Analyze of Leaf Springs with Parametric Finite Element Analysis and Artificial Neural Network

Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 827 - 842, 01.06.2022

Serdinç Yavuz M. Tolga Özkan

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1074516

Abstract

Leaf spring especially used in heavy vehicles. Leaf spring provide to increase the strength of heavy vehicles chassis and some components, absorb the shock loading due to some road condition and absorb the vibration. Because of these features, leaf springs are most used suspension element for the heavy vehicles. For this purpose, parametric rectangular cross sectional leaf spring design was obtained. For leaf spring design, FEA models of different variations were created and analyzed primarily between 1-10 layers using ANSYS software. The leaf spring layers and their dimensions were taken in varying ways according to the manufacturer's catalog. The effect of the number of leaf spring layers on element resistance and deformation was also simulated by changes in stresses. The number of layers between 1-10 and spring models of different section sizes were modeled parametrically in the ANSYS program and different variations were created by applying different load sizes. Mesh optimization of the model was performed in ANSYS software and all variations were solved. An Artificial Neural Networks Model was developed using stress-strain values depending on the design type and loading conditions obtained. Thus, depending on the number of layers, section measurement sizes and loading sizes, the spring constant (K), stress-strain values were estimated with high precision. Using the ANN model developed, the designer has put in place an approach that can be achieved quickly, easily and at a minimized design costs.

Keywords

Heavy vehicles, suspension, conventional leaf spring, artificial neural networks

Yaprak Yayların Parametrik Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi ve Yapay Sinir Ağı ile Modellenmesi

Abstract

Yaprak yaylar özellikle büyük yüklemeler altında, yükler karşısında oluşan titreşimleri minimize etmek için kullanılırlar. Özellikle ağır vasıta araçlarda yüklemelerden dolayı ağır vasıta aracın; gelen yüklemeler karşısındaki dayanımını ve titreşimi azaltmak için en fazla kullanılan makine elemanlarıdır. Bu amaçla parametrik olarak dikdörtgen kesitli yaprak tasarımı yapılmıştır. Yaprak yay tasarımı için öncelikle yay katman sayısı 1-10 katman arasında ve boyutları üretici firma kataloğuna göre değişken biçimde alınarak farklı varyasyonların FEA modelleri oluşturulmuş ve analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yaprak yay katman sayısının eleman direngenliğine ve deformasyonuna etkisi bunun yanında gerilmelerdeki değişimler simülasyon edilmiştir. 1-10 arasındaki katman sayısı ve farklı kesit ölçülerindeki yay modelleri ANSYS ortamında parametrik olarak modellenmiş ve farklı yük büyükleri uygulanarak değişik varyasyonlar oluşturulmuştur. ANSYS yazılımında modelin mesh optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş ve tüm varyasyonlar çözdürülmüştür. Elde edilen tasarım tipi ve yükleme şartlarına bağlı gerilme- gerinim değerleri kullanılarak bir Yapay Sinir Ağı Modeli geliştirilmiştir. Böylelikle katman sayısı, kesit ölçü büyüklükleri ve yükleme büyüklüklerine bağlı olarak yay sabiti (k), gerilme-gerinim değerleri yüksek hassasiyetle tahmin edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Tasarımcı, geliştirilen YSA modelini kullanarak Yay tasarımı hızlı, kolay ve minimum maliyetle elde edebileceği bir yaklaşım konulmuştur. 

