yuan, R., Sun, P. & Teng, L. (2016). Understanding language teachers’ motivations towards research. TESOL Quarterly, 50(1), 220-234.doi:10.1002/tesq.279
Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 325 - 342, 01.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.43.9.2

Abstract

References

  • Ado, K. (2013). Action Research: Professional development to help, support and retain early career teachers. Educational Action Research, 21(2), 131-146.
  • Akyazı, K.H. (2016). Exploring the impact of teacher research as a form of teacher professional development: A collective case study (Unpublished master thesis). Bahçeşehir University.
  • Allwright, D. (1997). Quality and sustainability in teacher research. TESOL Quarterly, 31(2), 368-370.
  • Atay, D. (2008). Teacher research for professional development. ELT Journal, 62(2), 139-147.
  • Banegas, D., Pavese, A., Velázquez, A., & Vélez, S. (2013). Teacher professional development through collaborative action research: Impact on foreign English‐language teaching and learning. Educational Action Research, 21(2), 185– 201.
  • Borg, S. (2006). Conditions for teacher research. English Teaching Forum, 44(4), 22-27.
  • Borg, S. (2007). Research engagement in English language teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23, 731-747.
  • Borg, S. (2009). English language teachers’ conceptions of research. Applied Linguistics, 30(3), 358-388.
  • Borg, S. (2010). Language teacher research engagement. Language Teaching,43(4), 391-429.
  • Borg, S. (2015a). Beyond workshop: CPD for English language teachers. In Borg, S.(Ed.), Professional development for English language teachers: perspectives from higher education in Turkey (pp.7-13). Ankara: British Council.
  • Borg, S. (2015b). Facilitating teacher research: course design, implementation, and evaluation. In Garton, S. & Richards, K.(Ed.) International Perspectives on Teacher Research (pp. 98-112). doi:10. 1057/9781137376220
  • Borg, S. & Sanchez, H.S. (2015). Key issues in doing and supporting language teacher research. In Garton, S. & Richards, K.(Eds.) International Perspectives on Teacher Research, (pp. 1-13). doi:10. 1057/9781137376220
  • British Council. (2015). The state of English in higher education in Turkey: A baseline study. Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı & British Council. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.org.tr/sites/default/files/he_baseline_study_book_web_-_son.pdf.
  • Burns, A. & Edwards, E. (2014). Introducing innovation through action research in an Australian national program: experiences and insights. In Hayes, D(Ed.), Innovations in the continuing professional development of teachers (pp.65-86).London: British Council.
  • Bümen, N.T., Ateş, A., Çakar, E., Ural, G. & Acar, V. (2012). Türkiye bağlamında öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimi: Sorunlar ve öneriler. [Teachers’ professional development in Turkish context: Issues and suggestions] Milli Eğitim. 194, 31-49.
  • Cabaroğlu, N. (2014). Professional development through action research: Impact on self-efficacy.System, 44, 79-88.
  • Çelik, S., Bayraktar-Çepni, S., İlyas, H. (2013). The need for ongoing professional development: perspectives of Turkish university-level EFL instructors. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70,1860-1871.
  • Creswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
  • Cochran-Smith, M. & Lytle, S.L. (1993). Inside/outside: Teacher research and knowledge. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Dikilitaş, K. (2016). Teacher research as a catalyst for school development. In K. Dikilitaş, M. Wyatt, J. Hanks & D. Bullock (Eds)Teachers engaging in research (pp.31-46). Kent: IETEFL ReSIG.
  • Dikilitaş, K., Smith, R., Trotman, W. (Ed.) (2015). Teacher-researchers in action. Faversham, Kent: IATEFL
  • Dikilitaş, K, Wyatt, M., Hanks, J. & Bullock, D. (Ed.) (2016). Teachers engaging in research. UK:IETEFL.
  • Edwards, E. (2016). The impact of action research on teachers’ continuous professional development. ELT Research, 31, 3-6.
  • Edwards, E & Burns, A. (2016). Language teacher action research: Achieving sustainability. ELT Journal, 70(1), 6-15.
  • Eryılmaz, R. & Dikilitaş, K. (2016). English language teacher’s research reticence: A collective case study. Tömer, 16(7), 15-29.
  • Fullan, M. (2006). The future of educational change: System thinkers in action. Journal of Educational Change, 7, 113-122.doi:10.1007/s10833-006-9003-9.
  • Gao, X., & Chow, A.W.K. (2012). Primary school English teachers’ research engagement. English Language Teaching Journal, 66, 224–232.doi:10.1093/elt/ ccr046
  • Guskey, T.R. (2000). Evaluating professional development. California: Corwin Press.
  • Hahs-Vaughn, D.L. & Yanowitz, K.L. (2009). Who is conducting teacher research? The Journal of Educational Research, 102(6), 415-426.doi:10.3200/ JOER.102.6.415-426
  • Kayaoğlu, M.N. (2015). Teacher researchers in action research in a heavily centralized education system, Educational Action Research, 23(2),140-161. doi:10.1080/ 09650792.2014.997260
  • Kennedy, A. (2014). Understanding continuing professional development: the need for theory to impact on policy and practice. Professional Development in Education.doi:40. 688-697. 10.1080/19415257.2014.955122.
  • Kutlay, N. (2013). A survey of English language teachers’ views of research. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences.70, 188 – 206.
  • Niemi, H. & Nevgi, A. (2014). Research studies and active learning promoting professional competences in Finnish teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education. 43, 131-142. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2014.07.006
  • Patton, M.Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health Sciences Research, 34,1189–1208.
  • Rebolledo, P. (2013). Exploring action research on a professional development course in Chile. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Leeds, UK. Retrieved from http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5777/1/ThesisPaula%20Rebolledo.pdf
  • Seider, S.N & Lemma, P. (2004). Perceived effects of action research on teachers' professional efficacy, inquiry mindsets and the support they received while conducting projects to intervene into student learning, Educational Action Research,12(2), 219-238.
  • Senese, J. C. (2000). What are the conditions that sustain teacher research? Proceeding in the American Education Research Association meeting in New Orleans, USA. Retrieved from http://resources.educ. queensu.ca/ar/aera2000/senese.pdf
  • Smith, R., Connelly, T., & Rebolledo, P. (2014). Teacher-research as continuing professional development: A project with Chilean secondary school teachers. In D. Hayes (Ed.), Innovations in the continuing professional development of teachers (pp.111-128). London: British Council. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309616560
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Trotman, W. (2015). Researching the researchers: A case study of perceptions and reflections of teacher researchers in a higher education context in Turkey. In K. Dikilitaş, R. Smith, Trotman, W.(Eds.) Teacher-researchers in Action (pp. 419-429). Kent: IETEFL.
  • Wang, Q. & Zhang, H. (2014). Promoting teacher autonomy through university-school collaborative action research. Language Teaching Research, 18(2), 222-241.
  • Wyatt, M. & Dikilitaş, K. (2015). English language teachers becoming more efficacious through research engagement at their Turkish university. Educational Action Research, 24(4), 550-570.doi:10.1080/09650792.2015.1076731.
  • Yuan R. & Lee, I. (2014). Action research facilitated by university–school collaboration. ELT Journal, 69(1), 1-10.doi:10.1093/elt/ccu031
  • Yuan, R., Sun, P. & Teng, L. (2016). Understanding language teachers’ motivations towards research. TESOL Quarterly, 50(1), 220-234.doi:10.1002/tesq.279
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Vildan Sakarkaya This is me 0000-0003-0572-5388

Nilay Bumen 0000-0003-1891-6589

Publication Date March 1, 2022
Acceptance Date July 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sakarkaya, V., & Bumen, N. (2022). What Triggers Teacher Research Engagement and Sustainability in a Higher Education Context in Turkey?. Participatory Educational Research, 9(2), 325-342. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.43.9.2