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Sivil Mimari'nin Sıradışı Örneklerinden: Arastalı Köprüler

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 20, 61 - 88, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.25306/skad.1477515

Abstract

Köprü Mimari, kuşkusuz sivil mimarî örnekleri arasında önem arz eden yapı grubu arasındadır. Köprüler; bulundukları konumun özelliklerini yansıtmaktadırlar. Köprü mimarisi, hemen her medeniyette anıtsal yapıları gereği dikkat çekici örnekler barındırırlar. Söz konusu köprüler, halkın ihtiyaçlarına cevap veren işlevsel bir inşa anlayışı ile ele alınmışlardır. Kimi örnekler, önemli ticaret yolları üzerinde konumlanırken kimileri ordu geçişleri, hac yolları gibi kilit noktalarda işlevlerini sürdürürler. Bunun yanı sıra geniş su yataklarının birbirinden ayırdığı yerleşim bölgelerini birbirini bağlama vazifesi görürler. Köprü mimarisi içinde görülen farklı plan tipleri arasında kuşkusuz arastalı (dükkanlı) köprüler dikkat çekicidir. Bünyelerinde bulundurdukları dükkân yapıları ile birlikte plan tipleri arasında ayrılırlar. Dünyanın farklı noktalarında yer alan bu sayıca az örnekler, mimarlık tarihi açısından ayrıca önem arz eder. Söz konusu dükkanların kimi örneklere daha sonradan eklendiği ifade edilmektedir. Makalede arastalı köprü örnekleri; mimari, tezyinat, malzeme ve teknik hususlar açısından incelenmiştir. Bulundukları bölgede güzergahların önemi üzerinde durulmuş ve bilgileri verilmiştir.

