Yapay zekâ çağında coğrafya: Mekânsal veri, analiz ve disipliner dönüşüm

Abstract

Bu çalışma, yapay zekâ (YZ) ile coğrafya arasındaki çok boyutlu ilişkiyi disiplinin tarihsel gelişimi, güncel uygulama alanları, epistemolojik dönüşümleri ve etik sonuçları çerçevesinde bütüncül bir perspektifle incelemektedir. Son yıllarda makine öğrenmesi, derin öğrenme ve büyük veri analitiği gibi teknolojik gelişmeler, coğrafi bilgi üretimi ve mekânsal analiz süreçlerini köklü biçimde dönüştürmüştür. Bu dönüşüm coğrafya ve alt araştırma alanlarında yeni araştırma olanaklarını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bununla birlikte YZ’nin coğrafyaya entegrasyonu yalnızca metodolojik bir yenilik değil, daha ziyade coğrafi bilginin üretim biçimlerini, bilgi üretimindeki aktörleri ve disiplinin ontolojik temellerini yeniden düşünmeyi gerektiren bir dönüşümü ifade etmektedir. Bu araştırma, GeoAI kavramını disiplinlerarası bir çerçevede ele alarak YZ’nin coğrafyada ortaya çıkardığı epistemolojik ve ontolojik değişimleri posthümanist coğrafya tartışmaları bağlamında değerlendirmektedir. Ayrıca algoritmik önyargı, veri gizliliği, dijital bölünme ve derin sahte coğrafya gibi etik sorunları analiz ederek YZ temelli mekânsal bilgi üretiminin sonuçlarını tartışmaktadır. Çalışma, YZ çağında coğrafyanın rolünün yalnızca veri işleyen bir disiplin olmaktan çıkarak mekânsal bilginin bağlamsal yorumunu sağlayan ve politika üretim süreçlerine katkı sunan kritik bir alan olarak yeniden konumlandığını ileri sürmektedir.

Keywords

• Coğrafya
• Coğrafi Yapay Zekâ-(GeoAI)
• Mekânsal Bilgi Üretimi
• Yapay Zekâ

Geography in the age of artificial intelligence: Spatial data, analysis, and disciplinary transformation

Abstract

This study examines the multidimensional relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and geography from a holistic perspective, framed by the discipline's historical development, contemporary application areas, epistemological transformations, and ethical implications. In recent years, technological advancements such as machine learning, deep learning, and big data analytics have fundamentally transformed the processes of geographical knowledge production and spatial analysis. This transformation has unveiled novel research opportunities across geography and its sub-disciplines. Nevertheless, the integration of AI into geography transcends mere methodological innovation; rather, it signifies a paradigm shift that necessitates a critical rethinking of the modes of geographical knowledge production, the actors involved therein, and the ontological foundations of discipline. By examining the concept of Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) within an interdisciplinary framework, this research evaluates the epistemological and ontological shifts precipitated by AI in geography, contextualized within posthumanist geography debates. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the ramifications of AI-driven spatial knowledge production by analyzing ethical concerns such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, the digital divide, and deepfake geography. Ultimately, the study posits that in the era of AI, geography is being repositioned, evolving from a discipline that merely processes data into a critical domain that offers contextual interpretations of spatial information and actively contributes to policymaking processes.

Keywords

• Geography
• Geographical Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI)
• Spatial Knowledge Production
• Artificial Intelligence

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