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Ariel Dorfman’ın Maskara Romanında Yüz ve Kimliğe Lacancı Bir Bakış

Year 2022, Issue: 47, 59 - 74, 15.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1128334

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Ariel Dorfman’ın Maskara isimli romanında doğuştan yüz bozukluğu olan isimsiz anlatıcı, Jacques Lacan’ın özne oluşumuna dair geliştirdiği önemli fikirler aracılığıyla incelenmektedir. Lacan, kişinin özne olma sürecine ve bu öznenin toplumsal yapılar dahilinde aldığı özne konumlarına dair kapsamlı bir içerik sunar. Öznenin toplumsal normlara uyma eğilimi kendi varoluşsal eksikliğine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan amansız bir “arzu” ile yakından ilişkilidir. Maskara romanının başkahramanı gibi alışılmamış bir yüze sahip birey için bu varoluşsal eksikliğe bağlı yük iki katına çıkar, çünkü özne hem varoluşsal bakımdan hem de kişiye bir kimlik atfetmekte en belirleyici role sahip olan yüz bakımından eksiktir. Olmayan yüz hatlarından dolayı, Dorfman’ın romanındaki isimsiz anlatıcı, Öteki olan geniş toplum tarafından daha değersiz görülen bir statüye uygun görülmüştür. Dışlanmış konumunun oldukça farkında olan anlatıcı, birinin sevgisi yoluyla görünür ve sıradan olabileceğine inanmaktadır. Bir kadın tarafından tanınma “arzusu” hayatına mâl olmasına rağmen ne ölümü ne de olmayan yüzü Maskara’daki isimsiz anlatıcıyı talep ettiği şey olan hatırlanmayı elde etmesinden alıkoymaz. Bu makale, Lacancı bir bakış açısı üzerinden, sıradışı yüz hatlarına sahip bireylerin damgalanarak daha değersiz görülen bir sosyal kategoriyle ilişkilendirilmesinin, “ideal” ve “standarta” dönüştürülen bir takım toplumsal beklentilerden kaynaklandığını savunur.

References

  • Atwan, Robert. (1988, 11 Dec.). “He with No Face, She with No Past.” The New York Times, 11 Dec. 1988.<https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/06/books/he-with-no-face-shewith-nopast.html>. Retrieved on 18 March 2017.
  • Davis, L. J. (2013). “Introduction: Normality, Power, and Culture.” The Disability Studies Reader (4th ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Dorfman, A. & Incledon, J. (1991). Liberating the Reader: A Conversation with Ariel Dorfman. Chasqui 20 (1), 95–107. doi.org/10.2307/29740330.
  • Dorfman, A. (1988). Mascara. Toronto: Seven Stories Press.
  • Evans, D. (1996). An introductory dictionary of Lacanian psychoanalysis. London: Routledge.
  • Fink, B. (1995). The Lacanian subject: Between language and Jouissance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.
  • Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
  • Goffman, E. (1967a). Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Anchor/Doubleday.
  • Hook, D. (2007). Lacan, the Meaning of the Phallus and the ‘Sexed’ Subject [Online]. LSE Research, 60-84. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/ 960/1/Lacanthemeaning.pdf.
  • Lacan, J. (2002). Écrits. (B. Fink, Trans.). New York: W. W. Norton
  • McClennen, S. (2010). Ariel Dorfman: An aesthetic of hope. Durham: Duke UP.
  • Moncayo, R. (2012). The emptiness of Oedipus: Identification and non-identification in Lacanian psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge.
  • Robson, D. (2015, July 8). “Is Face-ism Spoiling Your Life?” BBC, Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150707-is-faceism-spoiling-your-life.
  • Synnott, A. (1989). Truth and Goodness, Mirrors and Masks—Part I: A Sociology of Beauty and the Face. The British Journal of Sociology, 40 (4), 607-636. doi.org/10.2307/590891.
  • Talley, H. L. (2014). Saving face: Disfigurement and the politics of appearance. New York: New York UP.

A Lacanian Perspective on Face and Identity in Ariel Dorfman’s Mascara

Year 2022, Issue: 47, 59 - 74, 15.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1128334

Abstract

In this study, the unnamed narrator of Ariel Dorfman’s Mascara, who has a congenital facial peculiarity, is examined through Jacques Lacan’s critical ideas on the formation of the subject. Lacan gives an extensive account of the process of the individual’s becoming a subject and the positions this subject takes in relation to the social structures. The subject’s tendency to conform to the norms of society is closely intertwined with a continuous “desire” that arises in relation to an existential lack. For someone having an atypical appearance, just like the protagonist in Mascara, the burden on this lack is doubled because he lacks both in being and in the face, the most critical body part in an assigning identity to an individual. Due to his featureless face, the unnamed narrator in Dorfman’s novel is conferred a devalued status offered by the wider society as the Other. Highly aware of his status as an outsider, the narrator believes that it is possible for him to become visible and ordinary through someone’s love. Although his “desire” to be recognized by a woman costs him his life, neither his death nor the absence of a physical face prevents the unnamed narrator in Mascara from getting what he demands, which is remembrance. Drawing on the theoretical framework by Lacan, this article offers that the occurrence of facial stigma as a subordinate social category is due to a set of social expectations that are transformed into “ideal” and “standard.”

References

  • Atwan, Robert. (1988, 11 Dec.). “He with No Face, She with No Past.” The New York Times, 11 Dec. 1988.<https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/06/books/he-with-no-face-shewith-nopast.html>. Retrieved on 18 March 2017.
  • Davis, L. J. (2013). “Introduction: Normality, Power, and Culture.” The Disability Studies Reader (4th ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Dorfman, A. & Incledon, J. (1991). Liberating the Reader: A Conversation with Ariel Dorfman. Chasqui 20 (1), 95–107. doi.org/10.2307/29740330.
  • Dorfman, A. (1988). Mascara. Toronto: Seven Stories Press.
  • Evans, D. (1996). An introductory dictionary of Lacanian psychoanalysis. London: Routledge.
  • Fink, B. (1995). The Lacanian subject: Between language and Jouissance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.
  • Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
  • Goffman, E. (1967a). Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Anchor/Doubleday.
  • Hook, D. (2007). Lacan, the Meaning of the Phallus and the ‘Sexed’ Subject [Online]. LSE Research, 60-84. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/ 960/1/Lacanthemeaning.pdf.
  • Lacan, J. (2002). Écrits. (B. Fink, Trans.). New York: W. W. Norton
  • McClennen, S. (2010). Ariel Dorfman: An aesthetic of hope. Durham: Duke UP.
  • Moncayo, R. (2012). The emptiness of Oedipus: Identification and non-identification in Lacanian psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge.
  • Robson, D. (2015, July 8). “Is Face-ism Spoiling Your Life?” BBC, Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150707-is-faceism-spoiling-your-life.
  • Synnott, A. (1989). Truth and Goodness, Mirrors and Masks—Part I: A Sociology of Beauty and the Face. The British Journal of Sociology, 40 (4), 607-636. doi.org/10.2307/590891.
  • Talley, H. L. (2014). Saving face: Disfigurement and the politics of appearance. New York: New York UP.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Language Studies, Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Eren This is me

Publication Date June 15, 2022
Submission Date March 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 47

Cite

APA Eren, F. (2022). A Lacanian Perspective on Face and Identity in Ariel Dorfman’s Mascara. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(47), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1128334

Selcuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2025 sayıları için makale kabulüne Dergipark üzerinden 15 Eylül 2024 tarihi itibariyle başlayacaktır.