References

  • Atak, E. (2008). Erken Osmanlı Köprüleri, [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Banister, F. (1905). A History of Architecture on The Comparative Method, Batsford.
  • Barton, B. (2016). Civil Engineering Heritage: East Midlands, Ruddocks Publishing.
  • Baumbach, D. & Vockrodt, H. J. (2000). Historische Bogen und Gewölbebrücken der Stadt Erfurt, Habel.
  • Baykal, K. (1950). Bursa ve Anıtları, Aysan Basımevi.
  • Baykal, K. (1993). Bursa ve Anıtları, TAÇ Vakfı, Hakimiyet Tesisleri.
  • Bazin, J. (1962). Landerneau, ancienne capitale de la principauté de Léon: notes d’historie et d’archeologie, Presse liberale du Finistere.
  • Bernabei, M., Calcagnile, L., Fiorentino, L., Lazzeri, S., Macchioni, Pecoraro, E., N., Pizzo, B., Sozzi, L. & Quarta, G. (2018). ‘‘The Wooden Foundations of Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto) in Venice: Technological characterisation and dating’’. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.07.015.
  • Bourin, M. & Puchal, G. (Eds.). (2016). Plafonds peints de Narbonne, Patrimoine protege, Direction régionales des affaires culturelles de Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication.
  • Brown, D. J. (1993). Bridges, MacMillan Publishing Company.
  • Buchanan, R. A. (1990). The Bridges of Bath. Bath History Volume III.
  • Calabi, D. & Morachiello, P. (1988). Le pont du Rialto: un chantier public à Venise à la fin du XVIe siècle, Annales, (43), 453-476.
  • Chiarugi, A. & Foraboschi, P. (1995). Maintenance of the Ponte Vecchio Historical Bridge in Florence. Extending the Lifespan of Structures, vol.2, IABSE Symposium Report, 1479-1484.
  • Codrington, T. (1919). Roman roads in Britain, Macmillan Company.
  • Çam, N. (1991). Arasta, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, (3), 335-336.
  • Çeçen, K. (2002). Köprü, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, (26), 252-255.
  • Çulpan, C. (2002). Türk Taş Köprüleri, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Dağlı, Y. & Kahraman, A. (Haz.) (2005). Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi II, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Dupre, J. (2017). Bridges: A History of the World’s Most Spectacular Spans, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers Inc.
  • Flanigan, T. (2008). The Ponte Vecchio and the Art of Urban Planning in Late Medieval Florence, Gesta, vol. (47), 1-15, The University of Chicago Press, https://doi.org/10.2307/20648957.
  • Griffe, E. (1934). Les origines chretiennes de Narbonne. Revue d’histoire de l’Eglise de France, 20(86), 27-36.
  • Haegen, A. M. & Strasser, R. F. (2013). Art & Architecture: Tuscany, H.F. Ullman Publishing.
  • Harris, P. & Pevsner, N. (1964). The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire, Penguin Books.
  • Herz, A. (2015). Stadtgucker Erfurt, Kramerbrücke, Herzformat.
  • Hunt, W. M. (1991). White, H. P. (Ed.), The Lincoln ‘High Bridge’ Scheme, Journal of the Railway and Canal Historical Society, Hobbs the Printers of Southhampton, 30(149), 270-281.
  • İlter, F. (1978). Osmanlılara Kadar Anadolu Türk Köprüleri, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü Matbaası.
  • Labrum, E. A. (1994). Civil Engineering Heritage Eastern and Central England.
  • Lepage J., Colombier J. M. & Dellong, E. (2008). laissez-vous conter Narbonne, Narbonne, Ville d’art et d’histoire.
  • Lorenzetti, G. (1956). Venezia e il suo estuario: guida storico-artistica, California University.
  • Manco, J. (1995). Pulteney Bridge, Architectural History, (38), 129-145., https://doi.org/10.2307/1568625
  • Mikaeili, M. (2023). Kent İmgesi: Tarihî kapalı çarşılı köprüler. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 9(34), 72-91.
  • Molmenti, P. (1906). Venice: Its Individual Growth from the Earliest Beginnings to the Fall of the Republic, (H. F. Brown, çev.), (1), A.C. McClurg & Company.
  • O’Connor, C. (1993). Roman Bridges, Cambridge University Press.
  • Önge, Y. (1981). Bursa’da Irgandi Köprüsü’nün Orijinal Mimarisi. Vakıflar Dergisi, (13), 425-447.
  • Partov, D., Maslak, M., Ivanov, R., Petkov, M., Sergeev, D. & Dimitrova, A. (2016). A Covered Wooden Bridge Over the Osam River In the Bulgarian Town of Lovech: Its History and the Present Day. Technical Transactions- Civil Engineering, (2-B).
  • Perret, V. (1968). Le Pons Vetus (Pont des Marchands) Narbonne. Bulletin de la Commission archéologique de Narbonne, (30), 49-66.
  • Prade, M. (1988). Les Ponts, Monuments historiques: invantaire, description, histoire des ponts et ponts-aqueducs de France, proteges au titre des monuments historiques, (2), Collection Art & Patrimoine.
  • Raßloff, S. (2015). Blaetterbuch Kramerbrücke, Stiftung Kramerbrücke.
  • Riess, F. (2013). Narbonne and its Territory in Late Antiquity: From the Visigoths of the Arabs, Burlington, Ashgate.
  • Rondelet, A. (1841). Saggio Storico sul Ponte di Rialto in Venezia, Negretti.
  • Rostamzadehshabestari D. & Özer, S. Y. (2017). Tabriz’s Pol Bazaar As a Memory Place. Iconarch Iıı Internatıonal Congress Of Archıtecture, Memory Of Place In Archıtecture And Plannıng Congress, 579-589.
  • Sanchez, C., Cavero, J., Jezegou, M. P. & Pages, G. (2011-16). Narbonne: la ville et ses ports, (Pasqualini, M. Ed.), Fréjus romaine, la ville et son territoire. Les agglomérations de Narbonnaise, des Alpes-Maritimes et de Cisalpine à travers la recherche archéologique, édition APDCA, 221-225, https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00670713
  • Steinfeld, L. (1990). Chronik einer Straße: Die alte Straße von Frankfurt nach Leipzig. Geschiste – Ereignisse – Reiseberichte, Geiger.
  • Thiers, M. (1907). Delesques, H. (ed.), ‘‘Narbonne: Monuments Romains’’, Congres Archeologique de France, session LXXIII.
  • Thirsk, J. (1997). Alternative Agriculture: A History: From the Black Death to the Present Day, Oxford University Press.
  • Tuleshkov, N. (2019). Market Bridges in Europe and Ottoman Empire, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Arts, International Scientific Conference Preservation of Cultural Heritage BASA, 87-112.
  • Tunç, G. (1978). Taş Köprülerimiz, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü Matbaası.
  • Vockrodt, H. J. (2010). Kramerbrücke in Erfurt-Bauwerksgeschichte und Instandsetzung der Gewölbetragkonstruktion in den Jahren 1985/86, Bautechnik, (87)4.

