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Türkiye’deki bazı futbol kulüplerinin profesyonel ve alt yapı takımlarında bağıl yaş etkisi

Year 2013, , 105 - 111, 01.08.2013
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000244

Abstract

Eğitimde olduğu gibi sporda da son yıllarda Bağıl Yaş Etkisi sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Doğdukları aylara göre, aynı yıl içerisinde en erken doğanların gelişimsel açıdan en geç doğanlara göre bir avantajının olması ve bunun etkisi, Bağıl Yaş Etkisi (BYE) kavramı ile ifade edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki üst düzey bazı kulüplerin çeşitli yaş kategorilerindeki futbol takımlarında bulunan futbolcularda BYE’nin varlığının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 780 erkek örneklem, Beşiktaş A.Ş., Fenerbahçe A.Ş., Galatasaray A.Ş. ve Trabzonspor A.Ş. kulüplerinde oynayan profesyonel ve altyapı oyuncularından seçilmiştir. Her dört kulübün profesyonel takımları, 2011-2012 Türkiye Spor Toto Süper Ligi sonunda “Süper Final” oynamaya hak kazanmış olan takımlardır. Futbolculara ait bilgiler, Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu’na (TFF) ait erişime açık olan web sayfasından alınmıştır (1). Elde edilen veriler dört kulübün tüm kategorilerdeki takımları için ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Futbolcuların doğdukları aylara göre dağılımları gruplar arası farklılıkların anlamlılıkları ki-kare (chi-square) testi ile incelenmiştir. Profesyonel (A) takımlar hariç bütün kategorilerdeki futbolcuların doğdukları aylara göre dağılım oranlarının, yılın ilk aylarında özellikle de ocak ayında daha yüksek ve istatistiki açıdan anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle ergenlik dönemindeki yaş gruplarında bu oranların daha da yüksek olması, ülkemizin en üst düzeydeki dört kulübünde futbolcu seçimi ve tercihinde bağıl yaş etkisinin varlığını göstermektedir

References

  • Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (2012). [ http://www.tff. org/ ] adresinden Haziran 2012 tarihinde okundu.
  • DeMeis J. ve Stearns E. (1992). Relationship of school entrance age to academic and social performance. Journal of Educational Research, 86, 21-27.
  • Vincent J. ve Glamser FD. (2006), Gender differences in the relative age effect among US Olympic Development Program youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, April; 24(4): 405-413.
  • Malina RM. (2003). Growth and maturity status of young soccer players. In Reilly T. ve Williams AM. (Eds.), Growth and adolescence: Science and Soccer (pp. 289-306, 2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Malina RM, Pefia Reyes ME, Eisenmann JC, Horta L, Rodrigues J. ve Miller R. (2000). Height, mass and skeletal maturity of elite Portuguese soccer players aged 11-16 years. Journal of Sports Sciences 18, 685-693.
  • Roberts SJ, Boddy LM, Fairclough SJ ve Stratton G. (2012). The Influence of Relative Age Effects on the Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels of Children Age 9 to 10 and 11 to 12 Years of Age. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24, 72-83.
  • Hirose N. (2009). Relationships among birth-month distribution, skeletal age and anthropometric characteristics in adolescent elite soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, September; 27(11): 1159-1166.
  • Delorme N, Boıche J, ve Raspaud M. (2010 a). Relative age and dropout in French male soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, May 2010; 28(7): 717- 722.
  • Delorme N, Boiche J ve Raspaud M. (2010 b) Relative age effect in elite sports: Methodological bias or real discrimination? European Journal of Sport Science, March; 10(2): 91-96.
  • Williams JH. (2010) Relative age effect in youth soccer: analysis of the FIFA U17 World Cup competition. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 20: 502-508.
  • Augste C. ve Lames M. (2011): The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer teams, Journal of Sports Sciences, 29:9, 983-987
  • Musch J. ve Hay R. (1999). The relative age effect in soccer: cross-cultural evidence for a systematic discrimination against children born late in the competition year. Sociology of Sport Journal. Human Kinetics Pub. 16, 54-64.
  • Gutierrez DCS, Vicedo JCP, Villora SG ve Jordan ORC. (2010). The relative age effect in youth soccer players from Spain. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine; 9, 190-198.
  • Wiium N, Lie SA, Ommundsen Y. and Enksen H.R.(2010). Does Relative Age Effect Exist among Norwegian Professional Soccer Players? International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 2, 66-76.
  • Cobley SP, Schorer J. ve Baker J.(2008). Relative age effects in professional German soccer: A historical analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, December; 26(14): 1531-1538.
  • Mujika I, Vaeyens R, Matthys SPJ, Santisteban J, Goiriena J, ve Philippaerts R. (2009). The relative age effect in a professional football club setting. Journal of Sports Sciences, September; 27(11): 1153-1158.
  • Romann M. and Fuchslocher J.(2011) Influence of the Selection Level, Age and Playing Position on Relative Age Effects in Swiss Women's Soccer. Talent Development & Excellence Vol. 3, No. 2, 239-247.
  • Delorme N, Boiche J ve Raspaud M. (2010 c) Relative age effect in female sport: a diachronic examination of soccer players. Scand J. Med Sci Sports. 20: 509-515.
  • Nakata H ve Sakamoto K. (2011) Relatıve age effect ın japanese male athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 113, 2, 570-574.
  • Horn R.R, ve Okumura M.(2011). It’s Time to Eliminate the Relative Age Effect in American soccer. Soccer Journal (property of National Soccer Coaches Association of America) March-April; 38- 40.

