PUBLICATION CODE OF ETHICS
Selcuk University Journal of Faculty of Letters l (SEFAD) (E-ISSN 2458-908X) is a refereed academic journal that publishes only original scientific articles that meet the standards for a given discipline. SEFAD's ethical statement has followed the principles of COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors and COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors. For more detailed information, please refer to the resources mentioned in the following link: https://publicationethics.org/

In this document, the ethical responsibilities that SEFAD’s publisher, editor-in chief, field editors, reviewers and authors should adhere to are specified. All the stakeholders are expected to comply with these ethical principles.

1. ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PUBLISHER
SEFAD is a scientific and academic journal published by Selcuk University Faculty of Letters. The publisher/official owner of the journal on behalf of the faculty is obliged to fulfill the
following ethical responsibilities:

Editorial Independence
* The Publisher ensures that SEFAD’s editor and the field editors act independently in their editorial decisions throughout the processes from submission to publication.
* The publisher or any external agent cannot make any request against the editorial independence or interfere in the publishing process.

Intellectual Property and Copyright
* The intellectual property and copyright of each article published in SEFAD is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license.

Access to Journal Content

* The Publisher is committed to providing a permanent and free access to all articles
published in SEFAD in accordance with the Open Access principle.
* The publisher cannot request any pecuniary and non-pecuniary provisions from the
authors throughout the publication process

Archiving of Publications
* The publisher takes necessary measures to archive and protect the online content.
Avoiding Ethical Pitfalls
* The publisher, together with the editors, is obliged to take the necessary measures in case
of any scientific abuse and plagiarism.
* If an ethical pitfall is noticed, it should be overcome immediately; if not possible, solutions
like publishing a correction or withdrawing the related article can be provided.

2. ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF EDITORS
* The editors of SEFAD are obliged to fulfill the following ethical responsibilities:

Decision for Publication
* It is the editors’ responsibility to decide which articles will be published in the Journal.
* The submitted articles are subjected to pre-evaluation by the assistant editor and editor-in-chief in terms of plagiarism, compliance with the scope and publication principles of the journal, taking into account academic qualities such as being research-based, originality, contributing to the field, examining new and different developments.
* The referee process of the articles which meet the criteria of preliminary evaluation is initiated by the field editors. According to the reviews of referees and academic qualification of articles, the field editors give a decision on whether the manuscript is accepted or not.

Impartiality
* During the evaluation process of the articles sent to SEFAD, the characteristics of the referee and author (s) such as gender, ethnic origin, religious belief, political opinion, and
the institution they work in are not taken into consideration.
*It is the editors’ responsibility to decide which articles will be published in the Journal.
* The submitted articles are subjected to pre-evaluation by the assistant editor and editor-in-chief in terms of plagiarism, compliance with the scope and publication principles of the journal, taking into account academic qualities such as being research-based, originality, contributing to the field, examining new and different developments.
* The referee process of the articles which meet the criteria of preliminary evaluation is initiated by the field editors. According to the reviews of referees and academic qualification of articles, the field editors give a decision on whether the manuscript is accepted or not.

Confidentiality
* No specific information as to the articles sent to SEFAD is shared with anyone else other than the author (s), referees, editors, editorial board and publisher.
* Research data should be protected.
* Even after the article is published or rejected, SEFAD acts in accordance with the principle of confidentiality.

Conflict of Interest
*Editors cannot use the information enclosed in a study sent to SEFAD in their own research without the written permission of the author(s). Likewise, they cannot use the information or views collected from the referee evaluation for their own benefit.
*If a conflict of interest arises between the editor and the author, the editor may ask one of the other editors or editorial board to carry out the pre-evaluation and the management of the refereeing process. In such a case, information should be provided in the Article Information field.
* Articles should not be sent to referees who may have a self-interest in the subject of the study.

Urgency
* Having completed preliminary evaluation, the articles are sent to the referees without delay.
* The decisions of the referees are forwarded to the authors without delay so that the authors make the required corrections.
* In the editorial process, action is taken in accordance with the time regulations previously
determined by the SEFAD.