One Of The Exceptional Examples Of Civil Architecture: Market Bridges

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 20, 61 - 88, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.25306/skad.1477515

Abstract

The architectural significance of bridges is indisputable within the realm of civil architecture. Bridges serve as tangible representations of their surroundings, boasting monumental structures that capture attention across civilizations. These structures are designed with a functional approach to meet the evolving need of society, spanning from facilitating trade routes to enabling strategic military and pilgrimage roads. Additionally, bridges serve as vital connectors, bridging communuties separated by water. Notably, market bridges with integrated commercial spaces stand out for their unique design and historical importance. These structures, scattered worldwide, hold a distinct place in architectural history, with some commercial additions being later enhancements.
In this article, market bridges examples are examined comprehensively, encompassing architectural, decorative, material, and technical aspects. The emphasis is placed on the pivotal role of these bridges within their regional context, the construction purposes of the market bridges are mentioned. In the sections, information on the importance of the roads on which market bridges are located is given.

References

  • Atak, E. (2008). Erken Osmanlı Köprüleri, [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Banister, F. (1905). A History of Architecture on The Comparative Method, Batsford.
  • Barton, B. (2016). Civil Engineering Heritage: East Midlands, Ruddocks Publishing.
  • Baumbach, D. & Vockrodt, H. J. (2000). Historische Bogen und Gewölbebrücken der Stadt Erfurt, Habel.
  • Baykal, K. (1950). Bursa ve Anıtları, Aysan Basımevi.
  • Baykal, K. (1993). Bursa ve Anıtları, TAÇ Vakfı, Hakimiyet Tesisleri.
  • Bazin, J. (1962). Landerneau, ancienne capitale de la principauté de Léon: notes d’historie et d’archeologie, Presse liberale du Finistere.
  • Bernabei, M., Calcagnile, L., Fiorentino, L., Lazzeri, S., Macchioni, Pecoraro, E., N., Pizzo, B., Sozzi, L. & Quarta, G. (2018). ‘‘The Wooden Foundations of Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto) in Venice: Technological characterisation and dating’’. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.07.015.
  • Bourin, M. & Puchal, G. (Eds.). (2016). Plafonds peints de Narbonne, Patrimoine protege, Direction régionales des affaires culturelles de Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication.
  • Brown, D. J. (1993). Bridges, MacMillan Publishing Company.
  • Buchanan, R. A. (1990). The Bridges of Bath. Bath History Volume III.
  • Calabi, D. & Morachiello, P. (1988). Le pont du Rialto: un chantier public à Venise à la fin du XVIe siècle, Annales, (43), 453-476.
  • Chiarugi, A. & Foraboschi, P. (1995). Maintenance of the Ponte Vecchio Historical Bridge in Florence. Extending the Lifespan of Structures, vol.2, IABSE Symposium Report, 1479-1484.
  • Codrington, T. (1919). Roman roads in Britain, Macmillan Company.
  • Çam, N. (1991). Arasta, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, (3), 335-336.
  • Çeçen, K. (2002). Köprü, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, (26), 252-255.
  • Çulpan, C. (2002). Türk Taş Köprüleri, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Dağlı, Y. & Kahraman, A. (Haz.) (2005). Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi II, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Dupre, J. (2017). Bridges: A History of the World’s Most Spectacular Spans, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers Inc.
  • Flanigan, T. (2008). The Ponte Vecchio and the Art of Urban Planning in Late Medieval Florence, Gesta, vol. (47), 1-15, The University of Chicago Press, https://doi.org/10.2307/20648957.
  • Griffe, E. (1934). Les origines chretiennes de Narbonne. Revue d’histoire de l’Eglise de France, 20(86), 27-36.
  • Haegen, A. M. & Strasser, R. F. (2013). Art & Architecture: Tuscany, H.F. Ullman Publishing.
  • Harris, P. & Pevsner, N. (1964). The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire, Penguin Books.
  • Herz, A. (2015). Stadtgucker Erfurt, Kramerbrücke, Herzformat.
  • Hunt, W. M. (1991). White, H. P. (Ed.), The Lincoln ‘High Bridge’ Scheme, Journal of the Railway and Canal Historical Society, Hobbs the Printers of Southhampton, 30(149), 270-281.
  • İlter, F. (1978). Osmanlılara Kadar Anadolu Türk Köprüleri, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü Matbaası.
  • Labrum, E. A. (1994). Civil Engineering Heritage Eastern and Central England.
  • Lepage J., Colombier J. M. & Dellong, E. (2008). laissez-vous conter Narbonne, Narbonne, Ville d’art et d’histoire.
  • Lorenzetti, G. (1956). Venezia e il suo estuario: guida storico-artistica, California University.
  • Manco, J. (1995). Pulteney Bridge, Architectural History, (38), 129-145., https://doi.org/10.2307/1568625
  • Mikaeili, M. (2023). Kent İmgesi: Tarihî kapalı çarşılı köprüler. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 9(34), 72-91.
  • Molmenti, P. (1906). Venice: Its Individual Growth from the Earliest Beginnings to the Fall of the Republic, (H. F. Brown, çev.), (1), A.C. McClurg & Company.
  • O’Connor, C. (1993). Roman Bridges, Cambridge University Press.
  • Önge, Y. (1981). Bursa’da Irgandi Köprüsü’nün Orijinal Mimarisi. Vakıflar Dergisi, (13), 425-447.
  • Partov, D., Maslak, M., Ivanov, R., Petkov, M., Sergeev, D. & Dimitrova, A. (2016). A Covered Wooden Bridge Over the Osam River In the Bulgarian Town of Lovech: Its History and the Present Day. Technical Transactions- Civil Engineering, (2-B).
  • Perret, V. (1968). Le Pons Vetus (Pont des Marchands) Narbonne. Bulletin de la Commission archéologique de Narbonne, (30), 49-66.
  • Prade, M. (1988). Les Ponts, Monuments historiques: invantaire, description, histoire des ponts et ponts-aqueducs de France, proteges au titre des monuments historiques, (2), Collection Art & Patrimoine.
  • Raßloff, S. (2015). Blaetterbuch Kramerbrücke, Stiftung Kramerbrücke.
  • Riess, F. (2013). Narbonne and its Territory in Late Antiquity: From the Visigoths of the Arabs, Burlington, Ashgate.
  • Rondelet, A. (1841). Saggio Storico sul Ponte di Rialto in Venezia, Negretti.
  • Rostamzadehshabestari D. & Özer, S. Y. (2017). Tabriz’s Pol Bazaar As a Memory Place. Iconarch Iıı Internatıonal Congress Of Archıtecture, Memory Of Place In Archıtecture And Plannıng Congress, 579-589.
  • Sanchez, C., Cavero, J., Jezegou, M. P. & Pages, G. (2011-16). Narbonne: la ville et ses ports, (Pasqualini, M. Ed.), Fréjus romaine, la ville et son territoire. Les agglomérations de Narbonnaise, des Alpes-Maritimes et de Cisalpine à travers la recherche archéologique, édition APDCA, 221-225, https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00670713
  • Steinfeld, L. (1990). Chronik einer Straße: Die alte Straße von Frankfurt nach Leipzig. Geschiste – Ereignisse – Reiseberichte, Geiger.
  • Thiers, M. (1907). Delesques, H. (ed.), ‘‘Narbonne: Monuments Romains’’, Congres Archeologique de France, session LXXIII.
  • Thirsk, J. (1997). Alternative Agriculture: A History: From the Black Death to the Present Day, Oxford University Press.
  • Tuleshkov, N. (2019). Market Bridges in Europe and Ottoman Empire, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Arts, International Scientific Conference Preservation of Cultural Heritage BASA, 87-112.
  • Tunç, G. (1978). Taş Köprülerimiz, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü Matbaası.
  • Vockrodt, H. J. (2010). Kramerbrücke in Erfurt-Bauwerksgeschichte und Instandsetzung der Gewölbetragkonstruktion in den Jahren 1985/86, Bautechnik, (87)4.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects History of Architecture, Art History
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Mert Bayram 0009-0000-5330-2502

Early Pub Date June 27, 2024
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date May 2, 2024
Acceptance Date June 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 20

Cite

APA Bayram, M. M. (2024). Sivil Mimari’nin Sıradışı Örneklerinden: Arastalı Köprüler. Sosyal Ve Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi (SKAD), 10(20), 61-88. https://doi.org/10.25306/skad.1477515

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