Using Sulphur Concrete on Defense Buildings
Year 2022,
, 9 - 17, 01.03.2022
İlker Bekir Topçu
,
Muhammed Emre Danış
Abstract
Sulphur concrete (SC) is a concrete type without water and cement in the concrete mix. It becomes binder by heating sulphur up to 114 oC. Sulphur combines with aggregate to reach high strengths. Flexural and splitting tensile strength is higher than cement reinforced concrete. It gets 80% of its strength in 24 hours and is ready to use in a short time. Also, it has very high resistance against aggressive environments. The porosity rate is partially low. SC can provide resistance to radiation with low thickness. Also, it is very easy to provide. Besides mineral deposits, it can be produced as waste in oil and natural gas production. It has resistance of fire. This concrete can be repaired locally against damage and deformations. According to studies, it provides its strength before damage. Using SC in military or critical buildings will reduce the damage to the building. Making shelters from SC at the operation site will be more resistant in a shorter time. This article will describe the use of SC in the field of defense. In addition, compressive test results is given at the performed with SC sample.
References
- [1] Topçu, İ.B., Işıkdağ, B., “An Overview on the Properties of Sulphurous Concrete”. 3. Intern. Conf. on Civil and Environmental Engineering (ICOCEE), Çeşme İzmir, 449-452, (2018).
- [2] Tunç, G, Demirtürk, D, “Waterless concrete and Reality of Turkey”, Ready Mixed Concrete Journal, 69-82, (2016).
- [3] Mohammed, S, Poornima, V., Strength and Durability study of Sulphur Concrete with Replaced fine aggregate, Materials Today(IConAMMA), 23888–23897, (2018).
- [4] McBee, C.W., Weber, H.H., “Sulphur Polymer Cement Concrete”, Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Department of Energy Low-Level Waste Management Conference(CONF-9008), Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, 120-141, (1990).
- [5] Mohamed, A.M., Gamal, M.M., “Sulphur Concrete for the Construction Industry”, Sulphur Concrete for the Construction Industry, J. Ross Publishing, (2010).
- [6] Yue, L, Caiyun, J., Yunping, X., “The Properties of Sulphur Concrete”, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 21:129-133, (2006).
- [7] Toutanji, H., Tucker. D., Ethridge. E., New Fiber Reinforced Waterless Concrete for Extraterrestrial Structural Applications, 12. International Conference on Composites/Nano Engineering, Tenerife, Canary Islands; Spain (2005).
- [8] Mattus, C.H., Mattus, A.J., “Evaluation of Sulphur polymer cement as a waste form for the immobilization of low-level radioactive or mixed waste”, Chemical Technology Division, (1994).
- [9] Darnell, G.R., Aldrich, W.C., Logan, J.A., “Full-scale Tests of Sulphur Polymer Cement and Non-Radioactive Waste in Heated and Unheated Prototypical Containers”, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory EG&G, Idaho Falls, Idaho, (1992).
- [10] Bretz, T. E., “Properties of Sulphur Concrete”, Air Force Institute of Technology(ATC), 79, (1979).
- [11] Loov, R.E., Vroom, A.H., Ward, M.A. “Sulphur Concrete - A New Construction Material”, Journal of the Prestressed Concrete Institute, 86-95, (1974).
- [12] Gracia, V., Vàzquez, E., Carmona S., “Utilization of by-produced Sulphur for the manufacture of unmodified Sulphur concrete”. Int. RILEM Conference on the Use of Recycled Materials in Building and Structures, 054-1063, (2004).
- [13] Anyszka, R., Bieliński, D.M., Siciński M., Imiela M., Szajerski P., Pawlica J., Walendziak R., “Sulphurous Concrete–Promising Material for Space-Structures Building”, Nasa NTRS, (2016).
- [14] Vlahović, M.M., Martinovic, S., Tatjana, T.D, Husovic, V., “Durability of Sulphurous concrete in various aggressive environments”, Construction and Building Materials, 25(10):3926-3934, (2011) .
- [15] Omar, H.A., “Production of Lunar Concrete Using Molten Sulphurous”, Final Research Report for JoVe NASA Grant, 278, (1993).
- [16] Rizwan, N., Jesuraj, D.M., Vipin, V.P., Anbuvel, V.V., Prabhakaran, S., “Feasibility and application of sulphur in concrete structures”, International J. of Engineering Research and Technology, 3: 2278-2281, (2014).
