Determination of Relationship between Streptomycin Sülfate Susceptibility and Their Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Profiles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Strains Isolated from Pome Fruits in East Anatolian Region

Abstract

In this study; a total of 20 Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strains, isolated from pome fruits, were tested for their susceptibilities to streptomycin sulfate. In addition; the relationship between streptomycin susceptibility of strains and their fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles was determined. According to these results, only one strain was determined to be resistant to streptomycin (5.0%). Four different FAMEs groups of tested strains were determined by using MIS system (Microbial Identification System). Difference between groups was changed from 16% to 60%. The highest rate of resistance (5%) was in second group. Difference of this group from the others was that 12:0 2OH (% 6.60), 12:0 3OH (% 5.59) and 17:0 cyclo (% 11.43) fatty acids were higher than the others. Consequently, we think that fatty acid methyl esters of bacterial strains can be used as an indicator of antibiotic resistance. But, this relationship should be also tested for more Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strains and different pathogen species.

Keywords

• Antibiotic, FAME, fatty acid, MIS, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, streptomycin sulfate

Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Yumuşak Çekirdekli Meyvelerden İzole Edilen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Strainlerinin Streptomisin Sülfata Karşı Duyarlılıkları ile Yağ Asidi Metil Esterleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; yumuşak çekirdekli meyvelerden izole edilen toplam 20 Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae straininin streptomisin sülfata karşı duyarlılıkları test edilmiş, strainlerin yağ asidi metil ester (FAME) grupları da belirlenerek patojenin yağ asitleri ve streptomisin sülfata duyarlılıkları arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre sadece 1 strainde (% 5.0) dayanıklılık tespit edilmiştir. MIS (Mikrobiyal Tanı Sistemi) kullanılarak belirlenen yağ asidi metil esterleri bakımından ise bu patojenin 4 farklı FAME grubunun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gruplar arasındaki farklılığın % 16 ile % 60 arasında değiştiği, dayanıklılık oranının ise 2. grupta en yüksek düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 12:0 2OH (% 6.60), 12:0 3OH (% 5.59) ve 17:0 cyclo (% 11.43) yağ asitleri 2. grupta diğer gruplara oranla daha yüksek oranda belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; yağ asidi metil esterlerinin bakterilerde antibiyotiklere duyarlılığın da bir göstergesi olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ancak, daha fazla Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strainlerinde ve farklı tür patojenlerde de benzer çalışmaların yapılıp sonuçların değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Antibiyotik, FAME, yağ asidi, MIS, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, streptomisin sülfat

References

1. Canfield, M.L., S. Baca and L.W. Moore. 1986. Isolation of Pseudomonas syringae from 40 Cultivars of Diseased Woody Plants with Tip Dieback in Pacific Northwest Nurseries. Plant Disease 70: 647-650.
2. Cazorla, F.M., E. Arrebola, A. Sesma, A. Perez-Garcia, J.C. Codina, J. Murillo and A. Vicente. 2002. Copper Resistance in Pseudomas syringae Strains Isolated from Mango is Encoded Mainly by Plasmid. Phytopathology 92(8): 909-916.
3. Demir, G. and M. Gündogdu. 1994. Bacterial Disease of Food Legumes in the Aegean region of Turkey and Effectivity of Some Seed Treatments Against Bean Halo Blight. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 23(2): 57-66.
4. Dunnick, J.K. and W.M. O’Leary. 1970. Correlation of Bacterial Lipid Composition with Antibiotic Resistance. Journal of Bacteriology 101(3): 892-900.
5. Duran, M., B.Z. Haznedaroglu and D.H. Zitomer. 2006. Microbial Source Tracking Using Host Spesific FAME Profiles of Fecal Coliforms. Water Research 40: 67-74.
6. Ellis, M.A. and L.V. Madden. 2000. Effectiveness of Fosetyl-Aluminum and Streptomycin Alone and in Combination for Control of Blister Spot on ‘Mutsu’ Apples in Ohio and New York. Plant Health Progress, DOI:10.1094/PHP-2000-1204-01-RS.
7. Huang, T.C. and T.J. Burr. 1999. Characterization of Plasmids that Encode Streptomycin-Resistance in Bacterial Epiphytes of Apple. Journal of Applied Microbiology 86(5): 741-751.
8. Jones, A.L. and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1991. Compedium of Apple and Pear Diseases. APS PRESS, The American Phytopathological Society 61-66.

