Örgütlerde İletişim Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2011, Issue: 26, 137 - 149, 01.08.2011

Erhan Eroğlu

Abstract

İnsanlığın büyük bir bölümü için çalışmak, yaşam içinde başka herhangi bir etkinlikten çok daha fazla yer tutmaktadır. Modern toplumlarda bir işsahibi olmak kendine güveni oluşturmak ve korumak konusunda temel taşlardan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çalışma koşullarının görece kötü, işsürecinin basit, rutin ve sıkıcıolduğu durumlarda bile çalışmak, bir işi olmamak kadar mutsuzluğa yol açmamaktadır. Açıktır ki; yaşantının önemli bir alanınıkaplayan çalışma yaşamından sağlanan doyum, genel olarak yaşam doyumunu etkilemektedir. Öte yandan yaşam doyumunun düzeyi de işdoyumunun belirleyicilerinden birisi olarak görülmektedir. Çalışmayısadece maddi kazanç getirisi ile tanımlamanın olanaksızlaştığıgünümüzde, bir işte çalışıyor olmak aynızamanda sosyalleşmek anlamınıda taşımaktadır. Bireylerin yaşam doyumlarınıarttıran en önemli unsurlardan birinin tatmin edici bireyler arasıilişkiler ve kaliteli sosyal paylaşımlar olduğu gerçeğinden hareketle, iletişim doyumunun da yaşam doyumunu üzerinde etkili bir değişken olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma yaşam doyumu, işdoyumu ve iletişim doyumu değişkenlerinin birbirleriyle olan ilişkisi konusunda teorik bir çerçeve sunmaya çalışmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışma dâhilinde bahsi geçen kavramlar ve kavramlar arasıilişkiler açıklanmaya çalışılmış, literatürde yer alan ilgili araştırmaların sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

Yaşam doyumu, işdoyumu, iletişim doyumu

Evaluation of The Factors Which Affect The Communication Quality in Organizations

Abstract

The basic task of a manager, in all types of organizations and at all levels, is defined as "the achievement of harmony of individual effort toward the accomplishment of group goals" Most managers have a variety of experiences of communicating with colleagues, superiors and teams during the first half of their careers: some may have given presentations to internal or external clients; others may even have addressed large audiences at meetings or conferences. Communication is vital for coordination and collaboration within a firm, and for establishing relationships with clients. It is an essential skill for a manager. Today's business world places greater expectations on those who seek to lead. When recruiting new employees, increasingly companies say they look for people with razor-sharp communication skills more than analytical ability. Boundaries have fallen at the national level, and this has been mirrored by an equivalent effect at the personal level. It is not enough to say what you want people to do - they want to know why. "Knowing why" is as important as "knowing how". Beyond the extensive research done in job performance the past few decades, researchers have done some work on the organization communication--job satisfaction construct. The prevailing evidence indicates these factors relate positively. Only three studies, though, have documented correlations specifically between. Jain's 1973 early study used a questionnaire interview format to examine the relationship between communication effectiveness of hospital supervisors and their job performance as perceived by their subordinates. Effectiveness criteria were supervisor communication behavior, supervisor-subordinate communication frequency and amount, employee knowledge of policies and procedures, employee communication satisfaction, and non- supervisory formal communication channels use. Results showed positive correlations between communication effectiveness and job performance, communication frequency and amount and job performance, and employee communication satisfaction and supervisor job performance. the positive relationship between organizational communication and job satisfaction appears to be well documented, while there is less reason to say this about the relationship between organizational communication and job performance. Nor do we know much about the factors that compose organizational communication satisfaction and their interrelationships. Strong, continuing interest in the construct has appeared in books, conference proceedings, and doctoral dissertations. In summary, investigation of the organizational communication-job performance research indicates a need for further empirical study Pearce and Segal, 2004 . Life consists of every single factor affecting a person’s life conditions. All the details in a person’s life compose his life itself. For working people that composition is more mingled as working life comes with a number of different subtitiles. As the thinkers state the mostly seeked target of humanbeings is happiness. Happiness has always been the best motive of many actions. It is most powerful incentive to make people perform their tasks.That vital emotion can be gained through some certain satisfactions, including life satisfaction, work satisfaction, communicational satisfaction and so on. Those are also interrelated, so one of those affect the other one or two or all directly and intensely. In other words, with a deep dissatisfaction in one course, it is almost impossible to reach absolute satisfaction in another one. Life satisfaction can be associated with health, wealth, achievements, relations etc by and large; however, the ranking varies for people and they set different standartds for happiness according to their personal traits,life conditions such as their gender, age, educational background, religion, nation etc. and their voluntary controls on their lives not like genetic and environmental factors . As to job satisfaction, it is more easy to define and confine it when it is compared to life satisfaction as it is associated with small number of factors such as, salary, promotion opportunities, the administrators, extra amendments, rewards, work flow, co-workers, the work itself and the organizational communication matter. In today’s world the working people spend most of their times in working areas, so one can not deny the fact thet job satisfaction has a major role in the perception of life satisfaction. A person’s job also determines a working person’s social circle to a big extend, so job satisfaction inserts iteslf in the center of life satisfaction. Communicational satisfaction is also attached a lot importance in literature on the satisfaction issue. Communicational satisfaction consists of tree main titles as satisfaction with interpersonnal communication, satisfaction with a group communication and satisfaction with the organizational communication.. The amount of information a working person receives, organizational communication climate, the transparency of vertical communication and the frequency of interaction among the working people are some of the factors affecting commnunicational satisfaction. There exists a strong realtionship between job satisfaction and communicational satisfaction. Being able to communicate in a healtyh way has a great impact at a work place, it makes the people have confidence and create a sense of security. This study suggests that there is a need to do more research to find out the relation between the life satisfaction and communicational satisfaction. Alas, there is not satisfactory evidence to shoe that correlation. Working prevails upon all the activities people perform for the big percentage of populations. In a modern world, having a job is regarded as having confidence and retaining it. Working even in hard and poor conditions can be preferrable to being unemployed. It is obvious that the satisfaction with the job has a lot impact on the satisfaction with the life itself. Similary, the satisfaction with life has a lot to do with the job satisfaction. Today, it is impossible to take job satisfaction only as the financial satisfaction as having a job means having a social life within its circle which determines a person’s likes and dislikes, ethics and principles, most of hid world views etc. . Creating healthy interpersonal relations and having qualified social sharings are vital factors to improve life satisfaction, so communicational satisfaction is a direct variation for life satisfaction. From this point of view, this study is important to show effects of communication on the workers. This study aims to form a frame to show the relatedness of life, job and communicational satisfaction. The key words, phrases and relations of the phrases have been clarified, and also, the analysis of related studies in literature have been placed