Controlling the Evaluation Process
* The referees are chosen among the most competent names in the related field.
* For the process of referee assignment , it should be considered if there is a conflict of interest between the author and the referees. The authors and referees cannot be at the same institution or the department.
* The principle of blind-review must be followed. The information of the referees must be kept confidential. In addition, it should not be ignored that any personal information regarding the author (s) cannot be sent to the referees.
* Referees should not be allowed to make offensive and non-academic comments.
* The referee list should be constantly updated and efforts should be made to expand it.
* When sending a rejection notification to the author (s), the language should not be offensive and disdainful.

Ensuring Publication Integrity
* When ethical considerations regarding a published article arise , even if it has been a long time since the date of publication, the required examination must be carried out. The authors are contacted and informed about the complaints and allegations.
* If possible, the author of the article is contacted to show the necessary attention to complaints and claims. If a violation has been determined as a result of the investigation, a correction notice is issued stating that there is an error, inconsistency or misleading information in the publication.

3. ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE REFEREE
Contribution to Publishing Decisions
* The referee evaluation is at the center of the academic publishing process. Referee decisions assist editors in making editorial decisions.
* Referees assist the author (s) in improving the article through editorial communication.
* By reason of the double-blind peer-reviewed evaluation system, the referees cannot directly contact the authors. Evaluation forms and reports are sent to the authors through editors by using the online system of the journal.

Urgency
* A referree to whom a request has been sent for an article evaluation must inform the editor as soon as possible as to whether he/she will evaluate the article.
* If the referee is not sufficiently expert on the subject, or if the article is out of his/her area of expertise or if he/she cannot finish the evaluation due to the shortage of time, he/she should inform the editor by giving a reason and may request to withdraw from being referee.
* Referees should complete their evaluations within the period determined by the Journal, and should not delay the process.

Confidentiality
* All information regarding the articles sent to the referees for evaluation should be kept confidential by the referees.
* As long as there is no editorial authorization, the article content should not be shown and discussed with others.
* After finishing the evaluation process, the referees must destroy the first versions of the manuscript. They can only use the final, i.e. published versions of the articles.
* The principle of confidentiality includes referees who refuse to evaluate since they have already acquired some information about the manuscript such as title and summary.

Objectivity
* Referees must make their evaluations objectively. Article criticisms should be made in an unbiased and fair way.
* Criticism should be directed towards the article; personal criticism of the author is not allowed.
* Referees should express their views clearly by using supporting evidence.
* When refusing the article, the referees should be principled and truthful; they also should report their reasons clearly. Justified explanation is an ethical responsibility. An appropriate language should be used in the report for the rejection of the article.
* Referees should make their evaluations by using a constructive and kind language.

Citing Sources
* If the referees find out that the required citation rules are not followed in the article, they are obliged to inform the author
*If the referees notice that there is a similarity or overlap between the article they evaluated and a previously published work, they should inform the editor.

Conflict of Interest
* Referees should not agree to evaluate if they have any conflict of interest with the author (s) and they should inform the editor about the case.
* Referees cannot use all or some part of the manuscript sent to them for their own research without written permission of the author. Any information, data and ideas obtained during the evaluation process should be kept confidential and should not be used for personal interests. This rule also applies to referees who refuse to evaluate the article sent to them.
* The referees cannot discredit the work that does not refer to their own work and cannot force the author (s) to refer to them if they have their own work in the related area of the manuscript.

4. ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE AUTHORS
Reporting
* Author (s) should accurately and clearly state how their work is carried out, and objectively present its importance and results.
* The article should be detailed in order to allow other researchers to carry out similar studies, and the sources that can be used should be specified.
* Unrealistic and intentionally false statements are not compatible with the ethical code of SEFAD and cannot be allowed.

Originality
* The author (s) must ensure that their articles are completely original and that if they used works of others, they must ensure citing and referencing them completely and accurately.
* Plagiarism is an act against publication ethics and is unacceptable.

Data Access and Retention
* The author (s) should be able to make the raw data of their research accessible to everyone in the case of a request for editorial review or peer review. Authors should be able to retain the data for a reasonable period of time even after the publication.

