Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Oyun Yoluyla Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklara Yönelik Farkındalıklarının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin oyun yoluyla özel gereksinimli çocuklara yönelik farkındalıklarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma katılımcılarını Kocaeli İli, İzmit İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı Şehit Ümit Balkan Ortaokulunda öğrenim gören 12 kız 12 erkek (N=24) öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış sorular kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri odak grup görüşmesi metoduyla elde edilmiştir. Her sınıf için ayrı ayrı oluşturulan altı kişilik gruplarla yüz yüze yapılan görüşmeler dört oturumda gerçekleşmiştir. Görüşmeler alınan izinler doğrultusunda ses kayıt cihazı ile kaydedilerek bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular üç ana tema altında toplanmıştır: “Empati ve Sosyal İlişkiler”, “İlişkisel Deneyimler” ve “Toplumsal Duyarlılık”. Bu temalar altında duygusal ve bilişsel empati, empati geliştirme süreçleri, akran zorbalığı, akran desteği, sosyal çevreden beklentiler ve kamu hizmetlerine yönelik beklentiler, alt temalar olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda, ortaokul öğrencilerinin özel gereksinimli bireylere yönelik tutumlarının olumlu yönde geliştiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, özel gereksinimli bireylerle ilgili empati ve farkındalık düzeylerini artırmaya yönelik eğitim programlarının geliştirilmesine duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• ortaokul öğrencileri
• Oyun
• Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklar
• Farkındalık

Examining Secondary School Students' Awareness of Children with Special Needs Through Play

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this distribution is to examine the extremes of secondary schools towards special temperature zones through play. Method: The study employed a case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. The research participants consisted of 12 female and 12 male students (N=24) enrolled at Şehit Ümit Balkan Middle School, affiliated with the İzmit District National Education Directorate in Kocaeli Province. Semi-structured questions prepared by the researchers were used as the data collection tool. The data for the study were obtained using the focus group interview method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in four sessions with groups of six students formed separately for each class. The interviews were recorded with a voice recorder in accordance with the permissions obtained and transferred to a computer environment. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The findings obtained in the study are grouped under three main themes: “Empathy and Social Relationships,” “Relational Experiences,” and “Social Sensitivity.” Under these themes, emotional and cognitive empathy, empathy development processes, peer bullying, peer support, expectations from the social environment, and expectations from public services have been identified as sub-themes. Conclusion: The research found that middle school students' attitudes toward individuals with special needs improved positively. These results highlight the need to develop educational programs aimed at increasing empathy and awareness levels regarding individuals with special needs.

Keywords

• Middle school students
• Play
• Children with Special Needs
• Awareness

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