- [17] Russ, Q., “Global Fertilizer Outlook – 4”, Global Sulfur Market Well Balanced, (2019).
- [18] “Sulfur Statistics and Information”, Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, National Minerals Information Center, (2020).
- [19] Toutanji, H.A., Evans, S., Grugel, R.N., “Performance of Waterless Concrete”, 13th International Congress on Polymers in Concrete, Structural Faults and Repair, Edinburgh, Scotland; United Kingdom (2010).
- [20] Dehestani, M., Teimortashlu, E., Molaei, M., Ghomian, M., Firoozi, S., Aghili, S., “Experimental data on compressive strength and durability of sulphurous concrete modified by styrene and bitumen”, Data in Brief, 13:137-144. (2017).
- [21] Yue, L., Caiyun, J., Yunping, X., “The Properties of Sulphur Rubber Concrete”, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology - Mater. Sci. Ed., 21:129-133 (2006).
- [22] Mendis, P., Gupta, A., Ramsay, J., “Blast loading and blast effects on structures”, E-journal of Science and Engineering, 76-91, (2007).
- [23] Önalan, F., “Investigation of Dynamic Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Exposed by Explosion Load by Numerical Methods”, Master's Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, (2019).
- [24] Koccaz, Z., Sütçü, F., Torunbalcı, N., “Architectural and Structural Design for Blast Resistant Buildings”, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, China. (2008).
- [25] Yusof, M.A., Rosdi, R.N., Nor, N.M., Ismail, A., Yahya, M.A., Peng, N.C., “Simulation of Reinforced Concrete Blast Wall Subjected to Air Blast Loading”, Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 4:522-533, (2014).
- [26] Yalçıner, H., “Structural Response to Blast Loading: The Effects of Corrosion on Reinforced Concrete Structures”, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Shock and Vibration, (2014).
- [27] Building Better Healthcare-First flight lands at life-saving new helipad, https://www.buildingbetterhealthcare.com/news/article_page/First_flight_lands_at_lifesaving_new_helipad/143942 (2018).
- [28] McGrath, C., Getty Images, iptc.org/ (2017).
Using Sulphur Concrete on Defense Buildings
Year 2022,
, 9 - 17, 01.03.2022
İlker Bekir Topçu
,
Muhammed Emre Danış
Abstract
Sulphur concrete (SC) is a concrete type without water and cement in the concrete mix. It becomes binder by heating sulphur up to 114 oC. Sulphur combines with aggregate to reach high strengths. Flexural and splitting tensile strength is higher than cement reinforced concrete. It gets 80% of its strength in 24 hours and is ready to use in a short time. Also, it has very high resistance against aggressive environments. The porosity rate is partially low. SC can provide resistance to radiation with low thickness. Also, it is very easy to provide. Besides mineral deposits, it can be produced as waste in oil and natural gas production. It has resistance of fire. This concrete can be repaired locally against damage and deformations. According to studies, it provides its strength before damage. Using SC in military or critical buildings will reduce the damage to the building. Making shelters from SC at the operation site will be more resistant in a shorter time. This article will describe the use of SC in the field of defense. In addition, compressive test results is given at the performed with SC sample.
References
- [1] Topçu, İ.B., Işıkdağ, B., “An Overview on the Properties of Sulphurous Concrete”. 3. Intern. Conf. on Civil and Environmental Engineering (ICOCEE), Çeşme İzmir, 449-452, (2018).
- [2] Tunç, G, Demirtürk, D, “Waterless concrete and Reality of Turkey”, Ready Mixed Concrete Journal, 69-82, (2016).
- [3] Mohammed, S, Poornima, V., Strength and Durability study of Sulphur Concrete with Replaced fine aggregate, Materials Today(IConAMMA), 23888–23897, (2018).
- [4] McBee, C.W., Weber, H.H., “Sulphur Polymer Cement Concrete”, Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Department of Energy Low-Level Waste Management Conference(CONF-9008), Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, 120-141, (1990).
- [5] Mohamed, A.M., Gamal, M.M., “Sulphur Concrete for the Construction Industry”, Sulphur Concrete for the Construction Industry, J. Ross Publishing, (2010).
- [6] Yue, L, Caiyun, J., Yunping, X., “The Properties of Sulphur Concrete”, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 21:129-133, (2006).
- [7] Toutanji, H., Tucker. D., Ethridge. E., New Fiber Reinforced Waterless Concrete for Extraterrestrial Structural Applications, 12. International Conference on Composites/Nano Engineering, Tenerife, Canary Islands; Spain (2005).
- [8] Mattus, C.H., Mattus, A.J., “Evaluation of Sulphur polymer cement as a waste form for the immobilization of low-level radioactive or mixed waste”, Chemical Technology Division, (1994).
- [9] Darnell, G.R., Aldrich, W.C., Logan, J.A., “Full-scale Tests of Sulphur Polymer Cement and Non-Radioactive Waste in Heated and Unheated Prototypical Containers”, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory EG&G, Idaho Falls, Idaho, (1992).
- [10] Bretz, T. E., “Properties of Sulphur Concrete”, Air Force Institute of Technology(ATC), 79, (1979).
- [11] Loov, R.E., Vroom, A.H., Ward, M.A. “Sulphur Concrete - A New Construction Material”, Journal of the Prestressed Concrete Institute, 86-95, (1974).
- [12] Gracia, V., Vàzquez, E., Carmona S., “Utilization of by-produced Sulphur for the manufacture of unmodified Sulphur concrete”. Int. RILEM Conference on the Use of Recycled Materials in Building and Structures, 054-1063, (2004).
- [13] Anyszka, R., Bieliński, D.M., Siciński M., Imiela M., Szajerski P., Pawlica J., Walendziak R., “Sulphurous Concrete–Promising Material for Space-Structures Building”, Nasa NTRS, (2016).
- [14] Vlahović, M.M., Martinovic, S., Tatjana, T.D, Husovic, V., “Durability of Sulphurous concrete in various aggressive environments”, Construction and Building Materials, 25(10):3926-3934, (2011) .
- [15] Omar, H.A., “Production of Lunar Concrete Using Molten Sulphurous”, Final Research Report for JoVe NASA Grant, 278, (1993).
- [16] Rizwan, N., Jesuraj, D.M., Vipin, V.P., Anbuvel, V.V., Prabhakaran, S., “Feasibility and application of sulphur in concrete structures”, International J. of Engineering Research and Technology, 3: 2278-2281, (2014).
- [17] Russ, Q., “Global Fertilizer Outlook – 4”, Global Sulfur Market Well Balanced, (2019).
- [18] “Sulfur Statistics and Information”, Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, National Minerals Information Center, (2020).
- [19] Toutanji, H.A., Evans, S., Grugel, R.N., “Performance of Waterless Concrete”, 13th International Congress on Polymers in Concrete, Structural Faults and Repair, Edinburgh, Scotland; United Kingdom (2010).
- [20] Dehestani, M., Teimortashlu, E., Molaei, M., Ghomian, M., Firoozi, S., Aghili, S., “Experimental data on compressive strength and durability of sulphurous concrete modified by styrene and bitumen”, Data in Brief, 13:137-144. (2017).
- [21] Yue, L., Caiyun, J., Yunping, X., “The Properties of Sulphur Rubber Concrete”, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology - Mater. Sci. Ed., 21:129-133 (2006).
- [22] Mendis, P., Gupta, A., Ramsay, J., “Blast loading and blast effects on structures”, E-journal of Science and Engineering, 76-91, (2007).
- [23] Önalan, F., “Investigation of Dynamic Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Exposed by Explosion Load by Numerical Methods”, Master's Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, (2019).
- [24] Koccaz, Z., Sütçü, F., Torunbalcı, N., “Architectural and Structural Design for Blast Resistant Buildings”, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, China. (2008).
- [25] Yusof, M.A., Rosdi, R.N., Nor, N.M., Ismail, A., Yahya, M.A., Peng, N.C., “Simulation of Reinforced Concrete Blast Wall Subjected to Air Blast Loading”, Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 4:522-533, (2014).
- [26] Yalçıner, H., “Structural Response to Blast Loading: The Effects of Corrosion on Reinforced Concrete Structures”, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Shock and Vibration, (2014).
- [27] Building Better Healthcare-First flight lands at life-saving new helipad, https://www.buildingbetterhealthcare.com/news/article_page/First_flight_lands_at_lifesaving_new_helipad/143942 (2018).
- [28] McGrath, C., Getty Images, iptc.org/ (2017).