Multiple Publishing
* The author (s) cannot submit their article for publication to more than one journal at the same time
* An article that was previously published in a journal or sent to the evaluation process for publication cannot be resent to another journal for evaluation.
* It may be possible to republish articles previously published in another journal if they meet certain conditions. In this case, the editor should explain that the work was previously published in another journal and refer to it clearly.

Citing Sources
* Author (s) should cite the sources that contribute to an understanding of the research findings.
* The information obtained as a result of personal interviews should not be used without the permission of the source person.
* All sources used in the study should be cited and referred.
* Previous publications that reveal similar or different results should be indicated.
* It is an ethical responsibility to indicate the supporters of the research and thank them for their contribution.

Authorship Definition
* The persons listed as article authors should be limited to those who make significant contributions by personally taking part in all processes of the preparation of the article. If there are people who contributed only in certain stages of the work, they should be specified as “contributors” and thanked.
* If the article has more than one author, one of them should be specified as the “responsible author” and this author should be in contact with the editor and carry out the correspondence. Corresponding author should ensure that all the other authors are involved in every step of the article from the evaluation process to its publication.

Conflict of Interest
* If there are any pecuniary and non-pecuniary conflicts of interest that may affect the results and interpretations of the study, the author(s) should indicate them during the submission of the article.

Ethics Committee Permission
* Author (s) must certify that they have the right to use the data and the necessary permissions for research and analysis.
* Ethics committee approval should be obtained separately for clinical and experimental studies on humans and animals. This approval must be indicated and documented in the article with its date and code.

Correction of Errors in the Published Article
* The author (s) are obliged to notify the editor immediately when they notice an important mistake in their published article and to cooperate with the editor in the correction or withdrawal procedures.
* If the editor determines or finds out from a source other than the author that an article contains a serious error, the authors are obliged to prove to the editor of the journal the correctness of the relevant part of their work, make corrections or withdraw the article.

Copyright notice
* Authors submitting articles to our journal are required to read and approve the copyright agreement when uploading their work to our journal's online system. The Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license is valid in the agreement.

* Manuscripts submitted to our journal must not have been previously published in any medium or sent to any publication medium for publication.

* Please ensure that authors submitting manuscripts read and approve the following copyright notice text on the checklist screen while uploading their manuscripts to the online system of our journal. By checking the "I declare that it complies with the above items" box at the end of the checklist, they are deemed to have accepted the copyright notice text.

Copyright notice text

Author(s);
a) The submitted article is the original work of the author(s) and that they have not plagiarised,
b) All authors have participated individually in this study and take full responsibility for this study,
c) All authors have seen and approved the final version of the submitted manuscript,
d) The article has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere,
e) They accept and undertake that the text, figures and documents in the article do not infringe the copyright of any other person.

The authors own the copyright of their works published in Selcuk University Faculty of Letters Journal and their works are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence allows users to copy, distribute and transmit an article as long as the author is attributed, the article is not used for commercial purposes, and the work is not modified or adapted in any way. Therefore the authors are deemed to have accepted the following conditions by submitting their work to the journal under the CC BY-NC-ND licence.

1. The copyright of the published article belongs to the author.
2. Authors authorise this journal to publish the article and to identify itself as the original publisher.
3. Authors grant any third party the right to use the article freely, provided that the original authors and citation details are acknowledged.
4. Nothing in this licence affects or restricts an author's right to protect the integrity and ownership of his or her work.
5. All commercial rights related to the article belong to the authors.

Open Access Policy
This journal has adopted an Open Access policy. According to this policy

1-Scientific articles published in the Journal of the Faculty of Letters of Selçuk University can be freely downloaded, used, copied, distributed, printed, transported, scanned, linked to full texts, indexed, transferred to software as data and used for any legal purpose by all users without any legal, financial and technical obstacle/barrier via the Internet. In addition, copies of the work may be made and distributed in any digital environment, provided that the necessary credit is given to the author, and a limited number of printed copies of these publications may be reproduced for personal use.

2-All studies published in our journal, together with all their appendices, are freely and permanently accessible both in the archive of our journal (http://sefad.selcuk.edu.tr/sefad/issue/archive) and in the DergiPark Academic system (http://dergipark.gov.tr/sefad/archive), where we are located as an archive.

3-Fees for submission and evaluation of articles are not charged to authors.