9. Kotan, R. 2002. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Yetiştirilen Yumuşak Çekirdekli Meyve Ağaçlarından İzole Edilen Patojen ve Saprofitik Bakteriyel Organizmaların Klasik ve Moleküler Metodlar ile Tanısı ve Biyolojik Mücadele İmkânlarının Araştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma. Doktora Tezi. 217.
10. Kotan, R. and F. Sahin. 2002. First Record of Bacterial Canker by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, on Apricot Trees in Turkey. Plant Pathology 51: 798
11. Kotan. R., F. Sahin and A. Ala. 2006. Identification and Pathogenicity of Bacteria Isolated from Pome Fruits Trees in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 113 (1): 8-13.
12. Kotan, R., K. Karagöz ve F. Şahin. 2009. Yumuşak Çekirdekli Meyvelerden İzole Edilen Erwinia amylovora Strainlerin Streptomisin Sülfata Karşı Duyarlılıkları ve Yağ Asidi Metil Esterleri Profilleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi (Baskıda).
13. Lelliot, R.A. and D.E. Stead. 1987. Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants. Black Well Scientific Puplication, 157, Oxford.
14. Mansvelt, E.L. and M.J. Hattingh. 1986. Pear Blossom Blast in South Africa Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Plant Patholology 35: 337-343.
15. Miller, I. and T. Berger. 1985. Bacteria Identification by Gas Chromatography of Whole Cell Fatty Acids. Hewlett Packard Gas Chromatography Application Note, Hewlett Packard Co., Alto, CA. 228 238.
16. Nischwitz, C., R. Gitaitis, H. Sanders, D. Langston, B. Mullinix, R. Torrance, G. Boyhan and L. Zolobowska. 2007. Use of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Profiles to Compare Copper-Tolerant and Copper-Sensitive Strains of Pantoea ananatis. Phytopathology 97 (10): 1298-1304.
17. Paisley, R. 1995. MIS Whole Cell Fatty Acid Analysis by Gas Chromatography. MIDI, Inc., Newark DE 5.
18. Romantschuk, M. and D.H. Bamford. 1986. The Causal Agent of Halo Blight in Bean, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Attaches to Stomata via its Pili. Microbial Pathogenesis 1: 139-148.
19. Roy, M.A. 1988. Use of Fatty Acids for the Identification of Phytopathogenic Bacteria. Plant Disease, 72: 460.
20. Scheck, H.J. and J.W. Pscheidt. 1998. Effect of Copper Bactericides on Copper-Resistant and Sensitive Strains of Pseudomas syringae pv. syringae. Plant Disease 82(4): 397-406.
21. Scheck, H.J., J.W. Pscheidt and L.W. Moore. 1996. Copper and Streptomycin Resistance in Strains of Pseudomas syringae from Pacific Nortwest Nurseries. Plant Disease 80(9): 1034-1039.
22. Silva, V.L. and C.A. Lopes. 1995. Pseudomas syringae pv. tomato Resistant to Streptomycin and Oxytetracycline in Tomato Plants Treated or not with Agricultural Antibiotics. Fitopathologia Brasileira 20(1): 80-84.
23. Sobieczewski, P., C.S. Chiou and A.L. Jones. 1991. Streptomycin-Resistant Epiphytic Bacteria with Homologous DNA for Streptomycin Resistance in Michigan apple Orchards. Plant Disease 75: 1110-1113.
24. Spotts, R.A. and L.A. Cervates. 1995. Copper, Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin Resistance of Pseudomas syringae pv. syringae Strains from Pear Orchards in Oregon and Washington. Plant Disease 79(11): 1132-1135.
25. Stead, D.E. 1992. Grouping of Plant Pathogenic and Some Other Pseudomonas spp. by Using Cellular Fatty Acid Profiles. Int. Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 42: 281-295.
26. Sukumar, J., S.D. Padma and U.D. Bongale. 2003. Occurance of Streptomycin Resistant Pathogenic Strains of Pseudomonas mori in Mulberry Gardens of Karnataka. Agricultural Science Digest 23(2): 140-142.
27. Sundin, G.W. and C.L. Bender. 1996. Molecular Analysis of Closely Related Copper and Streptomycin Resistance Plasmids in Pseudomas syringae pv. syringae. Plasmid 35(2): 98-107.
28. Wayne M.C., S.B. Samuels and R.E. Weaver. 1972. Celluler Fatty Acid Composition of Selected Pseudomonas Species. Applied and Enviromental Microbiology 24: 596-598.
29. Wayne M.C., S.B. Samuels, J. Liddle and R.M. McKinney. 1973. Occurence of Branched-Chain Hydroxy Fatty Acid in Pseudomonas maltophilia. Journal of Bacteriology 12: 1018-1024.
30. Vanneste, J.L., G.F. McLaren, J. Yu, D.A. Conzish and R. Boyd. 2005. Copper and Streptomycin Resistance in Bacterial Strains Isolated Stone Fruits Orchards in New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection