T.S. Eliot'ın "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" Adlı Eserindeki Göndermelerin Çevirisi Üzerine Bir Örnek Olay Çalışması

Year 2025, Issue: Çeviribilim Özel Sayısı II, 507 - 520, 25.03.2025

İlknur Baytar

https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1597794

Abstract

Göndermeler, edebi eserlerde görülen ifadelerdir ve genellikle kültürel unsurlarla bağlantılıdırlar. Bu nedenle, göndermeleri çevirmek çevirmenler için zordur. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada çevirmenin göndermeleri hangi yollarla Türkçeye çevirdiği ve çevirmenin en çok hangi stratejileri tercih ettiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu yüzden, T.S. Eliot’ın “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” adlı şiiri ve bu şiirin “J. Alfred Prufrock’un Aşk Şarkısı” başlıklı Türkçe çevirisi incelenmiştir. Çeviri stratejilerini belirlemeden önce, tespit edilen göndermeler, Ritva Leppihalme (1997) tarafından öne sürülen “özel isim” (“proper-name”) ve “anahtar ifade” (“key-phrase”) adlı gönderme türlerine göre gruplandırılmıştır. Ayrıca, göndermelerin çevrilme şekli ve çevirmenin kullandığı çeviri stratejileri, Leppihalme (1997) tarafından ortaya atılan stratejiler doğrultusunda kararlaştırıldı. Sonuçlara göre, şiirde toplam 13 gönderme tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan 3'ü PN, 10'u ise KP göndermesidir. PN göndermelerini aktarmak için tercih edilen stratejilere gelince, çevirmenin sadece “ismin korunması” (“retention of name”) stratejisini kullandığı, “ismin başka bir isimle değiştirilmesi” (“replacement of name by another”) ve “ismin çıkarılması” (“omission of name”) stratejilerini kullanmadığı söylenebilir. 10 KP göndermelerini çevirmek için ise çevirmen, “minimum değişiklik/birebir çeviri” (“minimum change/ literal translation”), “yeniden yaratım” (“re-creation”), “yeniden ifade yoluyla göndermenin anlama indirgenmesi” (“reduction of the allusion to sense by rephrasal”), “önceden oluşturulmuş bir hedef dil ögesiyle değiştirme” (“replacement by a preformed TL item”) stratejilerini kullanmıştır. Ancak çevirmen, “standart çeviri kullanımı” (“use of a standard translation”), “ekstra-gönderme içeren yönlendirme” (“extra-allusive guidance”), “dipnot/sonnot kullanımı” (“the use of footnotes/endnotes”), “benzeşik aşinalık ya da içsel işaretleme” (“simulated familiarity or internal marking”) ve “göndermenin çıkarılması” (“omission of the allusion”) stratejilerini kullanmamıştır.

Keywords

çeviribilim, gönderme, gönderme çevirisi, çeviri teknikleri, Leppihalme

A Case Study on Translating Allusions in T.S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”

Abstract

Allusions are expressions seen in literary works and they are typically interconnected with cultural aspects. Thus, transferring allusions are tough for translators. With respect to this, this study will focus on finding out the ways the translator translated the allusions into Turkish and the strategies favored most by the translator. Hence, the poem “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T.S. Eliot, and its Turkish translation titled “J. Alfred Prufrock’un Aşk Şarkısı” were analyzed. Before identifying the translation strategies, the allusions identified are categorized by means of the classification of allusions that are “proper-name” (PN) and “key-phrase” (KP) allusions put forward by Ritva Leppihalme (1997). Moreover, the way that allusions are translated and the translation strategies preferred by the translator were decided according to the strategies put forward by Leppihalme (1997). According to the results, a total of 13 allusions were found in the poem. 3 of them were PN and 10 of them were KP allusions. As for the preferred strategies to transfer PN allusions, the translator utilized only the “retention of name” strategy but the translator didn’t use "replacement of name by another" and "omission of name" strategies. To translate the 10 KP allusions, the translator used the “minimum change/literal translation”, “re-creation”, “reduction of the allusion to sense by rephrasal”, “replacement by a preformed TL item” strategies. However, the translator didn’t employ “use of a standard translation”, “extra-allusive guidance”, “the use of footnotes/endnotes”, “simulated familiarity or internal marking” and “omission of the allusion” strategies.

Keywords

translation studies, allusion, translation of allusion, translation techniques, Leppihalme

References

• Adhikari, Prodip Kumar (2018). “Intertextuality in T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and Gerontion: A Critical Study”. International Journal of English Language, Literature and Translation Studies (IJELR), 5 (2), 124-132.
• Çelik, Kübra (2023). “Reading The Allusions in Terry Pratchett’s Wyrd Sisters and its Turkish Translation through the Lens of Intertextuality”. Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, (34), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.37599/ceviri.1272724
• Dutta, Anindita (2014). “Allusions, Symbols & Imagery in T.S. Eliot’s ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’”. New Academia, 3(2), 1-5.
• Eliot, Thomas Stern (1965). T.S. Eliot Şiirler (Thomas Stern Eliot: Seçme Şiirler). (Osman Türkay, Trans.). İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınları.
• Eliot, Thomas Stern (1967). Selected Poems T.S. Eliot. London: Faber and Faber Limited.
• Kalıpcı, Müge (2018). “Subtitling Allusions from English to Turkish: Study of the Simpsons Movie”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(1), 342-359.
• Kristeva, Julia (1980). Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. (Leon S. Roudiez, Ed.; Thomas Gora, Alice Jardine and Leon S. Roudiez, Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press.
• Leppihalme, Ritva (1997). Culture Bumps: An Empirical Approach to the Translation of Allusions. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
• Liu, Songmeng (2021) “The Dilemma Monologue in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”. Open Access Library Journal, 8 (1), 1-8. Doi: 10.4236/oalib.1107053
• Mandal, Annesha & Arindam Modak (2013). “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock: A Postmodern Poem with a Postmodern Hero”. The Criterion: An International Journal in English, 12, 1-6.
• Niknasab, Leila & Tayebeh Partovirad (2021). “A Study of Persian-English Narrative Poems Translation: Focus on Key-Phrase Allusions”. Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, 6 (2), 23-56.
• Rasheed, Estabraq (2018). “Kinds and Functions of Allusion in English and Arabic Languages: A Contrastive Study”. Journal of the College of Basic Education, 24(100), 1–22.
• Ruokonen, Minna (2016). “Analysing Translated Allusions: Exploring a Statistical Approach”. VAKKI Publications, 7 (1), 450-461.
• Sümbül, Feride & Ayşe Selmin Söylemez (2022). “Translating Biblical and Historical Allusions: The Case of Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe”. Çankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 16 (1), 27-42.
• Tarakçıoğlu, Aslı Özlem & Müge Kalıpcı (2020). “An Analysis of the Turkish Translation of Literary and Religious Allusions as a Means of Characterization in Simpsons Comics”. Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi Journal of Translation Studies, 29, 161-187.
• Tekalp, Selen (2020). “Translating Allusions: The Case of Dubliners by James Joyce”. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (18), 590-609. Doi: 10.29000/rumelide.706407
• Valotka, Audrius (2016). “Allusion in a Nutshell”. Lietuvių kalba, 10, doi.org/10.15388/Lietkalb.2016.10.9929
• Zhang, Xi-qun & You-bin Zhao (2018). “On the Techniques of Translating Allusions”. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 8 (6), 1188-1192. Doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2018.08.006