THE RELATIVE AGE EFFECT IN PROFESSIONAL AND YOUTH TEAMS OF SOME TURKISH SOCCER CLUBS

Year 2013, , 105 - 111, 01.08.2013
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000244

Abstract

The Relative Age Effect in sports and in education is frequently discussed. It is accepted that players who are born during the early months of the same year have an advantage over those who are born during the later months of the same year. This is known as the Relative Age Effect (RAE). The aim of this study is to observe the relative age effect on elite soccer players currently playing in Turkey. A total of 780 male participants were chosen from professional and young soccer players from Beşiktaş A.Ş., Fenerbahçe A.Ş., Galatasaray A.Ş. and Trabzonspor A.Ş. soccer clubs. Professional teams of each four clubs earned the right to play “Super Final” at the end of 2011-2012 Turkish Spor-Toto Super League. Data was collected by accessing the Turkish Football Federation (TFF)’s website (1) which holds information on all licensed players. Each team’s data were individually analysed for each age category. The birthmonth distribution and any meaningful difference were further analysed by a Chi-square statistical test. Apart from professional teams (A), meaningful statistical findings were observed for the youth players. Out of all the players that participate in youth academies, the majority were born on the month of January. Due to the meaningful differences found in this study which are even more evident in age groups that are in puberty , it can be said that player preference and selection is effected by the relative age effect in elite soccer teams in Turkey

References

  • Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (2012). [ http://www.tff. org/ ] adresinden Haziran 2012 tarihinde okundu.
  • DeMeis J. ve Stearns E. (1992). Relationship of school entrance age to academic and social performance. Journal of Educational Research, 86, 21-27.
  • Vincent J. ve Glamser FD. (2006), Gender differences in the relative age effect among US Olympic Development Program youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, April; 24(4): 405-413.
  • Malina RM. (2003). Growth and maturity status of young soccer players. In Reilly T. ve Williams AM. (Eds.), Growth and adolescence: Science and Soccer (pp. 289-306, 2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Malina RM, Pefia Reyes ME, Eisenmann JC, Horta L, Rodrigues J. ve Miller R. (2000). Height, mass and skeletal maturity of elite Portuguese soccer players aged 11-16 years. Journal of Sports Sciences 18, 685-693.
  • Roberts SJ, Boddy LM, Fairclough SJ ve Stratton G. (2012). The Influence of Relative Age Effects on the Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels of Children Age 9 to 10 and 11 to 12 Years of Age. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24, 72-83.
  • Hirose N. (2009). Relationships among birth-month distribution, skeletal age and anthropometric characteristics in adolescent elite soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, September; 27(11): 1159-1166.
  • Delorme N, Boıche J, ve Raspaud M. (2010 a). Relative age and dropout in French male soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, May 2010; 28(7): 717- 722.
  • Delorme N, Boiche J ve Raspaud M. (2010 b) Relative age effect in elite sports: Methodological bias or real discrimination? European Journal of Sport Science, March; 10(2): 91-96.
  • Williams JH. (2010) Relative age effect in youth soccer: analysis of the FIFA U17 World Cup competition. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 20: 502-508.
  • Augste C. ve Lames M. (2011): The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer teams, Journal of Sports Sciences, 29:9, 983-987
  • Musch J. ve Hay R. (1999). The relative age effect in soccer: cross-cultural evidence for a systematic discrimination against children born late in the competition year. Sociology of Sport Journal. Human Kinetics Pub. 16, 54-64.
  • Gutierrez DCS, Vicedo JCP, Villora SG ve Jordan ORC. (2010). The relative age effect in youth soccer players from Spain. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine; 9, 190-198.
  • Wiium N, Lie SA, Ommundsen Y. and Enksen H.R.(2010). Does Relative Age Effect Exist among Norwegian Professional Soccer Players? International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 2, 66-76.
  • Cobley SP, Schorer J. ve Baker J.(2008). Relative age effects in professional German soccer: A historical analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, December; 26(14): 1531-1538.
  • Mujika I, Vaeyens R, Matthys SPJ, Santisteban J, Goiriena J, ve Philippaerts R. (2009). The relative age effect in a professional football club setting. Journal of Sports Sciences, September; 27(11): 1153-1158.
  • Romann M. and Fuchslocher J.(2011) Influence of the Selection Level, Age and Playing Position on Relative Age Effects in Swiss Women's Soccer. Talent Development & Excellence Vol. 3, No. 2, 239-247.
  • Delorme N, Boiche J ve Raspaud M. (2010 c) Relative age effect in female sport: a diachronic examination of soccer players. Scand J. Med Sci Sports. 20: 509-515.
  • Nakata H ve Sakamoto K. (2011) Relatıve age effect ın japanese male athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 113, 2, 570-574.
  • Horn R.R, ve Okumura M.(2011). It’s Time to Eliminate the Relative Age Effect in American soccer. Soccer Journal (property of National Soccer Coaches Association of America) March-April; 38- 40.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA48JG57EJ
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Olcay Mülazımoğlu This is me

Hamit Cihan This is me

Murat Erdoğdu This is me

Erkan Faruk Şirin This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013

Cite

APA Mülazımoğlu, O., Cihan, H., Erdoğdu, M., Şirin, E. F. (2013). Türkiye’deki bazı futbol kulüplerinin profesyonel ve alt yapı takımlarında bağıl yaş etkisi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000244

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