Keywords

Life satisfaction, job satisfaction, communication satisfaction

References

• Açıkalın A (1996) Çağdaş Örgütlerde İnsan Kaynağının Yönetimi, Pegem Yayın No: 7, Ankara.
• Aşan Ö ve Erenler E (2008) İş Tatmini ve Yaşam Tatmini İlişkisi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, C.13, S.2 s.203-216.Bakan İ ve Büyükbeşe T (2004) Örgütsel İletişim ve İş tatmini Unsurları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Akademik Örgütler İçin Bir Alan Araştırması, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F Dergisi (7) 1-30.Campbell A (1976) Subjective Measures of Well-being, American Psychologist, 31 117-124
• Chacko T I (1983) Job and Life Satisfactions: A Causal Analysis of Their Relationships, Academy of Management Journal, Vol: 26, No:1, s. 163-169.
• Costa P T Jr ve McCrae R R (1980) Influence of Extraversion and Neuroticism on Subjective Wellbeing Happy and Unhappy People. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
• Çetinkanat C (2000) Örgütlerde Güdülenme ve İş Doyumu, Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Çekmeloğlu H G (2005) Örgüt İkliminin İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Araştırma”, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 6, No:2.
• Diener E (1984) Subjective Well-being, Psychological Review, 95, 542-575.
• Diener E, Emmons R A, R J Larsen, ve S Griffin (1985) The satisfaction with life scale, Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
• Diener E., Emmons R A, Larsen R J ve Levine S (1985) Intensity and Frequency: Dimensions Underlying Positive and Negative Affect, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1253-1265.
• Dikmen A (1995) İş Doyumu ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisi, http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/42/473/5449. pdf
• Downs C W ve Hazen M D (1977) A Factor Analytic Staudy of Communication Satisfaction, Jounal of Business Communication, 14, (3), 63–73.
• Eid M ve E Diener (2004) Global Judgements of Subjective Well-Being: Situational Varibility and Long-Term Stability , Social Indicators Research, 65, 245-277.
• Eroğlu E ve Özkan G (2008). “Analyzing The Relationship Between The “Organizational Culture” And “Communicational Satisfaction” And An Application In Eskisehir Woodlands Administration” 6th International Symposium Communication in the Millenium, İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Mayıs 2008. ISBN: 978-975-404-833-9
• Gençöz F (?) Uyum Psikolojisi, Kriz Dergisi 6 (2): 1-7.
• Gülnar B (2007) Araştırma Görevlilerinin İş Tatmini Sağlama Aracı Olarak Örgütsel İletişim ve İletişim Doyumu: Kamu ve Özel Üniversite Karşılaştırması, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Halkla İlişkiler ve Tanıtım Anabilim Dalı Araştırma Yöntemleri Bilim Dalı Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
• Hecht M L (1978)a Measures of Communication Satisfaction, Human Communication Research, 4 (4), 350-368.
• Hecht M L (1978)b The Conceptualization and Measurement of Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction, Human Communication Research, 4, (3), 253–264.
• Heler D Timothy A. J Watson D (2002) The Confounding Role of Personality and Trait Affectivity in the Relationship Between Job and Life Satisfaction Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, pp. 815- 835.
• Iverson R D Maguire C (1999) The Relationship Between Job and Life Satisfaction: Evidence From a Remote Mining Community, Department of Management Working Paper, Number 14.
• Keser A (2005)a The Relationship Between Job and Life Satisfaction in Automobile Sector Employees in Bursa Turkey, İş-Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, Cilt 7, Sayı 2, s. 52-63.
• Keser, A (2005)b İş Doyumu ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisi: Otomotiv Sektöründe Bir Uygulama”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi s.77-96.
• Keser A (2005)c Çalışma Yaşamı ile Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisine Teorik Bakış, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 55,1, 897-913.
• Koçel T (1982) İsletme Yöneticiliği Yönetici Geliştirme Organizasyon ve Davranış, Istanbul, I.Ü. Isletme Fakültesi Yayın No:132.