Keywords

Ağır vasıta araçları, süspansiyon, konvansiyonel yaprak yay, yapay sinir ağları

References

• [1] Gowd G.H. and Goud E.V., “statıc analysıs of leaf sprıng”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 4(8): 3794-3803, (2012).
• [2] Sunar Ö. ve Çevik M., “Tek katlı yaprak yaylarda sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile yorulma analizi”, C.B.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1): 1-6, (2015).
• [3] Bhandarkar D.K. and Shekhawat S.P., “Design, analysis and optimization of leaf spring”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(6): 13658-13666, (2014).
• [4] Kelebek O., Kuralay N.S. ve Karaoğlan M.U, “Ağır taşıtlar için çok katlı konvansiyonel yaprak yay yerine tek katlı parabolik yaprak yay tasarımı ve analizi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi-Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 20 (59): 481-491, (2018).
• [5] Dubey D.N. and Mahakalkar S.G., “Stress analysis of a mono-parabolic leaf spring–a review”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 3(2): 769-772, (2013).
• [6] Reddy A.C., Sagar M.V. and Babu G.S., “Optimal design of automobile leaf spring using finite element analysis”, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 7(2): 87-94, (2012).
• [7] Venkatesan M. and Devaraj D.H., “Desıgn And Analysıs Of Composıte Leaf Sprıng In Lıght Vehıcle”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 2(1): 213-218, (2012).
• [8] Patunkar M.M. and Dolas D.R., “Modelling and analysis of composite leaf spring under the static load condition by using FEA”, International Journal of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, 1(1):1-4, (2011).
• [9] Dhoshi N.P., Ingole N.K. and Gulhane U.D., “Analysis and modification of leaf spring of tractor trailer using analytical and finite element method”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER),1(2): 719-722, (2011).
• [10] Yinhuan Z., Ka X. and Zhigao H., “Finite element analysis of composite leaf spring”, International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE),3(5): 316-319, (2011).
• [11] Kumar K. and Aggarwal M.L., “A finite element approach for analysis of a multi leaf spring using CAE tools”, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2): 92-96, (2012).
• [12] Manchanda S., Singh B. and Singh G., “Design and finite element analysis of leaf spring using different material properties”, Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR),4(7): 186-189, (2015).
• [13] Hussain J.H. and Meenakshi C.M., “Sımulatıon and analysıs of heavy vehıcles composıte leaf spring”, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 116(17): 135-141, (2017).
• [14] Kumar K. and Aggarwal M.L., “Computer aided FEA simulation of EN45A parabolic leaf spring”, International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 4(2): 297-304, (2013).
• [15] Baviskar A.C., Bhamre V.G and Sarode S.S., “Design and analysis of a leaf spring for automobile suspension system: A Review”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3(6): 406-410, (2013).
• [16] Topaç M.M. ve Bahar İ., “Bir askeri hizmet taşıtında kullanılan parabolik yaprak yayın yay karakteristiğinin doğrusal olmayan sonlu elemanlar analizi yardımıyla belirlenmesi”, Politeknik Dergisi, 22(1): 115-120, (2019).
• [17] Puspitasari A. and Puspitasari P., “Characteristics of leaf spring strength of material 65Si7 and material C17000 using finite element method”, Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Education Conferences (IMEEEC), 1-6, (2016).
• [18] Pozhilarasu V. and Pillai T.P., “Performance analysıs of steel leaf sprıng wıth composıte leaf sprıng and fabrication of composıte leaf sprıng”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Science and Technology, 2(3): 102-109, (2013).
• [19] JULIYANA S.J., PRAKASH J.U., PATURU P. and SADHANA A.D., “Finite element analysıs of mono composıte leaf sprıng of varying thickness and varying width used in automotives”, International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD), 7(6): 247-254, (2017).
• [20] Kurna S., Sharma S. and Mathur A., “Investigation of stresses and deflection in multi stage leaf spring of heavy duty vehicle by FEM and ıt’s experimental verification”, Symposium on International Automotive Technology, 1-9, (2015).
• [21] Kurmi R.S. Machine Design,14th Edition., EURASIA PUBLISHING HOUSE (PVT.) LTD.RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI-110 055, (2005).
• [22] Uzel Ticaret ve Sanayi Limited Şirketi., Yaprak Yaylar, Helisel Yaylar.
• [23] Charde R.B. and Charde D.V., “Investigation of stresses in master leaf of leaf sprıng by FEM and its experimental verification”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 4(2): 633-640, (2012).
• [24] Ozkan M.T. and Erdemir F., “Determination of stress concentration factors for shafts under tension”, Materials Testing, 62(4): 413-421, (2020).
• [25] Toktas I., Ozkan M.T., Erdemir F. and Yuksel N., “Determination of stress concentration factor (Kt) for a crankshaft under bending loading: an artificial neural networks approach”, Politeknik Dergisi, 23(3):813-819, (2020).
• [26] Ulas H.B., Ozkan M.T. and Malkoc Y., “Vibration prediction in drilling processes with HSS and carbide drill bit by means of artificial neural networks”, Neural Computing and Applications, 31:5547–5562, (2018).
• [27] Basak H., Ozkan M.T. and Toktas I., “Experimental research and ANN modelling on the impact of the ball burnishing process on the mechanical properties of 5083 Al-Mg Material”, Kovové materiály- Metallic Materials 57 (1): 61-74, (2019).
• [28] Ulas H.B., Bilgin M., Sezer H.K. and Ozkan M.T., “Performance of coated and uncoated carbide cermet cutting tools during turning”, Materials Testing, 60 (9): 893–901, (2018).
• [29] Erdemir F. and Ozkan M.T., “Determination of theoretical stress concentration factor for circular/elliptical holes with reinforcement using analytical, finite element method and artificial neural network techniques”, Neural Computing &Amp; Applications, 33(17): 1-15, (2021).
• [30] Ozkan M.T., Toktas I. and Doganay S.K., “Estimations of stress concentration factors Cw/Kts for helical circular/square cross sectional tension-compression springs and artificial neural network modelling”, Politeknik Dergisi, 23(3): 901-908, (2020).
• [31] Erdemir F. and Ozkan M.T., “Plastik parçalarda bir esneyerek kilitlenen bağlantı modelinin modal analizi”, Politeknik Dergisi, 22(4): 927-933, (2019).