Afetler Karşısında Toplum Dirençliliği

Abstract

Afetler günlük yaşamı alt üst eden, can ve mal kayıplarına yol açabilen, insan çevre arasındaki dengenin bozulmasına neden olan olaylardır. Doğal ya da teknolojik tehlike, risk ve kırılganlık ile birleştiğinde yıkıcı afetler meydana gelebilir. Son yıllarda, ekonomik, sosyolojik, çevresel ve fiziksel kırılganlıkların artmasıyla özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, afetler daha sık yaşanmaya başlamıştır. ISDR 2015 raporuna göre; dünyada afetlerden kaynaklanan maddi hasarın yıllık ortalama 314 milyar ABD dolarına ulaştığı tahmin edilmektedir. Son 10 yılda sadece meteorolojik kökenli afetlerin sayısı % 14 oranında artmıştır . Afetlerin olası etkilerini azaltmak; ancak başarılı bir afet risk yönetimi ve toplumun afetlere karşı direncinin artırılması ile mümkün olabilecektir. Toplumda afetlere karsı direnç az, zarar görebilirlilik /kırılganlık fazla ise, afet oluşumu ve afetlerin olası etkilerine maruz kalmak kaçınılmaz olur. Bu makalede afet dirençliliği kavramı irdelenmiş ve UNISDR tarafından gündeme getirilmiş olan HFA ve Sendai Eylem planları çerçevesinde, toplumda afetlere karşı direncin artırılması için yapılabilecek çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• afet risk yönetimi,Hyogo Eylem Planı,Dirençlilik,Sendai Eylem Planı

Community Resilience Against Disasters

Abstract

Disasters effects daily life and can lead loss of life and property, and destabilize the human environment. When combined with natural or technological hazard, risk and vulnerability, destructive disasters may occur. In recent years, with increasing economic, sociological, environmental and physical vulnerabilities, disasters have begun to occur more frequently, especially in developing countries. According to ISDR 2015 report; it is estimated that the property damage caused by disasters in the world reaches an average of 314 billion US dollars annually. In the last 10 years, only the number of meteorological disasters has increased by 14%. Reducing the possible effects of disasters can be possible with a successful disaster risk management and with increasing disaster resilience. If the disaster resilience is low in the society and the vulnerability is high, it is inevitable to be exposed to the disasters and its destructive effects. This article examines the concept of disaster resilience and assesses the work that can be done to increase disaster resilience in society in the framework of the HFA and Sendai Action Plans, which have been brought to the agenda by UNISDR.

Keywords

• Resilience,Disaster Risk Management,Hyogo Action Plan,Sendai Action Plan

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