• Konning K H ve De Jong M D (2006) Measurement of Communication Satisfaction: Evaluating the Communication Satisfaction Questionnare as a Communicating Audit Tool paper presented at the annual meeting of International Communication Association, Dresden International Congress Center, Dresden, Germany.
• Kozma A ve Stones M J (1980) The Measurement of Happiness: Development of the Memorial University Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH), Journal of Gerontology, 35, 906-912.
• Köker S (1991) Normal ve Sorunlu Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu Düzeyinin Karşılaştırılması, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
• Loscocco K A ve Roschelle A R (1991) “Influences on the Quality of Work and Nonwork Life: Two Decades in Review, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol: 39.
• Lu L (2000), Gender and Conjugal Differences in Happiness , Journal of Social Psychology, 140(1), 132-141.
• Lukowski A V (2004) The Relationship Between Employer-Employee Congruence of Values, Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction, University of Northern Colorada, Thesis.
• Munchinsky P M (1977) Organizational Communication: Relationships to Organizational Climate, and Job Satisfaction, Academy of Management Journal, 20 (4), 592-607.
• Nelson D L ve James C (1994) Quick; Organizational Behavior Foundations, Realities, and Challenges, West Publishing Company.
• Özdevecioglu M (2003) İş Tatmini ve Yaşam Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma, 11.Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Afyon.
• Pavot W ve Diener E (1993) Review of Satisfaction with Life Scale, Psychological Assessment, Vol.5 No:2 164-172.
• Pearce, C. Ve Segal, G. (2004) “Effects Of Organızatıonal Communıcatıon Satısfactıon On Job Performance And Fırm Growth In Small Busınesses” http://www.sbaer.uca.edu/Research/sbida/1998/pdf/27.pdf
• Piccolo R F Timothy A J Takahashi K Watanabe N Locke E A (2005) Core Self Evaluations in Japan: Relative Effects on Job Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, and Happiness, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, pp. 965-984.
• Pincus J D (1986) Communication Satisfaction, and Job Performance, Human Communication Research, 12 (3), 395-419.
• Purvis RG (1997) An Exploratory Study of The Relationship Among School Superintendent Communicator Style, Communicator Image, And Channel of Communication on Board President Satisfaction, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Texas Tech University, UMI Dissertation Service.
• Robbins S P (2003) Organizational Behavior, Ninth Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Schermerhorn, J R, HUNT J G ve OSBORN R N (1994) Managing Organization Behavior, Fifth Edition, New York, John Willey & Sons, Inc.
• Scitovsky T (1976) The Joyless Economy, Oxford University Pres., Oxford.
• Seligman M E P (2007) Gerçek Mutluluk: HYB Basım Yayın, Ankara.
• Seligman, M E P ve Csikszentmihalyi M (2000) Positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
• Shin D C ve Johnson D M (1978). Avowed Happiness as an Overall Assessment of Quality of Life, Social Indicator Research, 5, 475-492.
• Steers, R M (1996) Motivation And Leadership, Sixth Edition, New York McGraw Hill Book Company.
• Şener E T (2002) Hemşirelerin İş Doyum Düzeyleri İle Genel Yaşam Doyum Düzeyleri İlişkisi: Ankara Atatürk Göğüs Hastalıkları ve Göğüs Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002.
• Uyguç N Duygulu E Arbak Y Çıraklar N H (1998) İş ve Yasam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişkinin Üç Temel Varsayım Altında İncelenmesi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 13, Sayı II, s.193-204.
• Veenhoven R (1996) The Study of Life Satisfaction, W E Saris, R Veenhoven, A C Scherpenzeel ve B A Buntıng Eds., Comparative Study of Satisfaction with Life in Europe, Eötvös University Pres., pp.11- 48.
• Wheless L R, Wheless V E ve Howard R D (1984) The Relationship with Supervisor and DecisionParticipation to Employee Job Satisfaction, Communication Quartely, 32 (8), 222-232.
• Wilson F M (1995) Organizational Behaviour and Gender, McGraw-Hill Book Company. Yetim Ü (2001) Toplumdan Bireye Mutluluk Resimleri, Bağlam Yayıncılık, İstanbul.